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diff --git a/tiff/man/tiffcrop.1 b/tiff/man/tiffcrop.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f5cffd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/tiff/man/tiffcrop.1 @@ -0,0 +1,571 @@ +.\" $Id: tiffcrop.1,v 1.1.2.4 2010-06-11 22:24:23 bfriesen Exp $ +.\" tiffcrop -- a port of tiffcp.c extended to include extended processing of images +.\" +.\" Original code: +.\" +.\" Copyright (c) 1988-1997 Sam Leffler +.\" Copyright (c) 1991-1997 Silicon Graphics, Inc. +.\" +.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and +.\" its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided +.\" that (i) the above copyright notices and this permission notice appear in +.\" all copies of the software and related documentation, and (ii) the names of +.\" Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics may not be used in any advertising or +.\" publicity relating to the software without the specific, prior written +.\" permission of Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics. +.\" +.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS-IS" AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, +.\" EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY +.\" WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. +.\" +.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL SAM LEFFLER OR SILICON GRAPHICS BE LIABLE FOR +.\" ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, +.\" OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, +.\" WHETHER OR NOT ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGE, AND ON ANY THEORY OF +.\" LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE +.\" OF THIS SOFTWARE. +.\" +.\" Additional code Copyright (c) 2006-2009 Richard Nolde +.\" Lasted Updated 9/2009 +.\" .if n .po 0 +.TH "TIFFCROP" "1" "December, 2008" "libtiff" "" +.SH "NAME" +tiffcrop \- select, copy, crop, convert, extract, and/or process one or more +.SM TIFF +files. +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.B tiffcrop +[ +.I options +] +.I "src1.tif ... srcN.tif dst.tif" +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.I Tiffcrop +processes one or more files created according +to the Tag Image File Format, Revision 6.0, specification +into one or more +.SM TIFF +file(s). +.I Tiffcrop +is most often used to extract portions of an image for processing +with bar code recognizer or OCR software when that software cannot +restrict the region of interest to a specific portion of the image +or to improve efficiency when the regions of interest must be rotated. +It can also be used to subdivide all or part of a processed image into +smaller sections and export individual images or sections of images +as separate files or separate images within one or more files derived +from the original input image or images. +.PP +The available functions can be grouped broadly into three classes: +.IP +Those that select individual images or sections of images from the input files. +The options \-N for sequences or lists of individual images in the input files, +\-Z for zones, \-z for regions, \-X and \-Y for fixed sized selections, +\-m for margins, \-U for units, and \-E for edge reference provide a variety of +ways to specify portions of the input image. +.IP +Those that allow the individual images or selections to be exported to one or +more output files in different groupings and control the organization of the +data in the output images. The options \-P for page size grouping, \-S for +subdivision into columns and rows and \-e for export mode options that produce +one or more files from each input image. The options \-r, \-s, \-t, \-w control +strip and tile format and sizes while \-B \-L \-c \-f modify the endian addressing +scheme, the compression options, and the bit fill sequence of images as they +are written. +.IP +Those that perform some action on each image that is selected from the input file. +The options include \-R for rotate, \-I for inversion of the photometric +interpretation and/or data values, and \-F to flip (mirror) the image horizontally +or vertically. +.PP + +Functions are applied to the input image(s) in the following order: +cropping, fixed area extraction, zone and region extraction, +inversion, mirroring, rotation. +.PP +Functions are applied to the output image(s) in the following order: +export mode options for grouping zones, regions, or images into +one or more files, +.I or +row and column divisions with output margins, +.I or +page size divisions with page orientation options. +.PP +Finally, strip, tile, byte order, output resolution, and compression options are +applied to all output images. +.PP +The output file(s) may be organized and compressed using a different +algorithm from the input files. +By default, +.I tiffcrop +will copy all the understood tags in a +.SM TIFF +directory of an input file to the associated directory in the output file. +Options can be used to force the resultant image to be written as strips +or tiles of data, respectively. +.PP +.I Tiffcrop +can be used to reorganize the storage characteristics of data +in a file, and to reorganize, extract, rotate, and otherwise +process the image data as specified at the same time whereas +tiffcp does not alter the image data within the file. +.PP +Using the options for selecting individual input images and the +options for exporting images and/or segments defined as zones or +regions of each input image, +.I tiffcrop +can perform the functions of tiffcp and tiffsplit in a single pass +while applying multiple operations to individual selections or images. +.PP +.SH "OPTIONS" +.TP +.B \-h +Display the syntax summary for tiffcrop. +.TP +.B \-v +Report the current version and last modification date for tiffcrop. +.TP +.B \-N odd|even|#,#\-#,#|last +Specify one or more series or range(s) of images within each file to process. +The words +.B odd +or +.B even +may be used to specify all odd or even numbered images counting from one. +Note that internally, TIFF images are numbered from zero rather than one +but since this convention is not obvious to most users, tiffcrop used 1 +to specifiy the first image in a multipage file. The word +.B last +may be used in place of a number in the sequence to indicate the +final image in the file without knowing how many images there are. +Ranges of images may be specified with a dash and multiple sets +can be indicated by joining them in a comma\-separated list. eg. use +.B \-N 1,5\-7,last +to process the 1st, 5th through 7th, and final image in the file. +.TP +.B \-E top|bottom|left|right +Specify the top, bottom, left, or right edge as the reference from +which to calcuate the width and length of crop regions or sequence +of postions for zones. When used with the \-e option for exporting +zones or regions, the reference edge determines how composite images +are arranged. Using \-E left or right causes successive zones or +regions to be merged horizontally whereas using \-E top or bottom +causes successive zones or regions to be arranged vertically. This +option has no effect on export layout when multiple zones or regions +are not being exported to composite images. Edges may be abbreviated +to the first letter. +.TP +.B \-e combined|divided|image|multiple|separate +Specify the export mode for images and selections from input images. +The final filename on the command line is considered to be the +destination file or filename stem for automatically generated +sequences of files. Modes may be abbreviated to the first letter. +.IP +combined All images and selections are written to a single file with +multiple selections from one image combined into a single image (default) +.IP +divided All images and selections are written to a single file +with each selection from one image written to a new image +.IP +image Each input image is written to a new file (numeric filename sequence) +with multiple selections from the image combined into one image +.IP +multiple Each input image is written to a new file (numeric filename sequence) +with each selection from the image written to a new image +.IP +separate Individual selections from each image are written to separate files +.TP +.B \-U in|cm|px +Specify the type of units to apply to dimensions for margins and +crop regions for input and output images. Inches or centimeters +are converted to pixels using the resolution unit specified in the +TIFF file (which defaults to inches if not specified in the IFD). +.TP +.B \-m #,#,#,# +Specify margins to be removed from the input image. The order must +be top, left, bottom, right with only commas separating the elements +of the list. Margins are scaled according to the current units and +removed before any other extractions are computed.. +.TP +.B \-X # +Set the horizontal (X\-axis) dimension of a region to extract relative to +the specified origin reference. If the origin is the top or bottom +edge, the X axis value will be assumed to start at the left edge. +.TP +.B \-Y # +Set the vertical (Y\-axis) dimension of a region to extract relative to +the specified origin reference. If the origin is the left or right +edge, the Y axis value will be assumed to start at the top. +.TP +.B \-Z #:#,#:# +Specify zones of the image designated as position X of Y equal sized portions +measured from the reference edge, eg 1:3 would be first third of the +image starting from the reference edge minus any margins specified +for the confining edges. Multiple zones can be specified as a comma +separated list but they must reference the same edge. To extract the +top quarter and the bottom third of an image you would use +.B \-Z 1:4,3:3. +.TP +.B \-z x1,y1,x2,y2: ... :xN,yN,xN+1,yN+1 +Specify a series of coordinates to define regions for processing and exporting. +The coordinates represent the top left and lower right corners of each region +in the current units, eg inch, cm, or pixels. Pixels are counted from one to +width or height and inches or cm are calculated from image resolution data. + +Each colon delimited series of four values represents the horizontal and vertical +offsets from the top and left edges of the image, regardless of the edge specified +with the \-E option. The first and third values represent the horizontal offsets of +the corner points from the left edge while the second and fourth values represent +the vertical offsets from the top edge. +.TP +.B \-F horiz|vert +Flip, ie mirror, the image or extracted region horizontally or vertically. +.TP +.B \-R 90|180|270 +Rotate the image or extracted region 90, 180, or 270 degrees clockwise. +.TP +.B \\-I [black|white|data|both] +Invert color space, eg dark to light for bilevel and grayscale images. +This can be used to modify negative images to positive or to correct +images that have the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATIN tag set incorrectly. +If the value is black or white, the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION tag is set to +MinIsBlack or MinIsWhite, without altering the image data. If the argument +is data or both, the data values of the image are modified. Specifying both +inverts the data and the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION tag, whereas using data +inverts the data but not the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION tag. +No support for modifying the color space of color images in this release. +.TP +.B \-H # +Set the horizontal resolution of output images to # +expressed in the current units. +.TP +.B \-V # +Set the vertical resolution of the output images to # +expressed in the current units. +.TP +.B \-J # +Set the horizontal margin of an output page size to # +expressed in the current units when sectioning image into columns x rows +subimages using the \-S cols:rows option. +.TP +.B \-K # +Set the vertical margin of an output page size to # +expressed in the current units when sectioning image into columns x rows +submiages using the \-S cols:rows option. +.TP +.B \-O portrait|landscape|auto +Set the output orientation of the pages or sections. +Auto will use the arrangement that requires the fewest pages. +This option is only meaningful in conjunction with the -P +option to format an image to fit on a specific paper size. +.TP +.B \-P page +Format the output images to fit on page size paper. Use +\-P list to show the supported page sizes and dimensions. +You can define a custom page size by entering the width and length of the +page in the current units with the following format #.#x#.#. +.TP +.B \-S cols:rows +Divide each image into cols across and rows down equal sections. +.TP +.B \-B +Force output to be written with Big\-Endian byte order. +This option only has an effect when the output file is created or +overwritten and not when it is appended to. +.TP +.B \-C +Suppress the use of ``strip chopping'' when reading images +that have a single strip/tile of uncompressed data. +.TP +.B \-c +Specify the compression to use for data written to the output file: +.B none +for no compression, +.B packbits +for PackBits compression, +.B lzw +for Lempel\-Ziv & Welch compression, +.B jpeg +for baseline JPEG compression. +.B zip +for Deflate compression, +.B g3 +for CCITT Group 3 (T.4) compression, +and +.B g4 +for CCITT Group 4 (T.6) compression. +By default +.I tiffcrop +will compress data according to the value of the +.I Compression +tag found in the source file. +.IP +The +.SM CCITT +Group 3 and Group 4 compression algorithms can only +be used with bilevel data. +.IP +Group 3 compression can be specified together with several +T.4\-specific options: +.B 1d +for 1\-dimensional encoding, +.B 2d +for 2\-dimensional encoding, +and +.B fill +to force each encoded scanline to be zero\-filled so that the +terminating EOL code lies on a byte boundary. +Group 3\-specific options are specified by appending a ``:''\-separated +list to the ``g3'' option; e.g. +.B "\-c g3:2d:fill" +to get 2D\-encoded data with byte\-aligned EOL codes. +.IP +.SM LZW +compression can be specified together with a +.I predictor +value. +A predictor value of 2 causes +each scanline of the output image to undergo horizontal +differencing before it is encoded; a value +of 1 forces each scanline to be encoded without differencing. +LZW\-specific options are specified by appending a ``:''\-separated +list to the ``lzw'' option; e.g. +.B "\-c lzw:2" +for +.SM LZW +compression with horizontal differencing. +.TP +.B \-f +Specify the bit fill order to use in writing output data. +By default, +.I tiffcrop +will create a new file with the same fill order as the original. +Specifying +.B "\-f lsb2msb" +will force data to be written with the FillOrder tag set to +.SM LSB2MSB, +while +.B "\-f msb2lsb" +will force data to be written with the FillOrder tag set to +.SM MSB2LSB. +.TP +.B \-i +Ignore non\-fatal read errors and continue processing of the input file. +.TP +.B \-l +Specify the length of a tile (in pixels). +.I Tiffcrop +attempts to set the tile dimensions so +that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile. +.TP +.B \-L +Force output to be written with Little\-Endian byte order. +This option only has an effect when the output file is created or +overwritten and not when it is appended to. +.TP +.B \-M +Suppress the use of memory\-mapped files when reading images. +.TP +.B \-p +Specify the planar configuration to use in writing image data +that has more than one sample per pixel. +By default, +.I tiffcrop +will create a new file with the same planar configuration as +the original. +Specifying +.B "\-p contig" +will force data to be written with multi\-sample data packed +together, while +.B "\-p separate" +will force samples to be written in separate planes. +.TP +.B \-r +Specify the number of rows (scanlines) in each strip of data +written to the output file. +By default (or when value +.B 0 +is specified), +.I tiffcrop +attempts to set the rows/strip that no more than 8 kilobytes of +data appear in a strip. If you specify the special value +.B \-1 +it will results in infinite number of the rows per strip. The entire image +will be the one strip in that case. +.TP +.B \-s +Force the output file to be written with data organized in strips +(rather than tiles). +.TP +.B \-t +Force the output file to be written with data organized in tiles +(rather than strips). +.TP +.B \-w +Specify the width of a tile (in pixels). +.I tiffcrop +attempts to set the tile dimensions so +that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile. +.I tiffcrop +attempts to set the tile dimensions so +that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile. +.TP +Debug and dump facility +.B \-D opt1:value1,opt2:value2,opt3:value3:opt4:value4 +Display program progress and/or dump raw data to non\-TIFF files. +Options include the following and must be joined as a comma +separated list. The use of this option is generally limited to +program debugging and development of future options. An equal sign +may be substituted for the colon in option:value pairs. +.IP +debug:N Display limited program progress indicators where larger N +increase the level of detail. +.IP +format:txt|raw Format any logged data as ASCII text or raw binary +values. ASCII text dumps include strings of ones and zeroes representing +the binary values in the image data plus identifying headers. +.IP +level:N Specify the level of detail presented in the dump files. +This can vary from dumps of the entire input or output image data to dumps +of data processed by specific functions. Current range of levels is 1 to 3. +.IP +input:full\-path\-to\-directory/input\-dumpname +.IP +output:full\-path\-to\-directory/output\-dumpname +.IP +When dump files are being written, each image will be written to a separate +file with the name built by adding a numeric sequence value to the dumpname +and an extension of .txt for ASCII dumps or .bin for binary dumps. + +The four debug/dump options are independent, though it makes little sense to +specify a dump file without specifying a detail level. +.IP +Note: Tiffcrop may be compiled with -DDEVELMODE to enable additional very + low level debug reporting. +.SH "EXAMPLES" +The following concatenates two files and writes the result using +.SM LZW +encoding: +.RS +.nf +tiffcrop \-c lzw a.tif b.tif result.tif +.fi +.RE +.PP +To convert a G3 1d\-encoded +.SM TIFF +to a single strip of G4\-encoded data the following might be used: +.RS +.nf +tiffcrop \-c g4 \-r 10000 g3.tif g4.tif +.fi +.RE +(1000 is just a number that is larger than the number of rows in +the source file.) + +To extract a selected set of images from a multi\-image TIFF file +use the \-N option described above. Thus, to copy the 1st and 3rd +images of image file "album.tif" to "result.tif": +.RS +.nf +tiffcrop \-N 1,3 album.tif result.tif +.fi +.RE +.PP +Invert a bilevel image scan of a microfilmed document and crop off margins of +0.25 inches on the left and right, 0.5 inch on the top, and 0.75 inch on the +bottom. From the remaining portion of the image, select the second and third +quarters, ie, one half of the area left from the center to each margin. +.RS +tiffcrop \-U in \-m 0.5,0.25,0.75,0.25 \-E left \-Z 2:4,3:4 \-I both MicrofilmNegative.tif MicrofilmPostiveCenter.tif +.fi +.RE +.PP +Extract only the final image of a large Architectural E sized +multipage TIFF file and rotate it 90 degrees clockwise while +reformatting the output to fit on tabloid sized sheets with one +quarter of an inch on each side: +.RS +tiffcrop \-N last \-R 90 \-O auto \-P tabloid \-U in \-J 0.25 \-K 0.25 \-H 300 \-V 300 Big\-PlatMap.tif BigPlatMap\-Tabloid.tif +.fi +.RE +The output images will have a specified resolution of 300 dpi in both +directions. The orientation of each page will be determined by whichever +choice requires the fewest pages. To specify a specific orientation, use +the portrait or landscape option. The paper size option does not resample +the image. It breaks each original image into a series of smaller images +that will fit on the target paper size at the specified resolution. +.fi +.RE +.PP +Extract two regions 2048 pixels wide by 2048 pixels high from each page of +a multi\-page input file and write each region to a separate output file. +.RS +tiffcrop \-U px \-z 1,1,2048,2048:1,2049,2048,4097 \-e separate CheckScans.tiff Check +.fi +.RE +The output file names will use the stem Check with a numeric suffix which is +incremented for each region of each image, eg Check\-001.tiff, Check\-002.tiff ... +Check\-NNN.tiff. To produce a unique file for each page of the input image +with one new image for each region of the input image on that page, change +the export option to \-e multiple. + +.SH "NOTES" +.PP +In general, bilevel, grayscale, palette and RGB(A) data with bit depths +from 1 to 32 bits should work in both interleaved and separate plane +formats. Unlike tiffcp, tiffcrop can read and write tiled images with +bits per sample that are not a multiple of 8 in both interleaved and +separate planar format. Floating point data types are supported at +bit depts of 16, 24, 32 and 64 bits per sample. +.PP +Not all images can be converted from one compression scheme to another. +Data with some photometric interpretations and/or bit depths are tied to +specific compression schemes and vice-versa, e.g. Group 3/4 compression +is only usable for bilevel data. JPEG compression is only useable on 8 +bit per sample data (or 12 bit if +.I LibTIFF +was compiled with 12 bit JPEG support). Support for OJPEG compressed +images is problematic at best. Since OJPEG compression is no longer +supported for writing images with LibTIFF, these images will be updated +to the newer JPEG compression when they are copied or processed. This +may cause the image to appear color shifted or distorted after conversion. +In some cases, it is possible to remove the original compression from +image data using the option -cnone. +.PP +Tiffcrop does not currently provide options to up or downsample data to +different bit depths or convert data from one photometric interpretation +to another, e.g. 16 bits per sample to 8 bits per sample or RGB to grayscale. +.PP +Tiffcrop is very loosely derived from code in +.I tiffcp +with extensive modifications and additions to support the selection of input +images and regions and the exporting of them to one or more output files in +various groupings. The image manipulation routines are entirely new and +additional ones may be added in the future. It will handle tiled images with +bit depths that are not a multiple of eight that tiffcp may refuse to read. +.PP +.I Tiffcrop +was designed to handle large files containing many moderate sized images +with memory usage that is independent of the number of images in the file. +In order to support compression modes that are not based on individual +scanlines, e.g. JPEG, it now reads images by strip or tile rather than by +indvidual scanlines. In addition to the memory required by the input and +output buffers associated with +.I LibTIFF +one or more buffers at least as large as the largest image to be read are +required. The design favors large volume document processing uses over +scientific or graphical manipulation of large datasets as might be found +in research or remote sensing scenarios. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.BR pal2rgb (1), +.BR tiffinfo (1), +.BR tiffcmp (1), +.BR tiffcp (1), +.BR tiffmedian (1), +.BR tiffsplit (1), +.BR libtiff (3TIFF) +.PP +Libtiff library home page: +.BR http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/ + |