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-.\" $Id: tiffcrop.1,v 1.1.2.4 2010-06-11 22:24:23 bfriesen Exp $
-.\" tiffcrop -- a port of tiffcp.c extended to include extended processing of images
-.\" 
-.\" Original code:
-.\" 
-.\" Copyright (c) 1988-1997 Sam Leffler
-.\" Copyright (c) 1991-1997 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
-.\" 
-.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and 
-.\" its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided
-.\" that (i) the above copyright notices and this permission notice appear in
-.\" all copies of the software and related documentation, and (ii) the names of
-.\" Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics may not be used in any advertising or
-.\" publicity relating to the software without the specific, prior written
-.\" permission of Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics.
-.\" 
-.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS-IS" AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, 
-.\" EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY 
-.\" WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  
-.\" 
-.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL SAM LEFFLER OR SILICON GRAPHICS BE LIABLE FOR
-.\" ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND,
-.\" OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
-.\" WHETHER OR NOT ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGE, AND ON ANY THEORY OF 
-.\" LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE 
-.\" OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-.\" 
-.\" Additional code Copyright (c) 2006-2009 Richard Nolde 
-.\" Lasted Updated 9/2009
-.\" .if n .po 0
-.TH "TIFFCROP" "1" "December, 2008" "libtiff" ""
-.SH "NAME"
-tiffcrop \- select, copy, crop, convert, extract, and/or process one or more
-.SM TIFF
-files.
-.SH "SYNOPSIS"
-.B tiffcrop
-[
-.I options
-]
-.I "src1.tif ... srcN.tif dst.tif"
-.SH "DESCRIPTION"
-.I Tiffcrop
-processes one or more files created according
-to the Tag Image File Format, Revision 6.0, specification
-into one or more
-.SM TIFF
-file(s).
-.I Tiffcrop
-is most often used to extract portions of an image for processing 
-with bar code recognizer or OCR software when that software cannot 
-restrict the region of interest to a specific portion of the image 
-or to improve efficiency when the regions of interest must be rotated.
-It can also be used to subdivide all or part of a processed image into 
-smaller sections and export individual images or sections of images
-as separate files or separate images within one or more files derived
-from the original input image or images.
-.PP 
-The available functions can be grouped broadly into three classes:
-.IP 
-Those that select individual images or sections of images from the input files.
-The options \-N for sequences or lists of individual images in the input files,
-\-Z for zones, \-z for regions, \-X and \-Y for fixed sized selections,
-\-m for margins, \-U for units, and \-E for edge reference provide a variety of 
-ways to specify portions of the input image.
-.IP 
-Those that allow the individual images or selections to be exported to one or
-more output files in different groupings and control the organization of the 
-data in the output images. The options \-P for page size grouping, \-S for 
-subdivision into columns and rows and \-e for export mode options that produce
-one or more files from each input image. The options \-r, \-s, \-t, \-w  control 
-strip and tile format and sizes while \-B \-L \-c \-f modify the endian addressing
-scheme, the compression options, and the bit fill sequence of images as they
-are written.
-.IP 
-Those that perform some action on each image that is selected from the input file.
-The options include \-R for rotate, \-I for inversion of the photometric 
-interpretation and/or data values, and \-F to flip (mirror) the image horizontally
-or vertically.
-.PP 
-
-Functions are applied to the input image(s) in the following order:
-cropping, fixed area extraction, zone and region extraction, 
-inversion, mirroring, rotation.
-.PP 
-Functions are applied to the output image(s) in the following order:
-export mode options for grouping zones, regions, or images into
-one or more files,
-.I or
-row and column divisions with output margins,
-.I or
-page size divisions with page orientation options.
-.PP 
-Finally, strip, tile, byte order, output resolution, and compression options are 
-applied to all output images.
-.PP 
-The output file(s) may be organized and compressed using a different
-algorithm from the input files.
-By default, 
-.I tiffcrop
-will copy all the understood tags in a
-.SM TIFF
-directory of an input file to the associated directory in the output file.
-Options can be used to force the resultant image to be written as strips 
-or tiles of data, respectively.
-.PP 
-.I Tiffcrop
-can be used to reorganize the storage characteristics of data
-in a file, and to reorganize, extract, rotate, and otherwise
-process the image data as specified at the same time whereas 
-tiffcp does not alter the image data within the file. 
-.PP 
-Using the options for selecting individual input images and the 
-options for exporting images and/or segments defined as zones or
-regions of each input image,
-.I tiffcrop
-can perform the functions of tiffcp and tiffsplit in a single pass
-while applying multiple operations to individual selections or images.
-.PP 
-.SH "OPTIONS"
-.TP 
-.B \-h
-Display the syntax summary for tiffcrop.
-.TP 
-.B \-v
-Report the current version and last modification date for tiffcrop.
-.TP 
-.B \-N odd|even|#,#\-#,#|last
-Specify one or more series or range(s) of images within each file to process.
-The words
-.B odd
-or
-.B even
-may be used to specify all odd or even numbered images counting from one.
-Note that internally, TIFF images are numbered from zero rather than one
-but since this convention is not obvious to most users, tiffcrop used 1
-to specifiy the first image in a multipage file.  The word
-.B last 
-may be used in place of a number in the sequence to indicate the 
-final image in the file without knowing how many images there are.
-Ranges of images may be specified with a dash and multiple sets
-can be indicated by joining them in a comma\-separated list. eg. use
-.B \-N 1,5\-7,last 
-to process the 1st, 5th through 7th, and final image in the file.
-.TP 
-.B \-E top|bottom|left|right
-Specify the top, bottom, left, or right edge as the reference from
-which to calcuate the width and length of crop regions or sequence
-of postions for zones. When used with the \-e option for exporting
-zones or regions, the reference edge determines how composite images
-are arranged. Using \-E left or right causes successive zones or 
-regions to be merged horizontally whereas using \-E top or bottom
-causes successive zones or regions to be arranged vertically. This 
-option has no effect on export layout when multiple zones or regions
-are not being exported to composite images. Edges may be abbreviated
-to the first letter.
-.TP 
-.B \-e combined|divided|image|multiple|separate
-Specify the export mode for images and selections from input images.
-The final filename on the command line is considered to be the 
-destination file or filename stem for automatically generated 
-sequences of files. Modes may be abbreviated to the first letter.
-.IP 
-combined   All images and selections are written to a single file with
-multiple selections from one image combined into a single image (default)
-.IP 
-divided    All images and selections are written to a single file
-with each selection from one image written to a new image
-.IP 
-image      Each input image is written to a new file (numeric filename sequence)
-with multiple selections from the image combined into one image
-.IP 
-multiple   Each input image is written to a new file (numeric filename sequence)
-with each selection from the image written to a new image
-.IP 
-separate   Individual selections from each image are written to separate files
-.TP 
-.B \-U in|cm|px
-Specify the type of units to apply to dimensions for margins and 
-crop regions for input and output images. Inches or centimeters 
-are converted to pixels using the resolution unit specified in the 
-TIFF file (which defaults to inches if not specified in the IFD).
-.TP 
-.B \-m #,#,#,#
-Specify margins to be removed from the input image. The order must 
-be top, left, bottom, right with only commas separating the elements 
-of the list. Margins are scaled according to the current units and 
-removed before any other extractions are computed..
-.TP 
-.B \-X #
-Set the horizontal (X\-axis) dimension of a region to extract relative to 
-the specified origin reference. If the origin is the top or bottom
-edge, the X axis value will be assumed to start at the left edge.
-.TP 
-.B \-Y #
-Set the vertical (Y\-axis) dimension of a region to extract relative to
-the specified origin reference. If the origin is the left or right
-edge, the Y axis value will be assumed to start at the top.
-.TP 
-.B \-Z  #:#,#:#  
-Specify zones of the image designated as position X of Y equal sized portions
-measured from the reference edge,  eg 1:3 would be first third of the
-image starting from the reference edge minus any margins specified
-for the confining edges. Multiple zones can be specified as a comma
-separated list but they must reference the same edge. To extract the
-top quarter and the bottom third of an image you would use 
-.B \-Z 1:4,3:3.
-.TP 
-.B \-z x1,y1,x2,y2: ... :xN,yN,xN+1,yN+1 
-Specify a series of coordinates to define regions for processing and exporting.
-The coordinates represent the top left and lower right corners of each region 
-in the current units, eg inch, cm, or pixels. Pixels are counted from one to 
-width or height and inches or cm are calculated from image resolution data.
-
-Each colon delimited series of four values represents the horizontal and vertical 
-offsets from the top and left edges of the image, regardless of the edge specified
-with the \-E option. The first and third values represent the horizontal offsets of 
-the corner points from the left edge while the second and fourth values represent 
-the vertical offsets from the top edge.
-.TP 
-.B \-F horiz|vert
-Flip, ie mirror, the image or extracted region horizontally or vertically.
-.TP 
-.B \-R 90|180|270
-Rotate the image or extracted region 90, 180, or 270 degrees clockwise.
-.TP 
-.B \\-I [black|white|data|both]
-Invert color space, eg dark to light for bilevel and grayscale images.
-This can be used to modify negative images to positive or to correct
-images that have the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATIN tag set incorrectly.
-If the value is black or white, the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION tag is set to 
-MinIsBlack or MinIsWhite, without altering the image data. If the argument 
-is data or both, the data values of the image are modified. Specifying both 
-inverts the data and the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION tag, whereas using data
-inverts the data but not the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION tag.
-No support for modifying the color space of color images in this release.
-.TP 
-.B \-H #
-Set the horizontal resolution of output images to #
-expressed in the current units.
-.TP 
-.B \-V #
-Set the vertical resolution of the output images to #
-expressed in the current units.
-.TP 
-.B \-J #
-Set the horizontal margin of an output page size to #
-expressed in the current units when sectioning image into columns x rows
-subimages using the \-S cols:rows option.
-.TP 
-.B \-K #
-Set the vertical margin of an output page size to # 
-expressed in the current units when sectioning image into columns x rows
-submiages using the \-S cols:rows option.
-.TP
-.B \-O portrait|landscape|auto
-Set the output orientation of the pages or sections.
-Auto will use the arrangement that requires the fewest pages.
-This option is only meaningful in conjunction with the -P
-option to format an image to fit on a specific paper size.
-.TP 
-.B \-P page
-Format the output images to fit on page size paper. Use
-\-P list to show the supported page sizes and dimensions.
-You can define a custom page size by entering the width and length of the
-page in the current units with the following format #.#x#.#.
-.TP 
-.B \-S cols:rows
-Divide each image into cols across and rows down equal sections.
-.TP 
-.B \-B
-Force output to be written with Big\-Endian byte order.
-This option only has an effect when the output file is created or
-overwritten and not when it is appended to.
-.TP 
-.B \-C
-Suppress the use of ``strip chopping'' when reading images
-that have a single strip/tile of uncompressed data.
-.TP 
-.B \-c
-Specify the compression to use for data written to the output file:
-.B none 
-for no compression,
-.B packbits
-for PackBits compression,
-.B lzw
-for Lempel\-Ziv & Welch compression,
-.B jpeg 
-for baseline JPEG compression.
-.B zip
-for Deflate compression,
-.B g3
-for CCITT Group 3 (T.4) compression,
-and
-.B g4
-for CCITT Group 4 (T.6) compression.
-By default
-.I tiffcrop
-will compress data according to the value of the
-.I Compression
-tag found in the source file.
-.IP 
-The
-.SM CCITT
-Group 3 and Group 4 compression algorithms can only
-be used with bilevel data.
-.IP 
-Group 3 compression can be specified together with several
-T.4\-specific options:
-.B 1d
-for 1\-dimensional encoding,
-.B 2d
-for 2\-dimensional encoding,
-and
-.B fill
-to force each encoded scanline to be zero\-filled so that the
-terminating EOL code lies on a byte boundary.
-Group 3\-specific options are specified by appending a ``:''\-separated
-list to the ``g3'' option; e.g.
-.B "\-c g3:2d:fill"
-to get 2D\-encoded data with byte\-aligned EOL codes.
-.IP 
-.SM LZW
-compression can be specified together with a 
-.I predictor
-value.
-A predictor value of 2 causes
-each scanline of the output image to undergo horizontal
-differencing before it is encoded; a value
-of 1 forces each scanline to be encoded without differencing.
-LZW\-specific options are specified by appending a ``:''\-separated
-list to the ``lzw'' option; e.g.
-.B "\-c lzw:2"
-for
-.SM LZW
-compression with horizontal differencing.
-.TP 
-.B \-f
-Specify the bit fill order to use in writing output data.
-By default,
-.I tiffcrop
-will create a new file with the same fill order as the original.
-Specifying
-.B "\-f lsb2msb"
-will force data to be written with the FillOrder tag set to
-.SM LSB2MSB,
-while
-.B "\-f msb2lsb"
-will force data to be written with the FillOrder tag set to
-.SM MSB2LSB.
-.TP 
-.B \-i
-Ignore non\-fatal read errors and continue processing of the input file.
-.TP 
-.B \-l
-Specify the length of a tile (in pixels).
-.I Tiffcrop
-attempts to set the tile dimensions so
-that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile.
-.TP 
-.B \-L
-Force output to be written with Little\-Endian byte order.
-This option only has an effect when the output file is created or
-overwritten and not when it is appended to.
-.TP 
-.B \-M
-Suppress the use of memory\-mapped files when reading images.
-.TP 
-.B \-p
-Specify the planar configuration to use in writing image data
-that has more than one sample per pixel.
-By default,
-.I tiffcrop
-will create a new file with the same planar configuration as
-the original.
-Specifying
-.B "\-p contig"
-will force data to be written with multi\-sample data packed
-together, while
-.B "\-p separate"
-will force samples to be written in separate planes.
-.TP 
-.B \-r
-Specify the number of rows (scanlines) in each strip of data
-written to the output file.
-By default (or when value
-.B 0
-is specified),
-.I tiffcrop
-attempts to set the rows/strip that no more than 8 kilobytes of 
-data appear in a strip. If you specify the special value
-.B \-1
-it will results in infinite number of the rows per strip. The entire image
-will be the one strip in that case.
-.TP 
-.B \-s
-Force the output file to be written with data organized in strips
-(rather than tiles).
-.TP 
-.B \-t
-Force the output file to be written with data organized in tiles
-(rather than strips).
-.TP 
-.B \-w
-Specify the width of a tile (in pixels).
-.I tiffcrop
-attempts to set the tile dimensions so
-that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile.
-.I tiffcrop
-attempts to set the tile dimensions so
-that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile.
-.TP
-Debug and dump facility
-.B \-D opt1:value1,opt2:value2,opt3:value3:opt4:value4
-Display program progress and/or dump raw data to non\-TIFF files.
-Options include the following and must be joined as a comma
-separated list. The use of this option is generally limited to
-program debugging and development of future options. An equal sign
-may be substituted for the colon in option:value pairs.
-.IP
-debug:N         Display limited program progress indicators where larger N
-increase the level of detail.
-.IP
-format:txt|raw  Format any logged data as ASCII text or raw binary 
-values. ASCII text dumps include strings of ones and zeroes representing
-the binary values in the image data plus identifying headers.
-.IP
-level:N         Specify the level of detail presented in the dump files.
-This can vary from dumps of the entire input or output image data to dumps
-of data processed by specific functions. Current range of levels is 1 to 3.
-.IP
-input:full\-path\-to\-directory/input\-dumpname
-.IP
-output:full\-path\-to\-directory/output\-dumpname
-.IP
-When dump files are being written, each image will be written to a separate
-file with the name built by adding a numeric sequence value to the dumpname
-and an extension of .txt for ASCII dumps or .bin for binary dumps.
-
-The four debug/dump options are independent, though it makes little sense to
-specify a dump file without specifying a detail level.
-.IP
-Note: Tiffcrop may be compiled with -DDEVELMODE to enable additional very
- low level debug reporting.
-.SH "EXAMPLES"
-The following concatenates two files and writes the result using 
-.SM LZW
-encoding:
-.RS
-.nf 
-tiffcrop \-c lzw a.tif b.tif result.tif
-.fi 
-.RE
-.PP 
-To convert a G3 1d\-encoded 
-.SM TIFF
-to a single strip of G4\-encoded data the following might be used:
-.RS
-.nf 
-tiffcrop \-c g4 \-r 10000 g3.tif g4.tif
-.fi 
-.RE
-(1000 is just a number that is larger than the number of rows in
-the source file.)
-
-To extract a selected set of images from a multi\-image TIFF file 
-use the \-N option described above. Thus, to copy the 1st and 3rd
-images of image file "album.tif" to "result.tif":
-.RS
-.nf 
-tiffcrop \-N 1,3 album.tif result.tif
-.fi 
-.RE
-.PP 
-Invert a bilevel image scan of a microfilmed document and crop off margins of
-0.25 inches on the left and right, 0.5 inch on the top, and 0.75 inch on the
-bottom. From the remaining portion of the image, select the second and third
-quarters, ie, one half of the area left from the center to each margin. 
-.RS
-tiffcrop \-U in \-m 0.5,0.25,0.75,0.25 \-E left \-Z 2:4,3:4 \-I both MicrofilmNegative.tif MicrofilmPostiveCenter.tif
-.fi 
-.RE
-.PP 
-Extract only the final image of a large Architectural E sized 
-multipage TIFF file and rotate it 90 degrees clockwise while 
-reformatting the output to fit on tabloid sized sheets with one 
-quarter of an inch on each side:
-.RS
-tiffcrop \-N last \-R 90 \-O auto \-P tabloid \-U in \-J 0.25 \-K 0.25 \-H 300 \-V 300 Big\-PlatMap.tif BigPlatMap\-Tabloid.tif 
-.fi 
-.RE
-The output images will have a specified resolution of 300 dpi in both
-directions. The orientation of each page will be determined by whichever
-choice requires the fewest pages. To specify a specific orientation, use
-the portrait or landscape option. The paper size option does not resample
-the image. It breaks each original image into a series of smaller images
-that will fit on the target paper size at the specified resolution.
-.fi 
-.RE
-.PP 
-Extract two regions 2048 pixels wide by 2048 pixels high from each page of
-a multi\-page input file and write each region to a separate output file.
-.RS
-tiffcrop \-U px \-z 1,1,2048,2048:1,2049,2048,4097 \-e separate  CheckScans.tiff Check
-.fi 
-.RE
-The output file names will use the stem Check with a numeric suffix which is
-incremented for each region of each image, eg Check\-001.tiff, Check\-002.tiff ...
-Check\-NNN.tiff. To produce a unique file for each page of the input image
-with one new image for each region of the input image on that page, change
-the export option to \-e multiple.
-
-.SH "NOTES"
-.PP 
-In general, bilevel, grayscale, palette and RGB(A) data with bit depths
-from 1 to 32 bits should work in both interleaved and separate plane
-formats. Unlike tiffcp, tiffcrop can read and write tiled images with
-bits per sample that are not a multiple of 8 in both interleaved and
-separate planar format. Floating point data types are supported at 
-bit depts of 16, 24, 32 and 64 bits per sample. 
-.PP
-Not all images can be converted from one compression scheme to another.
-Data with some photometric interpretations and/or bit depths are tied to 
-specific compression schemes and vice-versa, e.g. Group 3/4 compression
-is only usable for bilevel data. JPEG compression is only useable on 8
-bit per sample data (or 12 bit if 
-.I LibTIFF
-was compiled with 12 bit JPEG support). Support for OJPEG compressed 
-images is problematic at best. Since OJPEG compression is no longer 
-supported for writing images with LibTIFF, these images will be updated
-to the newer JPEG compression when they are copied or processed. This
-may cause the image to appear color shifted or distorted after conversion.
-In some cases, it is possible to remove the original compression from 
-image data using the option -cnone.
-.PP
-Tiffcrop does not currently provide options to up or downsample data to 
-different bit depths or convert data from one photometric interpretation 
-to another, e.g. 16 bits per sample to 8 bits per sample or RGB to grayscale. 
-.PP
-Tiffcrop is very loosely derived from code in
-.I tiffcp
-with extensive modifications and additions to support the selection of input 
-images and regions and the exporting of them to one or more output files in 
-various groupings. The image manipulation routines are entirely new and 
-additional ones may be added in the future. It will handle tiled images with 
-bit depths that are not a multiple of eight that tiffcp may refuse to read.
-.PP 
-.I Tiffcrop
-was designed to handle large files containing many moderate sized images 
-with memory usage that is independent of the number of images in the file. 
-In order to support compression modes that are not based on individual 
-scanlines, e.g. JPEG, it now reads images by strip or tile rather than by 
-indvidual scanlines. In addition to the memory required by the input and 
-output buffers associated with
-.I LibTIFF
-one or more buffers at least as large as the largest image to be read are
-required. The design favors large volume document processing uses over 
-scientific or graphical manipulation of large datasets as might be found 
-in research or remote sensing scenarios.
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.BR pal2rgb (1),
-.BR tiffinfo (1),
-.BR tiffcmp (1),
-.BR tiffcp (1),
-.BR tiffmedian (1),
-.BR tiffsplit (1),
-.BR libtiff (3TIFF)
-.PP 
-Libtiff library home page:
-.BR http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/
-