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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Calibration vs. Characterization</title>
    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;
      charset=ISO-8859-1">
  </head>
  <body>
    <h2 style="text-decoration: underline; font-weight: bold;">Calibration
vs.

      Characterization<br>
    </h2>
    Some of the terminology can be confusing. Many people are initially
    confused about the difference between <span style="font-weight:
      bold;">Calibration</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">Characterization</span>.<br>
    <h3>What is Calibration ?</h3>
    "Calibration" is a short hand Graphic Arts term for adjusting a
    devices behavior to meet calibration targets.<br>
    Calibration is the process of modifying the color behavior of a
    device. This is typically done using two mechanisms:<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1) Changing controls or internal settings that it
    has.<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2) Applying curves to its color channels.<br>
    <br>
    The idea of calibration is to put a device is a defined state with
    regard to its color response. Often this is used as a day to day
    means of maintaining reproducible behavior. Calibration is often the
    most practical way of setting parameters such as white point and
    brightness of displays. Typically calibration will be stored in
    device or systems specific file formats that record the device
    settings and/or per channel calibration curves.<br>
    <h3>What is Characterization ?</h3>
    Characterization (or <span style="font-weight: bold;">profiling</span>)
    is <span style="text-decoration: underline;">recording</span> the
    way a device reproduces or responds to color. Typically the result
    is stored in a device <span style="font-weight: bold;">ICC</span>
    profile. Such a profile does not in itself modify color in any way.
    What it does is allow a system such as a CMM (Color Management
    Module) or color aware application to modify color when combined
    with another device profile. Only by knowing the characteristics of
    two devices or colorspaces, can a way of transferring color from one
    device representation to another be achieved.<br>
    <br>
    Note that a characterization (profile) will only be valid for a
    device if it is in the same state of calibration as it was when it
    was characterized.<br>
    <h3>What about display calibration and profiles ?</h3>
    In the case of display profiles there is some additional confusion
    because often the <span style="font-weight: bold;">calibration</span>
    information is stored in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">profile</span>
    for convenience. By convention it is stored in a tag called the
    'vcgt' tag. Although it is stored in the profile, none of the normal
    <span style="font-weight: bold;">ICC</span> based tools or
    applications are aware of it, or do anything with it, it is just
    "along for the ride". Similarly, typical display calibration tools
    and applications will not be aware of, or do anything with the ICC
    characterization (profile) information.<br>
    <br>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>