This is libunistring.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from libunistring.texi. INFO-DIR-SECTION Software development START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * GNU libunistring: (libunistring). Unicode string library. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY This manual is for GNU libunistring.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Up: (dir) GNU libunistring **************** * Menu: * Introduction:: Who may need Unicode strings? * Conventions:: Conventions used in this manual * unitypes.h:: Elementary types * unistr.h:: Elementary Unicode string functions * uniconv.h:: Conversions between Unicode and encodings * unistdio.h:: Output with Unicode strings * uniname.h:: Names of Unicode characters * unictype.h:: Unicode character classification and properties * uniwidth.h:: Display width * uniwbrk.h:: Word breaks in strings * unilbrk.h:: Line breaking * uninorm.h:: Normalization forms * unicase.h:: Case mappings * uniregex.h:: Regular expressions * Using the library:: How to link with the library and use it? * More functionality:: More advanced functionality * Licenses:: Licenses * Index:: General Index --- The Detailed Node Listing --- Introduction * Unicode:: What is Unicode? * Unicode and i18n:: Unicode and internationalization * Locale encodings:: What is a locale encoding? * In-memory representation:: How to represent strings in memory? * char * strings:: What to keep in mind with `char *' strings * The wchar_t mess:: Why `wchar_t *' strings are useless * Unicode strings:: How are Unicode strings represented? unistr.h * Elementary string checks:: * Elementary string conversions:: * Elementary string functions:: * Elementary string functions with memory allocation:: * Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings:: unictype.h * General category:: * Canonical combining class:: * Bidirectional category:: * Decimal digit value:: * Digit value:: * Numeric value:: * Mirrored character:: * Properties:: * Scripts:: * Blocks:: * ISO C and Java syntax:: * Classifications like in ISO C:: General category * Object oriented API:: * Bit mask API:: Properties * Properties as objects:: * Properties as functions:: uniwbrk.h * Word breaks in a string:: * Word break property:: uninorm.h * Decomposition of characters:: * Composition of characters:: * Normalization of strings:: * Normalizing comparisons:: * Normalization of streams:: unicase,h * Case mappings of characters:: * Case mappings of strings:: * Case mappings of substrings:: * Case insensitive comparison:: * Case detection:: Using the library * Installation:: * Compiler options:: * Include files:: * Autoconf macro:: * Reporting problems:: Licenses * GNU GPL:: GNU General Public License * GNU LGPL:: GNU Lesser General Public License * GNU FDL:: GNU Free Documentation License  File: libunistring.info, Node: Introduction, Next: Conventions, Prev: Top, Up: Top 1 Introduction ************** This library provides functions for manipulating Unicode strings and for manipulating C strings according to the Unicode standard. It consists of the following parts: `' elementary string functions `' conversion from/to legacy encodings `' formatted output to strings `' character names `' character classification and properties `' string width when using nonproportional fonts `' word breaks `' line breaking algorithm `' normalization (composition and decomposition) `' case folding `' regular expressions (not yet implemented) libunistring is for you if your application involves non-trivial text processing, such as upper/lower case conversions, line breaking, operations on words, or more advanced analysis of text. Text provided by the user can, in general, contain characters of all kinds of scripts. The text processing functions provided by this library handle all scripts and all languages. libunistring is for you if your application already uses the ISO C / POSIX `', `' functions and the text it operates on is provided by the user and can be in any language. libunistring is also for you if your application uses Unicode strings as internal in-memory representation. * Menu: * Unicode:: What is Unicode? * Unicode and i18n:: Unicode and internationalization * Locale encodings:: What is a locale encoding? * In-memory representation:: How to represent strings in memory? * char * strings:: What to keep in mind with `char *' strings * The wchar_t mess:: Why `wchar_t *' strings are useless * Unicode strings:: How are Unicode strings represented?  File: libunistring.info, Node: Unicode, Next: Unicode and i18n, Up: Introduction 1.1 Unicode =========== Unicode is a standardized repertoire of characters that contains characters from all scripts of the world, from Latin letters to Chinese ideographs and Babylonian cuneiform glyphs. It also specifies how these characters are to be rendered on a screen or on paper, and how common text processing (word selection, line breaking, uppercasing of page titles etc.) is supposed to behave on Unicode text. Unicode also specifies three ways of storing sequences of Unicode characters in a computer whose basic unit of data is an 8-bit byte: UTF-8 Every character is represented as 1 to 4 bytes. UTF-16 Every character is represented as 1 to 2 units of 16 bits. UTF-32, a.k.a. UCS-4 Every character is represented as 1 unit of 32 bits. For encoding Unicode text in a file, UTF-8 is usually used. For encoding Unicode strings in memory for a program, either of the three encoding forms can be reasonably used. Unicode is widely used on the web. Prior to the use of Unicode, web pages were in many different encodings (ISO-8859-1 for English, French, Spanish, ISO-8859-2 for Polish, ISO-8859-7 for Greek, KOI8-R for Russian, GB2312 or BIG5 for Chinese, ISO-2022-JP-2 or EUC-JP or Shift_JIS for Japanese, and many many others). It was next to impossible to create a document that contained Chinese and Polish text in the same document. Due to the many encodings for Japanese, even the processing of pure Japanese text was error prone. References: * The Unicode standard: `http://www.unicode.org/' * Definition of UTF-8: `http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt' * Definition of UTF-16: `http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2781.txt' * Markus Kuhn's UTF-8 and Unicode FAQ: `http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html'  File: libunistring.info, Node: Unicode and i18n, Next: Locale encodings, Prev: Unicode, Up: Introduction 1.2 Unicode and Internationalization ==================================== Internationalization is the process of changing the source code of a program so that it can meet the expectations of users in any culture, if culture specific data (translations, images etc.) are provided. Use of Unicode is not strictly required for internationalization, but it makes internationalization much easier, because operations that need to look at specific characters (like hyphenation, spell checking, or the automatic conversion of double-quotes to opening and closing double-quote characters) don't need to consider multiple possible encodings of the text. Use of Unicode also enables multilingualization: the ability of having text in multiple languages present in the same document or even in the same line of text. But use of Unicode is not everything. Internationalization usually consists of three features: * Use of Unicode where needed for text processing. This is what this library is for. * Use of message catalogs for messages shown to the user, This is what GNU gettext is about. * Use of locale specific conventions for date and time formats, for numeric formatting, or for sorting of text. This can be done adequately with the POSIX APIs and the implementation of locales in the GNU C library.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Locale encodings, Next: In-memory representation, Prev: Unicode and i18n, Up: Introduction 1.3 Locale encodings ==================== A locale is a set of cultural conventions. According to POSIX, for a program, at any moment, there is one locale being designated as the "current locale". (Actually, POSIX supports also one locale per thread, but this feature is not yet universally implemented and not widely used.) The locale is partitioned into several aspects, called the "categories" of the locale. The main various aspects are: * The character encoding and the character properties. This is the `LC_CTYPE' category. * The sorting rules for text. This is the `LC_COLLATE' category. * The language specific translations of messages. This is the `LC_MESSAGES' category. * The formatting rules for numbers, such as the decimal separator. This is the `LC_NUMERIC' category. * The formatting rules for amounts of money. This is the `LC_MONETARY' category. * The formatting of date and time. This is the `LC_TIME' category. In particular, the `LC_CTYPE' category of the current locale determines the character encoding. This is the encoding of `char *' strings. We also call it the "locale encoding". GNU libunistring has a function, `locale_charset', that returns a standardized (platform independent) name for this encoding. All locale encodings used on glibc systems are essentially ASCII compatible: Most graphic ASCII characters have the same representation, as a single byte, in that encoding as in ASCII. Among the possible locale encodings are UTF-8 and GB18030. Both allow to represent any Unicode character as a sequence of bytes. UTF-8 is used in most of the world, whereas GB18030 is used in the People's Republic of China, because it is backward compatible with the GB2312 encoding that was used in this country earlier. The legacy locale encodings, ISO-8859-15 (which supplanted ISO-8859-1 in most of Europe), ISO-8859-2, KOI8-R, EUC-JP, etc., are still in use in many places, though. UTF-16 and UTF-32 are not used as locale encodings, because they are not ASCII compatible.  File: libunistring.info, Node: In-memory representation, Next: char * strings, Prev: Locale encodings, Up: Introduction 1.4 Choice of in-memory representation of strings ================================================= There are three ways of representing strings in memory of a running program. * As `char *' strings. Such strings are represented in locale encoding. This approach is employed when not much text processing is done by the program. When some Unicode aware processing is to be done, a string is converted to Unicode on the fly and back to locale encoding afterwards. * As UTF-8 or UTF-16 or UTF-32 strings. This implies that conversion from locale encoding to Unicode is performed on input, and in the opposite direction on output. This approach is employed when the program does a significant amount of text processing, or when the program has multiple threads operating on the same data but in different locales. * As `wchar_t *', a.k.a. "wide strings". This approach is misguided, see *note The wchar_t mess::.  File: libunistring.info, Node: char * strings, Next: The wchar_t mess, Prev: In-memory representation, Up: Introduction 1.5 `char *' strings ==================== The classical C strings, with its C library support standardized by ISO C and POSIX, can be used in internationalized programs with some precautions. The problem with this API is that many of the C library functions for strings don't work correctly on strings in locale encodings, leading to bugs that only people in some cultures of the world will experience. The first problem with the C library API is the support of multibyte locales. According to the locale encoding, in general, every character is represented by one or more bytes (up to 4 bytes in practice -- but use `MB_LEN_MAX' instead of the number 4 in the code). When every character is represented by only 1 byte, we speak of an "unibyte locale", otherwise of a "multibyte locale". It is important to realize that the majority of Unix installations nowadays use UTF-8 or GB18030 as locale encoding; therefore, the majority of users are using multibyte locales. The important fact to remember is: _A `char' is a byte, not a character._ As a consequence: * The `' API is useless in this context; it does not work in multibyte locales. * The `strlen' function does not return the number of characters in a string. Nor does it return the number of screen columns occupied by a string after it is output. It merely returns the number of _bytes_ occupied by a string. * Truncating a string, for example, with `strncpy', can have the effect of truncating it in the middle of a multibyte character. Such a string will, when output, have a garbled character at its end, often represented by a hollow box. * `strchr' and `strrchr' do not work with multibyte strings if the locale encoding is GB18030 and the character to be searched is a digit. * `strstr' does not work with multibyte strings if the locale encoding is different from UTF-8. * `strcspn', `strpbrk', `strspn' cannot work correctly in multibyte locales: they assume the second argument is a list of single-byte characters. Even in this simple case, they do not work with multibyte strings if the locale encoding is GB18030 and one of the characters to be searched is a digit. * `strsep' and `strtok_r' do not work with multibyte strings unless all of the delimiter characters are ASCII characters < 0x30. * The `strcasecmp', `strncasecmp', and `strcasestr' functions do not work with multibyte strings. The workarounds can be found in GNU gnulib `http://www.gnu.org/software/gnulib/'. * gnulib has modules `mbchar', `mbiter', `mbuiter' that represent multibyte characters and allow to iterate across a multibyte string with the same ease as through a unibyte string. * gnulib has functions `mbslen' and `mbswidth' that can be used instead of `strlen' when the number of characters or the number of screen columns of a string is requested. * gnulib has functions `mbschr' and `mbsrrchr' that are like `strchr' and `strrchr', but work in multibyte locales. * gnulib has a function `mbsstr', like `strstr', but works in multibyte locales. * gnulib has functions `mbscspn', `mbspbrk', `mbsspn' that are like `strcspn', `strpbrk', `strspn', but work in multibyte locales. * gnulib has functions `mbssep' and `mbstok_r' that are like `strsep' and `strtok_r' but work in multibyte locales. * gnulib has functions `mbscasecmp', `mbsncasecmp', `mbspcasecmp', and `mbscasestr' that are like `strcasecmp', `strncasecmp', and `strcasestr', but work in multibyte locales. Still, the function `ulc_casecmp' is preferable to these functions; see below. The second problem with the C library API is that it has some assumptions built-in that are not valid in some languages: * It assumes that there are only two forms of every character: uppercase and lowercase. This is not true for Croatian, where the character LETTER DZ WITH CARON comes in three forms: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DZ WITH CARON (DZ), LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON (Dz), LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ WITH CARON (dz). * It assumes that uppercasing of 1 character leads to 1 character. This is not true for German, where the LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S, when uppercased, becomes `SS'. * It assumes that there is 1:1 mapping between uppercase and lowercase forms. This is not true for the Greek sigma: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA is the uppercase of both GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA and GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA. * It assumes that the upper/lowercase mappings are position independent. This is not true for the Greek sigma and the Lithuanian i. The correct way to deal with this problem is 1. to provide functions for titlecasing, as well as for upper- and lowercasing, 2. to view case transformations as functions that operates on strings, rather than on characters. This is implemented in this library, through the functions declared in `', see *note unicase.h::.  File: libunistring.info, Node: The wchar_t mess, Next: Unicode strings, Prev: char * strings, Up: Introduction 1.6 The `wchar_t' mess ====================== The ISO C and POSIX standard creators made an attempt to fix the first problem mentioned in the previous section. They introduced * a type `wchar_t', designed to encapsulate an entire character, * a "wide string" type `wchar_t *', and * functions declared in `' that were meant to supplant the ones in `'. Unfortunately, this API and its implementation has numerous problems: * On AIX and Windows platforms, `wchar_t' is a 16-bit type. This means that it can never accommodate an entire Unicode character. Either the `wchar_t *' strings are limited to characters in UCS-2 (the "Basic Multilingual Plane" of Unicode), or -- if `wchar_t *' strings are encoded in UTF-16 -- a `wchar_t' represents only half of a character in the worst case, making the `' functions pointless. * On Solaris and FreeBSD, the `wchar_t' encoding is locale dependent and undocumented. This means, if you want to know any property of a `wchar_t' character, other than the properties defined by `' -- such as whether it's a dash, currency symbol, paragraph separator, or similar --, you have to convert it to `char *' encoding first, by use of the function `wctomb'. * When you read a stream of wide characters, through the functions `fgetwc' and `fgetws', and when the input stream/file is not in the expected encoding, you have no way to determine the invalid byte sequence and do some corrective action. If you use these functions, your program becomes "garbage in - more garbage out" or "garbage in - abort". As a consequence, it is better to use multibyte strings, as explained in the previous section. Such multibyte strings can bypass limitations of the `wchar_t' type, if you use functions defined in gnulib and libunistring for text processing. They can also faithfully transport malformed characters that were present in the input, without requiring the program to produce garbage or abort.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Unicode strings, Prev: The wchar_t mess, Up: Introduction 1.7 Unicode strings =================== libunistring supports Unicode strings in three representations: * UTF-8 strings, through the type `uint8_t *'. The units are bytes (`uint8_t'). * UTF-16 strings, through the type `uint16_t *', The units are 16-bit memory words (`uint16_t'). * UTF-32 strings, through the type `uint32_t *'. The units are 32-bit memory words (`uint32_t'). As with C strings, there are two variants: * Unicode strings with a terminating NUL character are represented as a pointer to the first unit of the string. There is a unit containing a 0 value at the end. It is considered part of the string for all memory allocation purposes, but is not considered part of the string for all other logical purposes. * Unicode strings where embedded NUL characters are allowed. These are represented by a pointer to the first unit and the number of units (not bytes!) of the string. In this setting, there is no trailing zero-valued unit used as "end marker".  File: libunistring.info, Node: Conventions, Next: unitypes.h, Prev: Introduction, Up: Top 2 Conventions ************* This chapter explains conventions valid throughout the libunistring library. Variables of type `char *' denote C strings in locale encoding. See *note Locale encodings::. Variables of type `uint8_t *' denote UTF-8 strings. Their units are bytes. Variables of type `uint16_t *' denote UTF-16 strings, without byte order mark. Their units are 2-byte words. Variables of type `uint32_t *' denote UTF-32 strings, without byte order mark. Their units are 4-byte words. Argument pairs `(S, N)' denote a string `S[0..N-1]' with exactly N units. All functions with prefix `ulc_' operate on C strings in locale encoding. All functions with prefix `u8_' operate on UTF-8 strings. All functions with prefix `u16_' operate on UTF-16 strings. All functions with prefix `u32_' operate on UTF-32 strings. For every function with prefix `u8_', operating on UTF-8 strings, there is also a corresponding function with prefix `u16_', operating on UTF-16 strings, and a corresponding function with prefix `u32_', operating on UTF-32 strings. Their description is analogous; in this documentation we describe only the function that operates on UTF-8 strings, for brevity. A declaration with a variable N denotes the three concrete declarations with N = 8, N = 16, N = 32. All parameters starting with `str' and the parameters of functions starting with `u8_str'/`u16_str'/`u32_str' denote a NUL terminated string. Error values are always returned through the `errno' variable, usually with a return value that indicates the presence of an error (NULL for functions that return an pointer, or -1 for functions that return an `int'). Functions returning a string result take a `(RESULTBUF, LENGTHP)' argument pair. If RESULTBUF is not NULL and the result fits into `*LENGTHP' units, it is put in RESULTBUF, and RESULTBUF is returned. Otherwise, a freshly allocated string is returned. In both cases, `*LENGTHP' is set to the length (number of units) of the returned string. In case of error, NULL is returned and `errno' is set.  File: libunistring.info, Node: unitypes.h, Next: unistr.h, Prev: Conventions, Up: Top 3 Elementary types `' ********************************* The include file `' provides the following basic types. -- Type: uint8_t -- Type: uint16_t -- Type: uint32_t These are the storage units of UTF-8/16/32 strings, respectively. The definitions are taken from `', on platforms where this include file is present. -- Type: ucs4_t This type represents a single Unicode character, outside of an UTF-32 string.  File: libunistring.info, Node: unistr.h, Next: uniconv.h, Prev: unitypes.h, Up: Top 4 Elementary Unicode string functions `' ************************************************** This include file declares elementary functions for Unicode strings. It is essentially the equivalent of what `' is for C strings. * Menu: * Elementary string checks:: * Elementary string conversions:: * Elementary string functions:: * Elementary string functions with memory allocation:: * Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings::  File: libunistring.info, Node: Elementary string checks, Next: Elementary string conversions, Up: unistr.h 4.1 Elementary string checks ============================ The following function is available to verify the integrity of a Unicode string. -- Function: const uint8_t * u8_check (const uint8_t *S, size_t N) -- Function: const uint16_t * u16_check (const uint16_t *S, size_t N) -- Function: const uint32_t * u32_check (const uint32_t *S, size_t N) This function checks whether a Unicode string is well-formed. It returns NULL if valid, or a pointer to the first invalid unit otherwise.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Elementary string conversions, Next: Elementary string functions, Prev: Elementary string checks, Up: unistr.h 4.2 Elementary string conversions ================================= The following functions perform conversions between the different forms of Unicode strings. -- Function: uint16_t * u8_to_u16 (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, uint16_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Converts an UTF-8 string to an UTF-16 string. -- Function: uint32_t * u8_to_u32 (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, uint32_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Converts an UTF-8 string to an UTF-32 string. -- Function: uint8_t * u16_to_u8 (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, uint8_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Converts an UTF-16 string to an UTF-8 string. -- Function: uint32_t * u16_to_u32 (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, uint32_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Converts an UTF-16 string to an UTF-32 string. -- Function: uint8_t * u32_to_u8 (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, uint8_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Converts an UTF-32 string to an UTF-8 string. -- Function: uint16_t * u32_to_u16 (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, uint16_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Converts an UTF-32 string to an UTF-16 string.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Elementary string functions, Next: Elementary string functions with memory allocation, Prev: Elementary string conversions, Up: unistr.h 4.3 Elementary string functions =============================== The following functions inspect and return details about the first character in a Unicode string. -- Function: int u8_mblen (const uint8_t *S, size_t N) -- Function: int u16_mblen (const uint16_t *S, size_t N) -- Function: int u32_mblen (const uint32_t *S, size_t N) Returns the length (number of units) of the first character in S, which is no longer than N. Returns 0 if it is the NUL character. Returns -1 upon failure. This function is similar to `mblen', except that it operates on a Unicode string and that S must not be NULL. -- Function: int u8_mbtouc_unsafe (ucs4_t *PUC, const uint8_t *S, size_t N) -- Function: int u16_mbtouc_unsafe (ucs4_t *PUC, const uint16_t *S, size_t N) -- Function: int u32_mbtouc_unsafe (ucs4_t *PUC, const uint32_t *S, size_t N) Returns the length (number of units) of the first character in S, putting its `ucs4_t' representation in `*PUC'. Upon failure, `*PUC' is set to `0xfffd', and an appropriate number of units is returned. The number of available units, N, must be > 0. This function is similar to `mbtowc', except that it operates on a Unicode string, PUC and S must not be NULL, N must be > 0, and the NUL character is not treated specially. -- Function: int u8_mbtouc (ucs4_t *PUC, const uint8_t *S, size_t N) -- Function: int u16_mbtouc (ucs4_t *PUC, const uint16_t *S, size_t N) -- Function: int u32_mbtouc (ucs4_t *PUC, const uint32_t *S, size_t N) This function is like `u8_mbtouc_unsafe', except that it will detect an invalid UTF-8 character, even if the library is compiled without `--enable-safety'. -- Function: int u8_mbtoucr (ucs4_t *PUC, const uint8_t *S, size_t N) -- Function: int u16_mbtoucr (ucs4_t *PUC, const uint16_t *S, size_t N) -- Function: int u32_mbtoucr (ucs4_t *PUC, const uint32_t *S, size_t N) Returns the length (number of units) of the first character in S, putting its `ucs4_t' representation in `*PUC'. Upon failure, `*PUC' is set to `0xfffd', and -1 is returned for an invalid sequence of units, -2 is returned for an incomplete sequence of units. The number of available units, N, must be > 0. This function is similar to `u8_mbtouc', except that the return value gives more details about the failure, similar to `mbrtowc'. The following function stores a Unicode character as a Unicode string in memory. -- Function: int u8_uctomb (uint8_t *S, ucs4_t UC, int N) -- Function: int u16_uctomb (uint16_t *S, ucs4_t UC, int N) -- Function: int u32_uctomb (uint32_t *S, ucs4_t UC, int N) Puts the multibyte character represented by UC in S, returning its length. Returns -1 upon failure, -2 if the number of available units, N, is too small. The latter case cannot occur if N >= 6/2/1, respectively. This function is similar to `wctomb', except that it operates on a Unicode strings, S must not be NULL, and the argument N must be specified. The following functions copy Unicode strings in memory. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_cpy (uint8_t *DEST, const uint8_t *SRC, size_t N) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_cpy (uint16_t *DEST, const uint16_t *SRC, size_t N) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_cpy (uint32_t *DEST, const uint32_t *SRC, size_t N) Copies N units from SRC to DEST. This function is similar to `memcpy', except that it operates on Unicode strings. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_move (uint8_t *DEST, const uint8_t *SRC, size_t N) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_move (uint16_t *DEST, const uint16_t *SRC, size_t N) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_move (uint32_t *DEST, const uint32_t *SRC, size_t N) Copies N units from SRC to DEST, guaranteeing correct behavior for overlapping memory areas. This function is similar to `memmove', except that it operates on Unicode strings. The following function fills a Unicode string. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_set (uint8_t *S, ucs4_t UC, size_t N) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_set (uint16_t *S, ucs4_t UC, size_t N) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_set (uint32_t *S, ucs4_t UC, size_t N) Sets the first N characters of S to UC. UC should be a character that occupies only 1 unit. This function is similar to `memset', except that it operates on Unicode strings. The following function compares two Unicode strings of the same length. -- Function: int u8_cmp (const uint8_t *S1, const uint8_t *S2, size_t N) -- Function: int u16_cmp (const uint16_t *S1, const uint16_t *S2, size_t N) -- Function: int u32_cmp (const uint32_t *S1, const uint32_t *S2, size_t N) Compares S1 and S2, each of length N, lexicographically. Returns a negative value if S1 compares smaller than S2, a positive value if S1 compares larger than S2, or 0 if they compare equal. This function is similar to `memcmp', except that it operates on Unicode strings. The following function compares two Unicode strings of possibly different lengths. -- Function: int u8_cmp2 (const uint8_t *S1, size_t N1, const uint8_t *S2, size_t N2) -- Function: int u16_cmp2 (const uint16_t *S1, size_t N1, const uint16_t *S2, size_t N2) -- Function: int u32_cmp2 (const uint32_t *S1, size_t N1, const uint32_t *S2, size_t N2) Compares S1 and S2, lexicographically. Returns a negative value if S1 compares smaller than S2, a positive value if S1 compares larger than S2, or 0 if they compare equal. This function is similar to the gnulib function `memcmp2', except that it operates on Unicode strings. The following function searches for a given Unicode character. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_chr (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, ucs4_t UC) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_chr (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, ucs4_t UC) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_chr (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, ucs4_t UC) Searches the string at S for UC. Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of UC in S, or NULL if UC does not occur in S. This function is similar to `memchr', except that it operates on Unicode strings. The following function counts the number of Unicode characters. -- Function: size_t u8_mbsnlen (const uint8_t *S, size_t N) -- Function: size_t u16_mbsnlen (const uint16_t *S, size_t N) -- Function: size_t u32_mbsnlen (const uint32_t *S, size_t N) Counts and returns the number of Unicode characters in the N units from S. This function is similar to the gnulib function `mbsnlen', except that it operates on Unicode strings.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Elementary string functions with memory allocation, Next: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings, Prev: Elementary string functions, Up: unistr.h 4.4 Elementary string functions with memory allocation ====================================================== The following function copies a Unicode string. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_cpy_alloc (const uint8_t *S, size_t N) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_cpy_alloc (const uint16_t *S, size_t N) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_cpy_alloc (const uint32_t *S, size_t N) Makes a freshly allocated copy of S, of length N.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings, Prev: Elementary string functions with memory allocation, Up: unistr.h 4.5 Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings ========================================================= The following functions inspect and return details about the first character in a Unicode string. -- Function: int u8_strmblen (const uint8_t *S) -- Function: int u16_strmblen (const uint16_t *S) -- Function: int u32_strmblen (const uint32_t *S) Returns the length (number of units) of the first character in S. Returns 0 if it is the NUL character. Returns -1 upon failure. -- Function: int u8_strmbtouc (ucs4_t *PUC, const uint8_t *S) -- Function: int u16_strmbtouc (ucs4_t *PUC, const uint16_t *S) -- Function: int u32_strmbtouc (ucs4_t *PUC, const uint32_t *S) Returns the length (number of units) of the first character in S, putting its `ucs4_t' representation in `*PUC'. Returns 0 if it is the NUL character. Returns -1 upon failure. -- Function: const uint8_t * u8_next (ucs4_t *PUC, const uint8_t *S) -- Function: const uint16_t * u16_next (ucs4_t *PUC, const uint16_t *S) -- Function: const uint32_t * u32_next (ucs4_t *PUC, const uint32_t *S) Forward iteration step. Advances the pointer past the next character, or returns NULL if the end of the string has been reached. Puts the character's `ucs4_t' representation in `*PUC'. The following function inspects and returns details about the previous character in a Unicode string. -- Function: const uint8_t * u8_prev (ucs4_t *PUC, const uint8_t *S, const uint8_t *START) -- Function: const uint16_t * u16_prev (ucs4_t *PUC, const uint16_t *S, const uint16_t *START) -- Function: const uint32_t * u32_prev (ucs4_t *PUC, const uint32_t *S, const uint32_t *START) Backward iteration step. Advances the pointer to point to the previous character, or returns NULL if the beginning of the string had been reached. Puts the character's `ucs4_t' representation in `*PUC'. The following functions determine the length of a Unicode string. -- Function: size_t u8_strlen (const uint8_t *S) -- Function: size_t u16_strlen (const uint16_t *S) -- Function: size_t u32_strlen (const uint32_t *S) Returns the number of units in S. This function is similar to `strlen' and `wcslen', except that it operates on Unicode strings. -- Function: size_t u8_strnlen (const uint8_t *S, size_t MAXLEN) -- Function: size_t u16_strnlen (const uint16_t *S, size_t MAXLEN) -- Function: size_t u32_strnlen (const uint32_t *S, size_t MAXLEN) Returns the number of units in S, but at most MAXLEN. This function is similar to `strnlen' and `wcsnlen', except that it operates on Unicode strings. The following functions copy portions of Unicode strings in memory. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_strcpy (uint8_t *DEST, const uint8_t *SRC) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_strcpy (uint16_t *DEST, const uint16_t *SRC) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_strcpy (uint32_t *DEST, const uint32_t *SRC) Copies SRC to DEST. This function is similar to `strcpy' and `wcscpy', except that it operates on Unicode strings. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_stpcpy (uint8_t *DEST, const uint8_t *SRC) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_stpcpy (uint16_t *DEST, const uint16_t *SRC) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_stpcpy (uint32_t *DEST, const uint32_t *SRC) Copies SRC to DEST, returning the address of the terminating NUL in DEST. This function is similar to `stpcpy', except that it operates on Unicode strings. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_strncpy (uint8_t *DEST, const uint8_t *SRC, size_t N) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_strncpy (uint16_t *DEST, const uint16_t *SRC, size_t N) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_strncpy (uint32_t *DEST, const uint32_t *SRC, size_t N) Copies no more than N units of SRC to DEST. This function is similar to `strncpy' and `wcsncpy', except that it operates on Unicode strings. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_stpncpy (uint8_t *DEST, const uint8_t *SRC, size_t N) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_stpncpy (uint16_t *DEST, const uint16_t *SRC, size_t N) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_stpncpy (uint32_t *DEST, const uint32_t *SRC, size_t N) Copies no more than N units of SRC to DEST, returning the address of the last unit written into DEST. This function is similar to `stpncpy', except that it operates on Unicode strings. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_strcat (uint8_t *DEST, const uint8_t *SRC) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_strcat (uint16_t *DEST, const uint16_t *SRC) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_strcat (uint32_t *DEST, const uint32_t *SRC) Appends SRC onto DEST. This function is similar to `strcat' and `wcscat', except that it operates on Unicode strings. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_strncat (uint8_t *DEST, const uint8_t *SRC, size_t N) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_strncat (uint16_t *DEST, const uint16_t *SRC, size_t N) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_strncat (uint32_t *DEST, const uint32_t *SRC, size_t N) Appends no more than N units of SRC onto DEST. This function is similar to `strncat' and `wcsncat', except that it operates on Unicode strings. The following functions compare two Unicode strings. -- Function: int u8_strcmp (const uint8_t *S1, const uint8_t *S2) -- Function: int u16_strcmp (const uint16_t *S1, const uint16_t *S2) -- Function: int u32_strcmp (const uint32_t *S1, const uint32_t *S2) Compares S1 and S2, lexicographically. Returns a negative value if S1 compares smaller than S2, a positive value if S1 compares larger than S2, or 0 if they compare equal. This function is similar to `strcmp' and `wcscmp', except that it operates on Unicode strings. -- Function: int u8_strcoll (const uint8_t *S1, const uint8_t *S2) -- Function: int u16_strcoll (const uint16_t *S1, const uint16_t *S2) -- Function: int u32_strcoll (const uint32_t *S1, const uint32_t *S2) Compares S1 and S2 using the collation rules of the current locale. Returns -1 if S1 < S2, 0 if S1 = S2, 1 if S1 > S2. Upon failure, sets `errno' and returns any value. This function is similar to `strcoll' and `wcscoll', except that it operates on Unicode strings. Note that this function may consider different canonical normalizations of the same string as having a large distance. It is therefore better to use the function `u8_normcoll' instead of this one; see *note uninorm.h::. -- Function: int u8_strncmp (const uint8_t *S1, const uint8_t *S2, size_t N) -- Function: int u16_strncmp (const uint16_t *S1, const uint16_t *S2, size_t N) -- Function: int u32_strncmp (const uint32_t *S1, const uint32_t *S2, size_t N) Compares no more than N units of S1 and S2. This function is similar to `strncmp' and `wcsncmp', except that it operates on Unicode strings. The following function allocates a duplicate of a Unicode string. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_strdup (const uint8_t *S) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_strdup (const uint16_t *S) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_strdup (const uint32_t *S) Duplicates S, returning an identical malloc'd string. This function is similar to `strdup' and `wcsdup', except that it operates on Unicode strings. The following functions search for a given Unicode character. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_strchr (const uint8_t *STR, ucs4_t UC) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_strchr (const uint16_t *STR, ucs4_t UC) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_strchr (const uint32_t *STR, ucs4_t UC) Finds the first occurrence of UC in STR. This function is similar to `strchr' and `wcschr', except that it operates on Unicode strings. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_strrchr (const uint8_t *STR, ucs4_t UC) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_strrchr (const uint16_t *STR, ucs4_t UC) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_strrchr (const uint32_t *STR, ucs4_t UC) Finds the last occurrence of UC in STR. This function is similar to `strrchr' and `wcsrchr', except that it operates on Unicode strings. The following functions search for the first occurrence of some Unicode character in or outside a given set of Unicode characters. -- Function: size_t u8_strcspn (const uint8_t *STR, const uint8_t *REJECT) -- Function: size_t u16_strcspn (const uint16_t *STR, const uint16_t *REJECT) -- Function: size_t u32_strcspn (const uint32_t *STR, const uint32_t *REJECT) Returns the length of the initial segment of STR which consists entirely of Unicode characters not in REJECT. This function is similar to `strcspn' and `wcscspn', except that it operates on Unicode strings. -- Function: size_t u8_strspn (const uint8_t *STR, const uint8_t *ACCEPT) -- Function: size_t u16_strspn (const uint16_t *STR, const uint16_t *ACCEPT) -- Function: size_t u32_strspn (const uint32_t *STR, const uint32_t *ACCEPT) Returns the length of the initial segment of STR which consists entirely of Unicode characters in ACCEPT. This function is similar to `strspn' and `wcsspn', except that it operates on Unicode strings. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_strpbrk (const uint8_t *STR, const uint8_t *ACCEPT) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_strpbrk (const uint16_t *STR, const uint16_t *ACCEPT) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_strpbrk (const uint32_t *STR, const uint32_t *ACCEPT) Finds the first occurrence in STR of any character in ACCEPT. This function is similar to `strpbrk' and `wcspbrk', except that it operates on Unicode strings. The following functions search whether a given Unicode string is a substring of another Unicode string. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_strstr (const uint8_t *HAYSTACK, const uint8_t *NEEDLE) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_strstr (const uint16_t *HAYSTACK, const uint16_t *NEEDLE) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_strstr (const uint32_t *HAYSTACK, const uint32_t *NEEDLE) Finds the first occurrence of NEEDLE in HAYSTACK. This function is similar to `strstr' and `wcsstr', except that it operates on Unicode strings. -- Function: bool u8_startswith (const uint8_t *STR, const uint8_t *PREFIX) -- Function: bool u16_startswith (const uint16_t *STR, const uint16_t *PREFIX) -- Function: bool u32_startswith (const uint32_t *STR, const uint32_t *PREFIX) Tests whether STR starts with PREFIX. -- Function: bool u8_endswith (const uint8_t *STR, const uint8_t *SUFFIX) -- Function: bool u16_endswith (const uint16_t *STR, const uint16_t *SUFFIX) -- Function: bool u32_endswith (const uint32_t *STR, const uint32_t *SUFFIX) Tests whether STR ends with SUFFIX. The following function does one step in tokenizing a Unicode string. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_strtok (uint8_t *STR, const uint8_t *DELIM, uint8_t **PTR) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_strtok (uint16_t *STR, const uint16_t *DELIM, uint16_t **PTR) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_strtok (uint32_t *STR, const uint32_t *DELIM, uint32_t **PTR) Divides STR into tokens separated by characters in DELIM. This function is similar to `strtok_r' and `wcstok', except that it operates on Unicode strings. Its interface is actually more similar to `wcstok' than to `strtok'.  File: libunistring.info, Node: uniconv.h, Next: unistdio.h, Prev: unistr.h, Up: Top 5 Conversions between Unicode and encodings `' ********************************************************* This include file declares functions for converting between Unicode strings and `char *' strings in locale encoding or in other specified encodings. The following function returns the locale encoding. -- Function: const char * locale_charset () Determines the current locale's character encoding, and canonicalizes it into one of the canonical names listed in `config.charset'. If the canonical name cannot be determined, the result is a non-canonical name. The result must not be freed; it is statically allocated. The result of this function can be used as an argument to the `iconv_open' function in GNU libc, in GNU libiconv, or in the gnulib provided wrapper around the native `iconv_open' function. It may not work as an argument to the native `iconv_open' function directly. The handling of unconvertible characters during the conversions can be parametrized through the following enumeration type: -- Type: enum iconv_ilseq_handler This type specifies how unconvertible characters in the input are handled. -- Constant: enum iconv_ilseq_handler iconveh_error This handler causes the function to return with `errno' set to `EILSEQ'. -- Constant: enum iconv_ilseq_handler iconveh_question_mark This handler produces one question mark `?' per unconvertible character. -- Constant: enum iconv_ilseq_handler iconveh_escape_sequence This handler produces an escape sequence `\uXXXX' or `\UXXXXXXXX' for each unconvertible character. The following functions convert between strings in a specified encoding and Unicode strings. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_conv_from_encoding (const char *FROMCODE, enum iconv_ilseq_handler HANDLER, const char *SRC, size_t SRCLEN, size_t *OFFSETS, uint8_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_conv_from_encoding (const char *FROMCODE, enum iconv_ilseq_handler HANDLER, const char *SRC, size_t SRCLEN, size_t *OFFSETS, uint16_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_conv_from_encoding (const char *FROMCODE, enum iconv_ilseq_handler HANDLER, const char *SRC, size_t SRCLEN, size_t *OFFSETS, uint32_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Converts an entire string, possibly including NUL bytes, from one encoding to UTF-8 encoding. Converts a memory region given in encoding FROMCODE. FROMCODE is as for the `iconv_open' function. The input is in the memory region between SRC (inclusive) and `SRC + SRCLEN' (exclusive). If OFFSETS is not NULL, it should point to an array of SRCLEN integers; this array is filled with offsets into the result, i.e. the character starting at `SRC[i]' corresponds to the character starting at `RESULT[OFFSETS[i]]', and other offsets are set to `(size_t)(-1)'. `RESULTBUF' and `*LENGTHP' should be a scratch buffer and its size, or `RESULTBUF' can be NULL. May erase the contents of the memory at `RESULTBUF'. If successful: The resulting Unicode string (non-NULL) is returned and its length stored in `*LENGTHP'. The resulting string is `RESULTBUF' if no dynamic memory allocation was necessary, or a freshly allocated memory block otherwise. In case of error: NULL is returned and `errno' is set. Particular `errno' values: `EINVAL', `EILSEQ', `ENOMEM'. -- Function: char * u8_conv_to_encoding (const char *TOCODE, enum iconv_ilseq_handler HANDLER, const uint8_t *SRC, size_t SRCLEN, size_t *OFFSETS, char *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: char * u16_conv_to_encoding (const char *TOCODE, enum iconv_ilseq_handler HANDLER, const uint16_t *SRC, size_t SRCLEN, size_t *OFFSETS, char *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: char * u32_conv_to_encoding (const char *TOCODE, enum iconv_ilseq_handler HANDLER, const uint32_t *SRC, size_t SRCLEN, size_t *OFFSETS, char *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Converts an entire Unicode string, possibly including NUL units, from UTF-8 encoding to a given encoding. Converts a memory region to encoding TOCODE. TOCODE is as for the `iconv_open' function. The input is in the memory region between SRC (inclusive) and `SRC + SRCLEN' (exclusive). If OFFSETS is not NULL, it should point to an array of SRCLEN integers; this array is filled with offsets into the result, i.e. the character starting at `SRC[i]' corresponds to the character starting at `RESULT[OFFSETS[i]]', and other offsets are set to `(size_t)(-1)'. `RESULTBUF' and `*LENGTHP' should be a scratch buffer and its size, or `RESULTBUF' can be NULL. May erase the contents of the memory at `RESULTBUF'. If successful: The resulting Unicode string (non-NULL) is returned and its length stored in `*LENGTHP'. The resulting string is `RESULTBUF' if no dynamic memory allocation was necessary, or a freshly allocated memory block otherwise. In case of error: NULL is returned and `errno' is set. Particular `errno' values: `EINVAL', `EILSEQ', `ENOMEM'. The following functions convert between NUL terminated strings in a specified encoding and NUL terminated Unicode strings. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_strconv_from_encoding (const char *STRING, const char *FROMCODE, enum iconv_ilseq_handler HANDLER) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_strconv_from_encoding (const char *STRING, const char *FROMCODE, enum iconv_ilseq_handler HANDLER) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_strconv_from_encoding (const char *STRING, const char *FROMCODE, enum iconv_ilseq_handler HANDLER) Converts a NUL terminated string from a given encoding. The result is `malloc' allocated, or NULL (with ERRNO set) in case of error. Particular `errno' values: `EILSEQ', `ENOMEM'. -- Function: char * u8_strconv_to_encoding (const uint8_t *STRING, const char *TOCODE, enum iconv_ilseq_handler HANDLER) -- Function: char * u16_strconv_to_encoding (const uint16_t *STRING, const char *TOCODE, enum iconv_ilseq_handler HANDLER) -- Function: char * u32_strconv_to_encoding (const uint32_t *STRING, const char *TOCODE, enum iconv_ilseq_handler HANDLER) Converts a NUL terminated string to a given encoding. The result is `malloc' allocated, or NULL (with `errno' set) in case of error. Particular `errno' values: `EILSEQ', `ENOMEM'. The following functions are shorthands that convert between NUL terminated strings in locale encoding and NUL terminated Unicode strings. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_strconv_from_locale (const char *STRING) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_strconv_from_locale (const char *STRING) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_strconv_from_locale (const char *STRING) Converts a NUL terminated string from the locale encoding. The result is `malloc' allocated, or NULL (with `errno' set) in case of error. Particular `errno' values: `ENOMEM'. -- Function: char * u8_strconv_to_locale (const uint8_t *STRING) -- Function: char * u16_strconv_to_locale (const uint16_t *STRING) -- Function: char * u32_strconv_to_locale (const uint32_t *STRING) Converts a NUL terminated string to the locale encoding. The result is `malloc' allocated, or NULL (with `errno' set) in case of error. Particular `errno' values: `ENOMEM'.  File: libunistring.info, Node: unistdio.h, Next: uniname.h, Prev: uniconv.h, Up: Top 6 Output with Unicode strings `' ******************************************** This include file declares functions for doing formatted output with Unicode strings. It defines a set of functions similar to `fprintf' and `sprintf', which are declared in `'. These functions work like the `printf' function family. In the format string: * The format directive `U' takes an UTF-8 string (`const uint8_t *'). * The format directive `lU' takes an UTF-16 string (`const uint16_t *'). * The format directive `llU' takes an UTF-32 string (`const uint32_t *'). A function name with an infix `v' indicates that a `va_list' is passed instead of multiple arguments. The functions `*sprintf' have a BUF argument that is assumed to be large enough. (_DANGEROUS! Overflowing the buffer will crash the program._) The functions `*snprintf' have a BUF argument that is assumed to be SIZE units large. (_DANGEROUS! The resulting string might be truncated in the middle of a multibyte character._) The functions `*asprintf' have a RESULTP argument. The result will be freshly allocated and stored in `*resultp'. The functions `*asnprintf' have a (RESULTBUF, LENGTHP) argument pair. If RESULTBUF is not NULL and the result fits into `*LENGTHP' units, it is put in RESULTBUF, and RESULTBUF is returned. Otherwise, a freshly allocated string is returned. In both cases, `*LENGTHP' is set to the length (number of units) of the returned string. In case of error, NULL is returned and `errno' is set. The following functions take an ASCII format string and return a result that is a `char *' string in locale encoding. -- Function: int ulc_sprintf (char *BUF, const char *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int ulc_snprintf (char *BUF, size_t size, const char *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int ulc_asprintf (char **RESULTP, const char *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: char * ulc_asnprintf (char *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP, const char *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int ulc_vsprintf (char *BUF, const char *FORMAT, va_list AP) -- Function: int ulc_vsnprintf (char *BUF, size_t size, const char *FORMAT, va_list AP) -- Function: int ulc_vasprintf (char **RESULTP, const char *FORMAT, va_list AP) -- Function: char * ulc_vasnprintf (char *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP, const char *FORMAT, va_list AP) The following functions take an ASCII format string and return a result in UTF-8 format. -- Function: int u8_sprintf (uint8_t *BUF, const char *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int u8_snprintf (uint8_t *BUF, size_t SIZE, const char *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int u8_asprintf (uint8_t **RESULTP, const char *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: uint8_t * u8_asnprintf (uint8_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP, const char *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int u8_vsprintf (uint8_t *BUF, const char *FORMAT, va_list ap) -- Function: int u8_vsnprintf (uint8_t *BUF, size_t SIZE, const char *FORMAT, va_list AP) -- Function: int u8_vasprintf (uint8_t **RESULTP, const char *FORMAT, va_list AP) -- Function: uint8_t * u8_vasnprintf (uint8_t *resultbuf, size_t *LENGTHP, const char *FORMAT, va_list AP) The following functions take an UTF-8 format string and return a result in UTF-8 format. -- Function: int u8_u8_sprintf (uint8_t *BUF, const uint8_t *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int u8_u8_snprintf (uint8_t *BUF, size_t SIZE, const uint8_t *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int u8_u8_asprintf (uint8_t **RESULTP, const uint8_t *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: uint8_t * u8_u8_asnprintf (uint8_t *resultbuf, size_t *LENGTHP, const uint8_t *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int u8_u8_vsprintf (uint8_t *BUF, const uint8_t *FORMAT, va_list AP) -- Function: int u8_u8_vsnprintf (uint8_t *BUF, size_t SIZE, const uint8_t *FORMAT, va_list AP) -- Function: int u8_u8_vasprintf (uint8_t **RESULTP, const uint8_t *FORMAT, va_list AP) -- Function: uint8_t * u8_u8_vasnprintf (uint8_t *resultbuf, size_t *LENGTHP, const uint8_t *FORMAT, va_list AP) The following functions take an ASCII format string and return a result in UTF-16 format. -- Function: int u16_sprintf (uint16_t *BUF, const char *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int u16_snprintf (uint16_t *BUF, size_t SIZE, const char *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int u16_asprintf (uint16_t **RESULTP, const char *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_asnprintf (uint16_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP, const char *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int u16_vsprintf (uint16_t *BUF, const char *FORMAT, va_list ap) -- Function: int u16_vsnprintf (uint16_t *BUF, size_t SIZE, const char *FORMAT, va_list AP) -- Function: int u16_vasprintf (uint16_t **RESULTP, const char *FORMAT, va_list AP) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_vasnprintf (uint16_t *resultbuf, size_t *LENGTHP, const char *FORMAT, va_list AP) The following functions take an UTF-16 format string and return a result in UTF-16 format. -- Function: int u16_u16_sprintf (uint16_t *BUF, const uint16_t *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int u16_u16_snprintf (uint16_t *BUF, size_t SIZE, const uint16_t *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int u16_u16_asprintf (uint16_t **RESULTP, const uint16_t *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_u16_asnprintf (uint16_t *resultbuf, size_t *LENGTHP, const uint16_t *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int u16_u16_vsprintf (uint16_t *BUF, const uint16_t *FORMAT, va_list AP) -- Function: int u16_u16_vsnprintf (uint16_t *BUF, size_t SIZE, const uint16_t *FORMAT, va_list AP) -- Function: int u16_u16_vasprintf (uint16_t **RESULTP, const uint16_t *FORMAT, va_list AP) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_u16_vasnprintf (uint16_t *resultbuf, size_t *LENGTHP, const uint16_t *FORMAT, va_list AP) The following functions take an ASCII format string and return a result in UTF-32 format. -- Function: int u32_sprintf (uint32_t *BUF, const char *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int u32_snprintf (uint32_t *BUF, size_t SIZE, const char *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int u32_asprintf (uint32_t **RESULTP, const char *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_asnprintf (uint32_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP, const char *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int u32_vsprintf (uint32_t *BUF, const char *FORMAT, va_list ap) -- Function: int u32_vsnprintf (uint32_t *BUF, size_t SIZE, const char *FORMAT, va_list AP) -- Function: int u32_vasprintf (uint32_t **RESULTP, const char *FORMAT, va_list AP) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_vasnprintf (uint32_t *resultbuf, size_t *LENGTHP, const char *FORMAT, va_list AP) The following functions take an UTF-32 format string and return a result in UTF-32 format. -- Function: int u32_u32_sprintf (uint32_t *BUF, const uint32_t *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int u32_u32_snprintf (uint32_t *BUF, size_t SIZE, const uint32_t *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int u32_u32_asprintf (uint32_t **RESULTP, const uint32_t *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_u32_asnprintf (uint32_t *resultbuf, size_t *LENGTHP, const uint32_t *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int u32_u32_vsprintf (uint32_t *BUF, const uint32_t *FORMAT, va_list AP) -- Function: int u32_u32_vsnprintf (uint32_t *BUF, size_t SIZE, const uint32_t *FORMAT, va_list AP) -- Function: int u32_u32_vasprintf (uint32_t **RESULTP, const uint32_t *FORMAT, va_list AP) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_u32_vasnprintf (uint32_t *resultbuf, size_t *LENGTHP, const uint32_t *FORMAT, va_list AP) The following functions take an ASCII format string and produce output in locale encoding to a `FILE' stream. -- Function: int ulc_fprintf (FILE *STREAM, const char *FORMAT, ...) -- Function: int ulc_vfprintf (FILE *STREAM, const char *FORMAT, va_list AP)  File: libunistring.info, Node: uniname.h, Next: unictype.h, Prev: unistdio.h, Up: Top 7 Names of Unicode characters `' ******************************************* This include file implements the association between a Unicode character and its name. The name of a Unicode character allows to distinguish it from other, similar looking characters. For example, the character `x' has the name `"LATIN SMALL LETTER X"' and is therefore different from the character named `"MULTIPLICATION SIGN"'. -- Macro: unsigned int UNINAME_MAX This macro expands to a constant that is the required size of buffer for a Unicode character name. -- Function: char * unicode_character_name (ucs4_t UC, char *BUF) Looks up the name of a Unicode character, in uppercase ASCII. BUF must point to a buffer, at least `UNINAME_MAX' bytes in size. Returns the filled BUF, or NULL if the character does not have a name. -- Function: ucs4_t unicode_name_character (const char *NAME) Looks up the Unicode character with a given name, in upper- or lowercase ASCII. Returns the character if found, or `UNINAME_INVALID' if not found. -- Macro: ucs4_t UNINAME_INVALID This macro expands to a constant that is a special return value of the `unicode_name_character' function.  File: libunistring.info, Node: unictype.h, Next: uniwidth.h, Prev: uniname.h, Up: Top 8 Unicode character classification and properties `' **************************************************************** This include file declares functions that classify Unicode characters and that test whether Unicode characters have specific properties. The classification assigns a "general category" to every Unicode character. This is similar to the classification provided by ISO C in `'. Properties are the data that guides various text processing algorithms in the presence of specific Unicode characters. * Menu: * General category:: * Canonical combining class:: * Bidirectional category:: * Decimal digit value:: * Digit value:: * Numeric value:: * Mirrored character:: * Properties:: * Scripts:: * Blocks:: * ISO C and Java syntax:: * Classifications like in ISO C::  File: libunistring.info, Node: General category, Next: Canonical combining class, Up: unictype.h 8.1 General category ==================== Every Unicode character or code point has a _general category_ assigned to it. This classification is important for most algorithms that work on Unicode text. The GNU libunistring library provides two kinds of API for working with general categories. The object oriented API uses a variable to denote every predefined general category value or combinations thereof. The low-level API uses a bit mask instead. The advantage of the object oriented API is that if only a few predefined general category values are used, the data tables are relatively small. When you combine general category values (using `uc_general_category_or', `uc_general_category_and', or `uc_general_category_and_not'), or when you use the low level bit masks, a big table is used thats holds the complete general category information for all Unicode characters. * Menu: * Object oriented API:: * Bit mask API::  File: libunistring.info, Node: Object oriented API, Next: Bit mask API, Up: General category 8.1.1 The object oriented API for general category -------------------------------------------------- -- Type: uc_general_category_t This data type denotes a general category value. It is an immediate type that can be copied by simple assignment, without involving memory allocation. It is not an array type. The following are the predefined general category value. Additional general categories may be added in the future. -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_L -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Lu -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Ll -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Lt -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Lm -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Lo -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_M -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Mn -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Mc -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Me -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_N -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Nd -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Nl -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_No -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_P -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Pc -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Pd -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Ps -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Pe -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Pi -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Pf -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Po -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_S -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Sm -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Sc -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Sk -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_So -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Z -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Zs -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Zl -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Zp -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_C -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Cc -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Cf -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Cs -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Co -- Constant: uc_general_category_t UC_CATEGORY_Cn The following are alias names for predefined General category values. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_LETTER This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_L'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_UPPERCASE_LETTER This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Lu'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_LOWERCASE_LETTER This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Ll'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_TITLECASE_LETTER This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Lt'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_MODIFIER_LETTER This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Lm'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_OTHER_LETTER This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Lo'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_MARK This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_M'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_NON_SPACING_MARK This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Mn'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_COMBINING_SPACING_MARK This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Mc'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_ENCLOSING_MARK This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Me'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_NUMBER This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_N'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Nd'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_LETTER_NUMBER This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Nl'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_OTHER_NUMBER This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_No'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_PUNCTUATION This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_P'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Pc'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_DASH_PUNCTUATION This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Pd'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_OPEN_PUNCTUATION This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Ps' ("start punctuation"). -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_CLOSE_PUNCTUATION This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Pe' ("end punctuation"). -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_INITIAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Pi'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_FINAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Pf'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_OTHER_PUNCTUATION This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Po'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_SYMBOL This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_S'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_MATH_SYMBOL This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Sm'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_CURRENCY_SYMBOL This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Sc'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_MODIFIER_SYMBOL This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Sk'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_OTHER_SYMBOL This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_So'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_SEPARATOR This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Z'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_SPACE_SEPARATOR This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Zs'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_LINE_SEPARATOR This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Zl'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Zp'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_OTHER This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_C'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_CONTROL This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Cc'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_FORMAT This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Cf'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_SURROGATE This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Cs'. All code points in this category are invalid characters. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_PRIVATE_USE This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Co'. -- Macro: uc_general_category_t UC_UNASSIGNED This is another name for `UC_CATEGORY_Cn'. Some code points in this category are invalid characters. The following functions combine general categories, like in a boolean algebra, except that there is no `not' operation. -- Function: uc_general_category_t uc_general_category_or (uc_general_category_t CATEGORY1, uc_general_category_t CATEGORY2) Returns the union of two general categories. This corresponds to the unions of the two sets of characters. -- Function: uc_general_category_t uc_general_category_and (uc_general_category_t CATEGORY1, uc_general_category_t CATEGORY2) Returns the intersection of two general categories as bit masks. This _does not_ correspond to the intersection of the two sets of characters. -- Function: uc_general_category_t uc_general_category_and_not (uc_general_category_t CATEGORY1, uc_general_category_t CATEGORY2) Returns the intersection of a general category with the complement of a second general category, as bit masks. This _does not_ correspond to the intersection with complement, when viewing the categories as sets of characters. The following functions associate general categories with their name. -- Function: const char * uc_general_category_name (uc_general_category_t CATEGORY) Returns the name of a general category. Returns NULL if the general category corresponds to a bit mask that does not have a name. -- Function: uc_general_category_t uc_general_category_byname (const char *CATEGORY_NAME) Returns the general category given by name, e.g. `"Lu"'. The following functions view general categories as sets of Unicode characters. -- Function: uc_general_category_t uc_general_category (ucs4_t UC) Returns the general category of a Unicode character. This function uses a big table. -- Function: bool uc_is_general_category (ucs4_t UC, uc_general_category_t CATEGORY) Tests whether a Unicode character belongs to a given category. The CATEGORY argument can be a predefined general category or the combination of several predefined general categories.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Bit mask API, Prev: Object oriented API, Up: General category 8.1.2 The bit mask API for general category ------------------------------------------- The following are the predefined general category value as bit masks. Additional general categories may be added in the future. -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_L -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Lu -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Ll -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Lt -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Lm -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Lo -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_M -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Mn -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Mc -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Me -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_N -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Nd -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Nl -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_No -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_P -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Pc -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Pd -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Ps -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Pe -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Pi -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Pf -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Po -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_S -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Sm -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Sc -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Sk -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_So -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Z -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Zs -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Zl -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Zp -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_C -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Cc -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Cf -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Cs -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Co -- Macro: uint32_t UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Cn The following function views general categories as sets of Unicode characters. -- Function: bool uc_is_general_category_withtable (ucs4_t UC, uint32_t BITMASK) Tests whether a Unicode character belongs to a given category. The BITMASK argument can be a predefined general category bitmask or the combination of several predefined general category bitmasks. This function uses a big table comprising all general categories.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Canonical combining class, Next: Bidirectional category, Prev: General category, Up: unictype.h 8.2 Canonical combining class ============================= Every Unicode character or code point has a _canonical combining class_ assigned to it. What is the meaning of the canonical combining class? Essentially, it indicates the priority with which a combining character is attached to its base character. The characters for which the canonical combining class is 0 are the base characters, and the characters for which it is greater than 0 are the combining characters. Combining characters are rendered near/attached/around their base character, and combining characters with small combining classes are attached "first" or "closer" to the base character. The canonical combining class of a character is a number in the range 0..255. The possible values are described in the Unicode Character Database `http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UCD.html'. The list here is not definitive; more values can be added in future versions. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_NR The canonical combining class value for "Not Reordered" characters. The value is 0. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_OV The canonical combining class value for "Overlay" characters. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_NK The canonical combining class value for "Nukta" characters. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_KV The canonical combining class value for "Kana Voicing" characters. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_VR The canonical combining class value for "Virama" characters. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_ATBL The canonical combining class value for "Attached Below Left" characters. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_ATB The canonical combining class value for "Attached Below" characters. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_ATAR The canonical combining class value for "Attached Above Right" characters. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_BL The canonical combining class value for "Below Left" characters. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_B The canonical combining class value for "Below" characters. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_BR The canonical combining class value for "Below Right" characters. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_L The canonical combining class value for "Left" characters. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_R The canonical combining class value for "Right" characters. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_AL The canonical combining class value for "Above Left" characters. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_A The canonical combining class value for "Above" characters. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_AR The canonical combining class value for "Above Right" characters. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_DB The canonical combining class value for "Double Below" characters. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_DA The canonical combining class value for "Double Above" characters. -- Constant: int UC_CCC_IS The canonical combining class value for "Iota Subscript" characters. The following function looks up the canonical combining class of a character. -- Function: int uc_combining_class (ucs4_t UC) Returns the canonical combining class of a Unicode character.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Bidirectional category, Next: Decimal digit value, Prev: Canonical combining class, Up: unictype.h 8.3 Bidirectional category ========================== Every Unicode character or code point has a _bidirectional category_ assigned to it. The bidirectional category guides the bidirectional algorithm (`http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/'). The possible values are the following. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_L The bidirectional category for `Left-to-Right`" characters. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_LRE The bidirectional category for "Left-to-Right Embedding" characters. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_LRO The bidirectional category for "Left-to-Right Override" characters. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_R The bidirectional category for "Right-to-Left" characters. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_AL The bidirectional category for "Right-to-Left Arabic" characters. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_RLE The bidirectional category for "Right-to-Left Embedding" characters. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_RLO The bidirectional category for "Right-to-Left Override" characters. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_PDF The bidirectional category for "Pop Directional Format" characters. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_EN The bidirectional category for "European Number" characters. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_ES The bidirectional category for "European Number Separator" characters. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_ET The bidirectional category for "European Number Terminator" characters. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_AN The bidirectional category for "Arabic Number" characters. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_CS The bidirectional category for "Common Number Separator" characters. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_NSM The bidirectional category for "Non-Spacing Mark" characters. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_BN The bidirectional category for "Boundary Neutral" characters. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_B The bidirectional category for "Paragraph Separator" characters. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_S The bidirectional category for "Segment Separator" characters. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_WS The bidirectional category for "Whitespace" characters. -- Constant: int UC_BIDI_ON The bidirectional category for "Other Neutral" characters. The following functions implement the association between a bidirectional category and its name. -- Function: const char * uc_bidi_category_name (int CATEGORY) Returns the name of a bidirectional category. -- Function: int uc_bidi_category_byname (const char *CATEGORY_NAME) Returns the bidirectional category given by name, e.g. `"LRE"'. The following functions view bidirectional categories as sets of Unicode characters. -- Function: int uc_bidi_category (ucs4_t UC) Returns the bidirectional category of a Unicode character. -- Function: bool uc_is_bidi_category (ucs4_t UC, int CATEGORY) Tests whether a Unicode character belongs to a given bidirectional category.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Decimal digit value, Next: Digit value, Prev: Bidirectional category, Up: unictype.h 8.4 Decimal digit value ======================= Decimal digits (like the digits from `0' to `9') exist in many scripts. The following function converts a decimal digit character to its numerical value. -- Function: int uc_decimal_value (ucs4_t UC) Returns the decimal digit value of a Unicode character. The return value is an integer in the range 0..9, or -1 for characters that do not represent a decimal digit.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Digit value, Next: Numeric value, Prev: Decimal digit value, Up: unictype.h 8.5 Digit value =============== Digit characters are like decimal digit characters, possibly in special forms, like as superscript, subscript, or circled. The following function converts a digit character to its numerical value. -- Function: int uc_digit_value (ucs4_t UC) Returns the digit value of a Unicode character. The return value is an integer in the range 0..9, or -1 for characters that do not represent a digit.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Numeric value, Next: Mirrored character, Prev: Digit value, Up: unictype.h 8.6 Numeric value ================= There are also characters that represent numbers without a digit system, like the Roman numerals, and fractional numbers, like 1/4 or 3/4. The following type represents the numeric value of a Unicode character. -- Type: uc_fraction_t This is a structure type with the following fields: int numerator; int denominator; An integer N is represented by `numerator = N', `denominator = 1'. The following function converts a number character to its numerical value. -- Function: uc_fraction_t uc_numeric_value (ucs4_t UC) Returns the numeric value of a Unicode character. The return value is a fraction, or the pseudo-fraction `{ 0, 0 }' for characters that do not represent a number.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Mirrored character, Next: Properties, Prev: Numeric value, Up: unictype.h 8.7 Mirrored character ====================== Character mirroring is used to associate the closing parenthesis character to the opening parenthesis character, the closing brace character with the opening brace character, and so on. The following function looks up the mirrored character of a Unicode character. -- Function: bool uc_mirror_char (ucs4_t UC, ucs4_t *PUC) Stores the mirrored character of a Unicode character UC in `*PUC' and returns `true', if it exists. Otherwise it stores UC unmodified in `*PUC' and returns `false'.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Properties, Next: Scripts, Prev: Mirrored character, Up: unictype.h 8.8 Properties ============== This section defines boolean properties of Unicode characters. This means, a character either has the given property or does not have it. In other words, the property can be viewed as a subset of the set of Unicode characters. The GNU libunistring library provides two kinds of API for working with properties. The object oriented API uses a type `uc_property_t' to designate a property. In the function-based API, which is a bit more low level, a property is merely a function. * Menu: * Properties as objects:: * Properties as functions::  File: libunistring.info, Node: Properties as objects, Next: Properties as functions, Up: Properties 8.8.1 Properties as objects - the object oriented API ----------------------------------------------------- The following type designates a property on Unicode characters. -- Type: uc_property_t This data type denotes a boolean property on Unicode characters. It is an immediate type that can be copied by simple assignment, without involving memory allocation. It is not an array type. Many Unicode properties are predefined. The following are general properties. -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_WHITE_SPACE -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_ALPHABETIC -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_OTHER_ALPHABETIC -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_NOT_A_CHARACTER -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_DEFAULT_IGNORABLE_CODE_POINT -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_OTHER_DEFAULT_IGNORABLE_CODE_POINT -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_DEPRECATED -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_LOGICAL_ORDER_EXCEPTION -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_VARIATION_SELECTOR -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_PRIVATE_USE -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_UNASSIGNED_CODE_VALUE The following properties are related to case folding. -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_UPPERCASE -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_OTHER_UPPERCASE -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_LOWERCASE -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_OTHER_LOWERCASE -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_TITLECASE -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_SOFT_DOTTED The following properties are related to identifiers. -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_ID_START -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_OTHER_ID_START -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_ID_CONTINUE -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_OTHER_ID_CONTINUE -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_XID_START -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_XID_CONTINUE -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_PATTERN_WHITE_SPACE -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_PATTERN_SYNTAX The following properties have an influence on shaping and rendering. -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_JOIN_CONTROL -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_GRAPHEME_BASE -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_GRAPHEME_EXTEND -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_OTHER_GRAPHEME_EXTEND -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_GRAPHEME_LINK The following properties relate to bidirectional reordering. -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_BIDI_CONTROL -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_BIDI_LEFT_TO_RIGHT -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_BIDI_HEBREW_RIGHT_TO_LEFT -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_BIDI_ARABIC_RIGHT_TO_LEFT -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_BIDI_EUROPEAN_DIGIT -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_BIDI_EUR_NUM_SEPARATOR -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_BIDI_EUR_NUM_TERMINATOR -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_BIDI_ARABIC_DIGIT -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_BIDI_COMMON_SEPARATOR -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_BIDI_BLOCK_SEPARATOR -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_BIDI_SEGMENT_SEPARATOR -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_BIDI_WHITESPACE -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_BIDI_NON_SPACING_MARK -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_BIDI_BOUNDARY_NEUTRAL -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_BIDI_PDF -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_BIDI_EMBEDDING_OR_OVERRIDE -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_BIDI_OTHER_NEUTRAL The following properties deal with number representations. -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_HEX_DIGIT -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_ASCII_HEX_DIGIT The following properties deal with CJK. -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_IDEOGRAPHIC -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_UNIFIED_IDEOGRAPH -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_RADICAL -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_IDS_BINARY_OPERATOR -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_IDS_TRINARY_OPERATOR Other miscellaneous properties are: -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_ZERO_WIDTH -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_SPACE -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_NON_BREAK -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_ISO_CONTROL -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_FORMAT_CONTROL -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_DASH -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_HYPHEN -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_PUNCTUATION -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_LINE_SEPARATOR -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_QUOTATION_MARK -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_SENTENCE_TERMINAL -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_TERMINAL_PUNCTUATION -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_CURRENCY_SYMBOL -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_MATH -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_OTHER_MATH -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_PAIRED_PUNCTUATION -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_LEFT_OF_PAIR -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_COMBINING -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_COMPOSITE -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_DECIMAL_DIGIT -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_NUMERIC -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_DIACRITIC -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_EXTENDER -- Constant: uc_property_t UC_PROPERTY_IGNORABLE_CONTROL The following function looks up a property by its name. -- Function: uc_property_t uc_property_byname (const char *PROPERTY_NAME) Returns the property given by name, e.g. `"White space"'. If a property with the given name exists, the result will satisfy the `uc_property_is_valid' predicate. Otherwise the result will not satisfy this predicate and must not be passed to functions that expect an `uc_property_t' argument. This function references a big table of all predefined properties. Its use can significantly increase the size of your application. -- Function: bool uc_property_is_valid (uc_property_t property) Returns `true' when the given property is valid, or `false' otherwise. The following function views a property as a set of Unicode characters. -- Function: bool uc_is_property (ucs4_t UC, uc_property_t PROPERTY) Tests whether the Unicode character UC has the given property.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Properties as functions, Prev: Properties as objects, Up: Properties 8.8.2 Properties as functions - the functional API -------------------------------------------------- The following are general properties. -- Function: bool uc_is_property_white_space (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_alphabetic (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_other_alphabetic (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_not_a_character (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_default_ignorable_code_point (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_other_default_ignorable_code_point (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_deprecated (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_logical_order_exception (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_variation_selector (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_private_use (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_unassigned_code_value (ucs4_t UC) The following properties are related to case folding. -- Function: bool uc_is_property_uppercase (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_other_uppercase (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_lowercase (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_other_lowercase (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_titlecase (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_soft_dotted (ucs4_t UC) The following properties are related to identifiers. -- Function: bool uc_is_property_id_start (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_other_id_start (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_id_continue (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_other_id_continue (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_xid_start (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_xid_continue (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_pattern_white_space (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_pattern_syntax (ucs4_t UC) The following properties have an influence on shaping and rendering. -- Function: bool uc_is_property_join_control (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_grapheme_base (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_grapheme_extend (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_other_grapheme_extend (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_grapheme_link (ucs4_t UC) The following properties relate to bidirectional reordering. -- Function: bool uc_is_property_bidi_control (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_bidi_left_to_right (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_bidi_hebrew_right_to_left (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_bidi_arabic_right_to_left (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_bidi_european_digit (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_bidi_eur_num_separator (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_bidi_eur_num_terminator (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_bidi_arabic_digit (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_bidi_common_separator (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_bidi_block_separator (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_bidi_segment_separator (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_bidi_whitespace (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_bidi_non_spacing_mark (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_bidi_boundary_neutral (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_bidi_pdf (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_bidi_embedding_or_override (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_bidi_other_neutral (ucs4_t UC) The following properties deal with number representations. -- Function: bool uc_is_property_hex_digit (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_ascii_hex_digit (ucs4_t UC) The following properties deal with CJK. -- Function: bool uc_is_property_ideographic (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_unified_ideograph (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_radical (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_ids_binary_operator (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_ids_trinary_operator (ucs4_t UC) Other miscellaneous properties are: -- Function: bool uc_is_property_zero_width (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_space (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_non_break (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_iso_control (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_format_control (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_dash (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_hyphen (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_punctuation (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_line_separator (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_paragraph_separator (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_quotation_mark (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_sentence_terminal (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_terminal_punctuation (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_currency_symbol (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_math (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_other_math (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_paired_punctuation (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_left_of_pair (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_combining (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_composite (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_decimal_digit (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_numeric (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_diacritic (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_extender (ucs4_t UC) -- Function: bool uc_is_property_ignorable_control (ucs4_t UC)  File: libunistring.info, Node: Scripts, Next: Blocks, Prev: Properties, Up: unictype.h 8.9 Scripts =========== The Unicode characters are subdivided into scripts. The following type is used to represent a script: -- Type: uc_script_t This data type is a structure type that refers to statically allocated read-only data. It contains the following fields: const char *name; The `name' field contains the name of the script. The following functions look up a script. -- Function: const uc_script_t * uc_script (ucs4_t UC) Returns the script of a Unicode character. Returns NULL if UC does not belong to any script. -- Function: const uc_script_t * uc_script_byname (const char *SCRIPT_NAME) Returns the script given by its name, e.g. `"HAN"'. Returns NULL if a script with the given name does not exist. The following function views a script as a set of Unicode characters. -- Function: bool uc_is_script (ucs4_t UC, const uc_script_t *SCRIPT) Tests whether a Unicode character belongs to a given script. The following gives a global picture of all scripts. -- Function: void uc_all_scripts (const uc_script_t **SCRIPTS, size_t *COUNT) Get the list of all scripts. Stores a pointer to an array of all scripts in `*SCRIPTS' and the length of this array in `*COUNT'.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Blocks, Next: ISO C and Java syntax, Prev: Scripts, Up: unictype.h 8.10 Blocks =========== The Unicode characters are subdivided into blocks. A block is an interval of Unicode code points. The following type is used to represent a block. -- Type: uc_block_t This data type is a structure type that refers to statically allocated data. It contains the following fields: ucs4_t start; ucs4_t end; const char *name; The `start' field is the first Unicode code point in the block. The `end' field is the last Unicode code point in the block. The `name' field is the name of the block. The following function looks up a block. -- Function: const uc_block_t * uc_block (ucs4_t UC) Returns the block a character belongs to. The following function views a block as a set of Unicode characters. -- Function: bool uc_is_block (ucs4_t UC, const uc_block_t *BLOCK) Tests whether a Unicode character belongs to a given block. The following gives a global picture of all block. -- Function: void uc_all_blocks (const uc_block_t **BLOCKS, size_t *COUNT) Get the list of all blocks. Stores a pointer to an array of all blocks in `*BLOCKS' and the length of this array in `*COUNT'.  File: libunistring.info, Node: ISO C and Java syntax, Next: Classifications like in ISO C, Prev: Blocks, Up: unictype.h 8.11 ISO C and Java syntax ========================== The following properties are taken from language standards. The supported language standards are ISO C 99 and Java. -- Function: bool uc_is_c_whitespace (ucs4_t UC) Tests whether a Unicode character is considered whitespace in ISO C 99. -- Function: bool uc_is_java_whitespace (ucs4_t UC) Tests whether a Unicode character is considered whitespace in Java. The following enumerated values are the possible return values of the functions `uc_c_ident_category' and `uc_java_ident_category'. -- Constant: int UC_IDENTIFIER_START This return value means that the given character is valid as first or subsequent character in an identifier. -- Constant: int UC_IDENTIFIER_VALID This return value means that the given character is valid as subsequent character only. -- Constant: int UC_IDENTIFIER_INVALID This return value means that the given character is not valid in an identifier. -- Constant: int UC_IDENTIFIER_IGNORABLE This return value (only for Java) means that the given character is ignorable. The following function determine whether a given character can be a constituent of an identifier in the given programming language. -- Function: int uc_c_ident_category (ucs4_t UC) Returns the categorization of a Unicode character with respect to the ISO C 99 identifier syntax. -- Function: int uc_java_ident_category (ucs4_t UC) Returns the categorization of a Unicode character with respect to the Java identifier syntax.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Classifications like in ISO C, Prev: ISO C and Java syntax, Up: unictype.h 8.12 Classifications like in ISO C ================================== The following character classifications mimic those declared in the ISO C header files `' and `'. These functions are deprecated, because this set of functions was designed with ASCII in mind and cannot reflect the more diverse reality of the Unicode character set. But they can be a quick-and-dirty porting aid when migrating from `wchar_t' APIs to Unicode strings. -- Function: bool uc_is_alnum (ucs4_t UC) Tests for any character for which `uc_is_alpha' or `uc_is_digit' is true. -- Function: bool uc_is_alpha (ucs4_t UC) Tests for any character for which `uc_is_upper' or `uc_is_lower' is true, or any character that is one of a locale-specific set of characters for which none of `uc_is_cntrl', `uc_is_digit', `uc_is_punct', or `uc_is_space' is true. -- Function: bool uc_is_cntrl (ucs4_t UC) Tests for any control character. -- Function: bool uc_is_digit (ucs4_t UC) Tests for any character that corresponds to a decimal-digit character. -- Function: bool uc_is_graph (ucs4_t UC) Tests for any character for which `uc_is_print' is true and `uc_is_space' is false. -- Function: bool uc_is_lower (ucs4_t UC) Tests for any character that corresponds to a lowercase letter or is one of a locale-specific set of characters for which none of `uc_is_cntrl', `uc_is_digit', `uc_is_punct', or `uc_is_space' is true. -- Function: bool uc_is_print (ucs4_t UC) Tests for any printing character. -- Function: bool uc_is_punct (ucs4_t UC) Tests for any printing character that is one of a locale-specific set of characters for which neither `uc_is_space' nor `uc_is_alnum' is true. -- Function: bool uc_is_space (ucs4_t UC) Test for any character that corresponds to a locale-specific set of characters for which none of `uc_is_alnum', `uc_is_graph', or `uc_is_punct' is true. -- Function: bool uc_is_upper (ucs4_t UC) Tests for any character that corresponds to an uppercase letter or is one of a locale-specific set of characters for which none of `uc_is_cntrl', `uc_is_digit', `uc_is_punct', or `uc_is_space' is true. -- Function: bool uc_is_xdigit (ucs4_t UC) Tests for any character that corresponds to a hexadecimal-digit character. -- Function: bool uc_is_blank (ucs4_t UC) Tests for any character that corresponds to a standard blank character or a locale-specific set of characters for which `uc_is_alnum' is false.  File: libunistring.info, Node: uniwidth.h, Next: uniwbrk.h, Prev: unictype.h, Up: Top 9 Display width `' ****************************** This include file declares functions that return the display width, measured in columns, of characters or strings, when output to a device that uses non-proportional fonts. Note that for some rarely used characters the actual fonts or terminal emulators can use a different width. There is no mechanism for communicating the display width of characters across a Unix pseudo-terminal (tty). Also, there are scripts with complex rendering, like the Indic scripts. For these scripts, there is no such concept as non-proportional fonts. Therefore the results of these functions usually work fine on most scripts and on most characters but can fail to represent the actual display width. These functions are locale dependent. The ENCODING argument identifies the encoding (e.g. `"ISO-8859-2"' for Polish). -- Function: int uc_width (ucs4_t UC, const char *ENCODING) Determines and returns the number of column positions required for UC. Returns -1 if UC is a control character that has an influence on the column position when output. -- Function: int u8_width (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, const char *ENCODING) -- Function: int u16_width (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, const char *ENCODING) -- Function: int u32_width (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, const char *ENCODING) Determines and returns the number of column positions required for first N units (or fewer if S ends before this) in S. This function ignores control characters in the string. -- Function: int u8_strwidth (const uint8_t *S, const char *ENCODING) -- Function: int u16_strwidth (const uint16_t *S, const char *ENCODING) -- Function: int u32_strwidth (const uint32_t *S, const char *ENCODING) Determines and returns the number of column positions required for S. This function ignores control characters in the string.  File: libunistring.info, Node: uniwbrk.h, Next: unilbrk.h, Prev: uniwidth.h, Up: Top 10 Word breaks in strings `' *************************************** This include file declares functions for determining where in a string "words" start and end. Here "words" are not necessarily the same as entities that can be looked up in dictionaries, but rather groups of consecutive characters that should not be split by text processing operations. * Menu: * Word breaks in a string:: * Word break property::  File: libunistring.info, Node: Word breaks in a string, Next: Word break property, Up: uniwbrk.h 10.1 Word breaks in a string ============================ The following functions determine the word breaks in a string. -- Function: void u8_wordbreaks (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, char *P) -- Function: void u16_wordbreaks (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, char *P) -- Function: void u32_wordbreaks (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, char *P) -- Function: void ulc_wordbreaks (const char *S, size_t N, char *P) Determines the word break points in S, an array of N units, and stores the result at `P[0..N-1]'. `P[i] = 1' means that there is a word boundary between `S[i-1]' and `S[i]'. `P[i] = 0' means that `S[i-1]' and `S[i]' must not be separated. `P[0]' is always set to 0. If an application wants to consider a word break to be present at the beginning of the string (before `S[0]') or at the end of the string (after `S[0..N-1]'), it has to treat these cases explicitly.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Word break property, Prev: Word breaks in a string, Up: uniwbrk.h 10.2 Word break property ======================== This is a more low-level API. The word break property is a property defined in Unicode Standard Annex #29, section "Word Boundaries", see `http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/#Word_Boundaries'. It is used for determining the word breaks in a string. The following are the possible values of the word break property. More values may be added in the future. -- Constant: int WBP_OTHER -- Constant: int WBP_CR -- Constant: int WBP_LF -- Constant: int WBP_NEWLINE -- Constant: int WBP_EXTEND -- Constant: int WBP_FORMAT -- Constant: int WBP_KATAKANA -- Constant: int WBP_ALETTER -- Constant: int WBP_MIDNUMLET -- Constant: int WBP_MIDLETTER -- Constant: int WBP_MIDNUM -- Constant: int WBP_NUMERIC -- Constant: int WBP_EXTENDNUMLET The following function looks up the word break property of a character. -- Function: int uc_wordbreak_property (ucs4_t UC) Returns the Word_Break property of a Unicode character.  File: libunistring.info, Node: unilbrk.h, Next: uninorm.h, Prev: uniwbrk.h, Up: Top 11 Line breaking `' ****************************** This include file declares functions for determining where in a string line breaks could or should be introduced, in order to make the displayed string fit into a column of given width. These functions are locale dependent. The ENCODING argument identifies the encoding (e.g. `"ISO-8859-2"' for Polish). The following enumerated values indicate whether, at a given position, a line break is possible or not. Given an string S as an array `S[0..N-1]' and a position I, the values have the following meanings: -- Constant: int UC_BREAK_MANDATORY This value indicates that `S[I]' is a line break character. -- Constant: int UC_BREAK_POSSIBLE This value indicates that a line break may be inserted between `S[I-1]' and `S[I]'. -- Constant: int UC_BREAK_HYPHENATION This value indicates that a hyphen and a line break may be inserted between `S[I-1]' and `S[I]'. But beware of language dependent hyphenation rules. -- Constant: int UC_BREAK_PROHIBITED This value indicates that `S[I-1]' and `S[I]' must not be separated. -- Constant: int UC_BREAK_UNDEFINED This value is not used as a return value; rather, in the overriding argument of the `u*_width_linebreaks' functions, it indicates the absence of an override. The following functions determine the positions at which line breaks are possible. -- Function: void u8_possible_linebreaks (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, const char *ENCODING, char *P) -- Function: void u16_possible_linebreaks (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, const char *ENCODING, char *P) -- Function: void u32_possible_linebreaks (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, const char *ENCODING, char *P) -- Function: void ulc_possible_linebreaks (const char *S, size_t N, const char *ENCODING, char *P) Determines the line break points in S, and stores the result at `P[0..N-1]'. Every `P[I]' is assigned one of the values `UC_BREAK_MANDATORY', `UC_BREAK_POSSIBLE', `UC_BREAK_HYPHENATION', `UC_BREAK_PROHIBITED'. The following functions determine where line breaks should be inserted so that each line fits in a given width, when output to a device that uses non-proportional fonts. -- Function: int u8_width_linebreaks (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, int WIDTH, int START_COLUMN, int AT_END_COLUMNS, const char *OVERRIDE, const char *ENCODING, char *P) -- Function: int u16_width_linebreaks (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, int WIDTH, int START_COLUMN, int AT_END_COLUMNS, const char *OVERRIDE, const char *ENCODING, char *P) -- Function: int u32_width_linebreaks (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, int WIDTH, int START_COLUMN, int AT_END_COLUMNS, const char *OVERRIDE, const char *ENCODING, char *P) -- Function: int ulc_width_linebreaks (const char *S, size_t N, int WIDTH, int START_COLUMN, int AT_END_COLUMNS, const char *OVERRIDE, const char *ENCODING, char *P) Chooses the best line breaks, assuming that every character occupies a width given by the `uc_width' function (see *note uniwidth.h::). The string is `S[0..N-1]'. The maximum number of columns per line is given as WIDTH. The starting column of the string is given as START_COLUMN. If the algorithm shall keep room after the last piece, this amount of room can be given as AT_END_COLUMNS. OVERRIDE is an optional override; if `OVERRIDE[I] != UC_BREAK_UNDEFINED', `OVERRIDE[I]' takes precedence over `P[I]' as returned by the `u*_possible_linebreaks' function. The given ENCODING is used for disambiguating widths in `uc_width'. Returns the column after the end of the string, and stores the result at `P[0..N-1]'. Every `P[I]' is assigned one of the values `UC_BREAK_MANDATORY', `UC_BREAK_POSSIBLE', `UC_BREAK_HYPHENATION', `UC_BREAK_PROHIBITED'. Here the value `UC_BREAK_POSSIBLE' indicates that a line break _should_ be inserted.  File: libunistring.info, Node: uninorm.h, Next: unicase.h, Prev: unilbrk.h, Up: Top 12 Normalization forms (composition and decomposition) `' ******************************************************************** This include file defines functions for transforming Unicode strings to one of the four normal forms, known as NFC, NFD, NKFC, NFKD. These transformations involve decomposition and -- for NFC and NFKC -- composition of Unicode characters. * Menu: * Decomposition of characters:: * Composition of characters:: * Normalization of strings:: * Normalizing comparisons:: * Normalization of streams::  File: libunistring.info, Node: Decomposition of characters, Next: Composition of characters, Up: uninorm.h 12.1 Decomposition of Unicode characters ======================================== The following enumerated values are the possible types of decomposition of a Unicode character. -- Constant: int UC_DECOMP_CANONICAL Denotes canonical decomposition. -- Constant: int UC_DECOMP_FONT UCD marker: `'. Denotes a font variant (e.g. a blackletter form). -- Constant: int UC_DECOMP_NOBREAK UCD marker: `'. Denotes a no-break version of a space or hyphen. -- Constant: int UC_DECOMP_INITIAL UCD marker: `'. Denotes an initial presentation form (Arabic). -- Constant: int UC_DECOMP_MEDIAL UCD marker: `'. Denotes a medial presentation form (Arabic). -- Constant: int UC_DECOMP_FINAL UCD marker: `'. Denotes a final presentation form (Arabic). -- Constant: int UC_DECOMP_ISOLATED UCD marker: `'. Denotes an isolated presentation form (Arabic). -- Constant: int UC_DECOMP_CIRCLE UCD marker: `'. Denotes an encircled form. -- Constant: int UC_DECOMP_SUPER UCD marker: `'. Denotes a superscript form. -- Constant: int UC_DECOMP_SUB UCD marker: `'. Denotes a subscript form. -- Constant: int UC_DECOMP_VERTICAL UCD marker: `'. Denotes a vertical layout presentation form. -- Constant: int UC_DECOMP_WIDE UCD marker: `'. Denotes a wide (or zenkaku) compatibility character. -- Constant: int UC_DECOMP_NARROW UCD marker: `'. Denotes a narrow (or hankaku) compatibility character. -- Constant: int UC_DECOMP_SMALL UCD marker: `'. Denotes a small variant form (CNS compatibility). -- Constant: int UC_DECOMP_SQUARE UCD marker: `'. Denotes a CJK squared font variant. -- Constant: int UC_DECOMP_FRACTION UCD marker: `'. Denotes a vulgar fraction form. -- Constant: int UC_DECOMP_COMPAT UCD marker: `'. Denotes an otherwise unspecified compatibility character. The following constant denotes the maximum size of decomposition of a single Unicode character. -- Macro: unsigned int UC_DECOMPOSITION_MAX_LENGTH This macro expands to a constant that is the required size of buffer passed to the `uc_decomposition' and `uc_canonical_decomposition' functions. The following functions decompose a Unicode character. -- Function: int uc_decomposition (ucs4_t UC, int *DECOMP_TAG, ucs4_t *DECOMPOSITION) Returns the character decomposition mapping of the Unicode character UC. DECOMPOSITION must point to an array of at least `UC_DECOMPOSITION_MAX_LENGTH' `ucs_t' elements. When a decomposition exists, `DECOMPOSITION[0..N-1]' and `*DECOMP_TAG' are filled and N is returned. Otherwise -1 is returned. -- Function: int uc_canonical_decomposition (ucs4_t UC, ucs4_t *DECOMPOSITION) Returns the canonical character decomposition mapping of the Unicode character UC. DECOMPOSITION must point to an array of at least `UC_DECOMPOSITION_MAX_LENGTH' `ucs_t' elements. When a decomposition exists, `DECOMPOSITION[0..N-1]' is filled and N is returned. Otherwise -1 is returned.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Composition of characters, Next: Normalization of strings, Prev: Decomposition of characters, Up: uninorm.h 12.2 Composition of Unicode characters ====================================== The following function composes a Unicode character from two Unicode characters. -- Function: ucs4_t uc_composition (ucs4_t UC1, ucs4_t UC2) Attempts to combine the Unicode characters UC1, UC2. UC1 is known to have canonical combining class 0. Returns the combination of UC1 and UC2, if it exists. Returns 0 otherwise. Not all decompositions can be recombined using this function. See the Unicode file `CompositionExclusions.txt' for details.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Normalization of strings, Next: Normalizing comparisons, Prev: Composition of characters, Up: uninorm.h 12.3 Normalization of strings ============================= The Unicode standard defines four normalization forms for Unicode strings. The following type is used to denote a normalization form. -- Type: uninorm_t An object of type `uninorm_t' denotes a Unicode normalization form. This is a scalar type; its values can be compared with `=='. The following constants denote the four normalization forms. -- Macro: uninorm_t UNINORM_NFD Denotes Normalization form D: canonical decomposition. -- Macro: uninorm_t UNINORM_NFC Normalization form C: canonical decomposition, then canonical composition. -- Macro: uninorm_t UNINORM_NFKD Normalization form KD: compatibility decomposition. -- Macro: uninorm_t UNINORM_NFKC Normalization form KC: compatibility decomposition, then canonical composition. The following functions operate on `uninorm_t' objects. -- Function: bool uninorm_is_compat_decomposing (uninorm_t NF) Tests whether the normalization form NF does compatibility decomposition. -- Function: bool uninorm_is_composing (uninorm_t NF) Tests whether the normalization form NF includes canonical composition. -- Function: uninorm_t uninorm_decomposing_form (uninorm_t NF) Returns the decomposing variant of the normalization form NF. This maps NFC,NFD -> NFD and NFKC,NFKD -> NFKD. The following functions apply a Unicode normalization form to a Unicode string. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_normalize (uninorm_t NF, const uint8_t *S, size_t N, uint8_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_normalize (uninorm_t NF, const uint16_t *S, size_t N, uint16_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_normalize (uninorm_t NF, const uint32_t *S, size_t N, uint32_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Returns the specified normalization form of a string.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Normalizing comparisons, Next: Normalization of streams, Prev: Normalization of strings, Up: uninorm.h 12.4 Normalizing comparisons ============================ The following functions compare Unicode string, ignoring differences in normalization. -- Function: int u8_normcmp (const uint8_t *S1, size_t N1, const uint8_t *S2, size_t N2, uninorm_t NF, int *RESULTP) -- Function: int u16_normcmp (const uint16_t *S1, size_t N1, const uint16_t *S2, size_t N2, uninorm_t NF, int *RESULTP) -- Function: int u32_normcmp (const uint32_t *S1, size_t N1, const uint32_t *S2, size_t N2, uninorm_t NF, int *RESULTP) Compares S1 and S2, ignoring differences in normalization. NF must be either `UNINORM_NFD' or `UNINORM_NFKD'. If successful, sets `*RESULTP' to -1 if S1 < S2, 0 if S1 = S2, 1 if S1 > S2, and returns 0. Upon failure, returns -1 with `errno' set. -- Function: char * u8_normxfrm (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, uninorm_t NF, char *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: char * u16_normxfrm (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, uninorm_t NF, char *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: char * u32_normxfrm (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, uninorm_t NF, char *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Converts the string S of length N to a NUL-terminated byte sequence, in such a way that comparing `u8_normxfrm (S1)' and `u8_normxfrm (S2)' with the `u8_cmp2' function is equivalent to comparing S1 and S2 with the `u8_normcoll' function. NF must be either `UNINORM_NFC' or `UNINORM_NFKC'. -- Function: int u8_normcoll (const uint8_t *S1, size_t N1, const uint8_t *S2, size_t N2, uninorm_t NF, int *RESULTP) -- Function: int u16_normcoll (const uint16_t *S1, size_t N1, const uint16_t *S2, size_t N2, uninorm_t NF, int *RESULTP) -- Function: int u32_normcoll (const uint32_t *S1, size_t N1, const uint32_t *S2, size_t N2, uninorm_t NF, int *RESULTP) Compares S1 and S2, ignoring differences in normalization, using the collation rules of the current locale. NF must be either `UNINORM_NFC' or `UNINORM_NFKC'. If successful, sets `*RESULTP' to -1 if S1 < S2, 0 if S1 = S2, 1 if S1 > S2, and returns 0. Upon failure, returns -1 with `errno' set.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Normalization of streams, Prev: Normalizing comparisons, Up: uninorm.h 12.5 Normalization of streams of Unicode characters =================================================== A "stream of Unicode characters" is essentially a function that accepts an `ucs4_t' argument repeatedly, optionally combined with a function that "flushes" the stream. -- Type: struct uninorm_filter This is the data type of a stream of Unicode characters that normalizes its input according to a given normalization form and passes the normalized character sequence to the encapsulated stream of Unicode characters. -- Function: struct uninorm_filter * uninorm_filter_create (uninorm_t NF, int (*STREAM_FUNC) (void *STREAM_DATA, ucs4_t UC), void *STREAM_DATA) Creates and returns a normalization filter for Unicode characters. The pair (STREAM_FUNC, STREAM_DATA) is the encapsulated stream. `STREAM_FUNC (STREAM_DATA, UC)' receives the Unicode character UC and returns 0 if successful, or -1 with `errno' set upon failure. Returns the new filter, or NULL with `errno' set upon failure. -- Function: int uninorm_filter_write (struct uninorm_filter *FILTER, ucs4_t UC) Stuffs a Unicode character into a normalizing filter. Returns 0 if successful, or -1 with `errno' set upon failure. -- Function: int uninorm_filter_flush (struct uninorm_filter *FILTER) Brings data buffered in the filter to its destination, the encapsulated stream. Returns 0 if successful, or -1 with `errno' set upon failure. Note! If after calling this function, additional characters are written into the filter, the resulting character sequence in the encapsulated stream will not necessarily be normalized. -- Function: int uninorm_filter_free (struct uninorm_filter *FILTER) Brings data buffered in the filter to its destination, the encapsulated stream, then closes and frees the filter. Returns 0 if successful, or -1 with `errno' set upon failure.  File: libunistring.info, Node: unicase.h, Next: uniregex.h, Prev: uninorm.h, Up: Top 13 Case mappings `' ****************************** This include file defines functions for case mapping for Unicode strings and case insensitive comparison of Unicode strings and C strings. These string functions fix the problems that were mentioned in *note char * strings::, namely, they handle the Croatian LETTER DZ WITH CARON, the German LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S, the Greek sigma and the Lithuanian i correctly. * Menu: * Case mappings of characters:: * Case mappings of strings:: * Case mappings of substrings:: * Case insensitive comparison:: * Case detection::  File: libunistring.info, Node: Case mappings of characters, Next: Case mappings of strings, Up: unicase.h 13.1 Case mappings of characters ================================ The following functions implement case mappings on Unicode characters -- for those cases only where the result of the mapping is a again a single Unicode character. These mappings are locale and context independent. *WARNING!* These functions are not sufficient for languages such as German, Greek and Lithuanian. Better use the functions below that treat an entire string at once and are language aware. -- Function: ucs4_t uc_toupper (ucs4_t UC) Returns the uppercase mapping of the Unicode character UC. -- Function: ucs4_t uc_tolower (ucs4_t UC) Returns the lowercase mapping of the Unicode character UC. -- Function: ucs4_t uc_totitle (ucs4_t UC) Returns the titlecase mapping of the Unicode character UC. The titlecase mapping of a character is to be used when the character should look like upper case and the following characters are lower cased. For most characters, this is the same as the uppercase mapping. There are only few characters where the title case variant and the uuper case variant are different. These characters occur in the Latin writing of the Croatian, Bosnian, and Serbian languages. Lower case Title case Upper case ------------------------------------------------------------------ LATIN SMALL LETTER LJ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH SMALL LETTER J LJ LATIN SMALL LETTER NJ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH SMALL LETTER J NJ LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z DZ LATIN SMALL LETTER LATIN CAPITAL LETTER LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DZ WITH CARON D WITH SMALL LETTER DZ WITH CARON Z WITH CARON  File: libunistring.info, Node: Case mappings of strings, Next: Case mappings of substrings, Prev: Case mappings of characters, Up: unicase.h 13.2 Case mappings of strings ============================= Case mapping should always be performed on entire strings, not on individual characters. The functions in this sections do so. These functions allow to apply a normalization after the case mapping. The reason is that if you want to treat `ä' and `Ä' the same, you most often also want to treat the composed and decomposed forms of such a character, U+00C4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS and U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A U+0308 COMBINING DIAERESIS the same. The NF argument designates the normalization. These functions are locale dependent. The ISO639_LANGUAGE argument identifies the language (e.g. `"tr"' for Turkish). NULL means to use locale independent case mappings. -- Function: const char * uc_locale_language () Returns the ISO 639 language code of the current locale. Returns `""' if it is unknown, or in the "C" locale. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_toupper (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint8_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_toupper (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint16_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_toupper (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint32_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Returns the uppercase mapping of a string. The NF argument identifies the normalization form to apply after the case-mapping. It can also be NULL, for no normalization. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_tolower (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint8_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_tolower (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint16_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_tolower (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint32_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Returns the lowercase mapping of a string. The NF argument identifies the normalization form to apply after the case-mapping. It can also be NULL, for no normalization. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_totitle (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint8_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_totitle (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint16_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_totitle (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint32_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Returns the titlecase mapping of a string. Mapping to title case means that, in each word, the first cased character is being mapped to title case and the remaining characters of the word are being mapped to lower case. The NF argument identifies the normalization form to apply after the case-mapping. It can also be NULL, for no normalization.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Case mappings of substrings, Next: Case insensitive comparison, Prev: Case mappings of strings, Up: unicase.h 13.3 Case mappings of substrings ================================ Case mapping of a substring cannot simply be performed by extracting the substring and then applying the case mapping function to it. This does not work because case mapping requires some information about the surrounding characters. The following functions allow to apply case mappings to substrings of a given string, while taking into account the characters that precede it (the "prefix") and the characters that follow it (the "suffix"). -- Type: casing_prefix_context_t This data type denotes the case-mapping context that is given by a prefix string. It is an immediate type that can be copied by simple assignment, without involving memory allocation. It is not an array type. -- Constant: casing_prefix_context_t unicase_empty_prefix_context This constant is the case-mapping context that corresponds to an empty prefix string. The following functions return `casing_prefix_context_t' objects: -- Function: casing_prefix_context_t u8_casing_prefix_context (const uint8_t *S, size_t N) -- Function: casing_prefix_context_t u16_casing_prefix_context (const uint16_t *S, size_t N) -- Function: casing_prefix_context_t u32_casing_prefix_context (const uint32_t *S, size_t N) Returns the case-mapping context of a given prefix string. -- Function: casing_prefix_context_t u8_casing_prefixes_context (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, casing_prefix_context_t A_CONTEXT) -- Function: casing_prefix_context_t u16_casing_prefixes_context (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, casing_prefix_context_t A_CONTEXT) -- Function: casing_prefix_context_t u32_casing_prefixes_context (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, casing_prefix_context_t A_CONTEXT) Returns the case-mapping context of the prefix concat(A, S), given the case-mapping context of the prefix A. -- Type: casing_suffix_context_t This data type denotes the case-mapping context that is given by a suffix string. It is an immediate type that can be copied by simple assignment, without involving memory allocation. It is not an array type. -- Constant: casing_suffix_context_t unicase_empty_suffix_context This constant is the case-mapping context that corresponds to an empty suffix string. The following functions return `casing_suffix_context_t' objects: -- Function: casing_suffix_context_t u8_casing_suffix_context (const uint8_t *S, size_t N) -- Function: casing_suffix_context_t u16_casing_suffix_context (const uint16_t *S, size_t N) -- Function: casing_suffix_context_t u32_casing_suffix_context (const uint32_t *S, size_t N) Returns the case-mapping context of a given suffix string. -- Function: casing_suffix_context_t u8_casing_suffixes_context (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, casing_suffix_context_t A_CONTEXT) -- Function: casing_suffix_context_t u16_casing_suffixes_context (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, casing_suffix_context_t A_CONTEXT) -- Function: casing_suffix_context_t u32_casing_suffixes_context (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, casing_suffix_context_t A_CONTEXT) Returns the case-mapping context of the suffix concat(S, A), given the case-mapping context of the suffix A. The following functions perform a case mapping, considering the prefix context and the suffix context. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_ct_toupper (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, casing_prefix_context_t PREFIX_CONTEXT, casing_suffix_context_t SUFFIX_CONTEXT, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint8_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_ct_toupper (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, casing_prefix_context_t PREFIX_CONTEXT, casing_suffix_context_t SUFFIX_CONTEXT, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint16_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_ct_toupper (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, casing_prefix_context_t PREFIX_CONTEXT, casing_suffix_context_t SUFFIX_CONTEXT, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint32_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Returns the uppercase mapping of a string that is surrounded by a prefix and a suffix. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_ct_tolower (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, casing_prefix_context_t PREFIX_CONTEXT, casing_suffix_context_t SUFFIX_CONTEXT, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint8_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_ct_tolower (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, casing_prefix_context_t PREFIX_CONTEXT, casing_suffix_context_t SUFFIX_CONTEXT, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint16_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_ct_tolower (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, casing_prefix_context_t PREFIX_CONTEXT, casing_suffix_context_t SUFFIX_CONTEXT, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint32_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Returns the lowercase mapping of a string that is surrounded by a prefix and a suffix. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_ct_totitle (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, casing_prefix_context_t PREFIX_CONTEXT, casing_suffix_context_t SUFFIX_CONTEXT, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint8_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_ct_totitle (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, casing_prefix_context_t PREFIX_CONTEXT, casing_suffix_context_t SUFFIX_CONTEXT, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint16_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_ct_totitle (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, casing_prefix_context_t PREFIX_CONTEXT, casing_suffix_context_t SUFFIX_CONTEXT, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint32_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Returns the titlecase mapping of a string that is surrounded by a prefix and a suffix. For example, to uppercase the UTF-8 substring between `s + start_index' and `s + end_index' of a string that extends from `s' to `s + u8_strlen (s)', you can use the statements size_t result_length; uint8_t result = u8_ct_toupper (s + start_index, end_index - start_index, u8_casing_prefix_context (s, start_index), u8_casing_suffix_context (s + end_index, u8_strlen (s) - end_index), iso639_language, NULL, NULL, &result_length);  File: libunistring.info, Node: Case insensitive comparison, Next: Case detection, Prev: Case mappings of substrings, Up: unicase.h 13.4 Case insensitive comparison ================================ The following functions implement comparison that ignores differences in case and normalization. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_casefold (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint8_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_casefold (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint16_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_casefold (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint32_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Returns the case folded string. Comparing `u8_casefold (S1)' and `u8_casefold (S2)' with the `u8_cmp2' function is equivalent to comparing S1 and S2 with `u8_casecmp'. The NF argument identifies the normalization form to apply after the case-mapping. It can also be NULL, for no normalization. -- Function: uint8_t * u8_ct_casefold (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, casing_prefix_context_t PREFIX_CONTEXT, casing_suffix_context_t SUFFIX_CONTEXT, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint8_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint16_t * u16_ct_casefold (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, casing_prefix_context_t PREFIX_CONTEXT, casing_suffix_context_t SUFFIX_CONTEXT, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint16_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: uint32_t * u32_ct_casefold (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, casing_prefix_context_t PREFIX_CONTEXT, casing_suffix_context_t SUFFIX_CONTEXT, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, uint32_t *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Returns the case folded string. The case folding takes into account the case mapping contexts of the prefix and suffix strings. -- Function: int u8_casecmp (const uint8_t *S1, size_t N1, const uint8_t *S2, size_t N2, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, int *RESULTP) -- Function: int u16_casecmp (const uint16_t *S1, size_t N1, const uint16_t *S2, size_t N2, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, int *RESULTP) -- Function: int u32_casecmp (const uint32_t *S1, size_t N1, const uint32_t *S2, size_t N2, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, int *RESULTP) -- Function: int ulc_casecmp (const char *S1, size_t N1, const char *S2, size_t N2, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, int *RESULTP) Compares S1 and S2, ignoring differences in case and normalization. The NF argument identifies the normalization form to apply after the case-mapping. It can also be NULL, for no normalization. If successful, sets `*RESULTP' to -1 if S1 < S2, 0 if S1 = S2, 1 if S1 > S2, and returns 0. Upon failure, returns -1 with `errno' set. The following functions additionally take into account the sorting rules of the current locale. -- Function: char * u8_casexfrm (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, char *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: char * u16_casexfrm (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, char *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: char * u32_casexfrm (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, char *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) -- Function: char * ulc_casexfrm (const char *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, char *RESULTBUF, size_t *LENGTHP) Converts the string S of length N to a NUL-terminated byte sequence, in such a way that comparing `u8_casexfrm (S1)' and `u8_casexfrm (S2)' with the gnulib function `memcmp2' is equivalent to comparing S1 and S2 with `u8_casecoll'. NF must be either `UNINORM_NFC', `UNINORM_NFKC', or NULL for no normalization. -- Function: int u8_casecoll (const uint8_t *S1, size_t N1, const uint8_t *S2, size_t N2, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, int *RESULTP) -- Function: int u16_casecoll (const uint16_t *S1, size_t N1, const uint16_t *S2, size_t N2, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, int *RESULTP) -- Function: int u32_casecoll (const uint32_t *S1, size_t N1, const uint32_t *S2, size_t N2, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, int *RESULTP) -- Function: int ulc_casecoll (const char *S1, size_t N1, const char *S2, size_t N2, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, uninorm_t NF, int *RESULTP) Compares S1 and S2, ignoring differences in case and normalization, using the collation rules of the current locale. The NF argument identifies the normalization form to apply after the case-mapping. It must be either `UNINORM_NFC' or `UNINORM_NFKC'. It can also be NULL, for no normalization. If successful, sets `*RESULTP' to -1 if S1 < S2, 0 if S1 = S2, 1 if S1 > S2, and returns 0. Upon failure, returns -1 with `errno' set.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Case detection, Prev: Case insensitive comparison, Up: unicase.h 13.5 Case detection =================== The following functions determine whether a Unicode string is entirely in upper case. or entirely in lower case, or entirely in title case, or already case-folded. -- Function: int u8_is_uppercase (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, bool *RESULTP) -- Function: int u16_is_uppercase (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, bool *RESULTP) -- Function: int u32_is_uppercase (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, bool *RESULTP) Sets `*RESULTP' to true if mapping NFD(S) to upper case is a no-op, or to false otherwise, and returns 0. Upon failure, returns -1 with `errno' set. -- Function: int u8_is_lowercase (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, bool *RESULTP) -- Function: int u16_is_lowercase (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, bool *RESULTP) -- Function: int u32_is_lowercase (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, bool *RESULTP) Sets `*RESULTP' to true if mapping NFD(S) to lower case is a no-op, or to false otherwise, and returns 0. Upon failure, returns -1 with `errno' set. -- Function: int u8_is_titlecase (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, bool *RESULTP) -- Function: int u16_is_titlecase (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, bool *RESULTP) -- Function: int u32_is_titlecase (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, bool *RESULTP) Sets `*RESULTP' to true if mapping NFD(S) to title case is a no-op, or to false otherwise, and returns 0. Upon failure, returns -1 with `errno' set. -- Function: int u8_is_casefolded (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, bool *RESULTP) -- Function: int u16_is_casefolded (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, bool *RESULTP) -- Function: int u32_is_casefolded (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, bool *RESULTP) Sets `*RESULTP' to true if applying case folding to NFD(S) is a no-op, or to false otherwise, and returns 0. Upon failure, returns -1 with `errno' set. The following functions determine whether case mappings have any effect on a Unicode string. -- Function: int u8_is_cased (const uint8_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, bool *RESULTP) -- Function: int u16_is_cased (const uint16_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, bool *RESULTP) -- Function: int u32_is_cased (const uint32_t *S, size_t N, const char *ISO639_LANGUAGE, bool *RESULTP) Sets `*RESULTP' to true if case matters for S, that is, if mapping NFD(S) to either upper case or lower case or title case is not a no-op. Set `*RESULTP' to false if NFD(S) maps to itself under the upper case mapping, under the lower case mapping, and under the title case mapping; in other words, when NFD(S) consists entirely of caseless characters. Upon failure, returns -1 with `errno' set.  File: libunistring.info, Node: uniregex.h, Next: Using the library, Prev: unicase.h, Up: Top 14 Regular expressions `' ************************************* This include file is not yet implemented.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Using the library, Next: More functionality, Prev: uniregex.h, Up: Top 15 Using the library ******************** This chapter explains some practical considerations, regarding the installation and compiler options that are needed in order to use this library. * Menu: * Installation:: * Compiler options:: * Include files:: * Autoconf macro:: * Reporting problems::  File: libunistring.info, Node: Installation, Next: Compiler options, Up: Using the library 15.1 Installation ================= Before you can use the library, it must be installed. First, you have to make sure all dependencies are installed. They are listed in the file `DEPENDENCIES'. Then you can proceed to build and install the library, as described in the file `INSTALL'. For installation on Windows systems, please refer to the file `README.woe32'.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Compiler options, Next: Include files, Prev: Installation, Up: Using the library 15.2 Compiler options ===================== Let's denote as `LIBUNISTRING_PREFIX' the value of the `--prefix' option that you passed to `configure' while installing this package. If you didn't pass any `--prefix' option, then the package is installed in `/usr/local'. Let's denote as `LIBUNISTRING_INCLUDEDIR' the directory where the include files were installed. This is usually the same as `${LIBUNISTRING_PREFIX}/include'. Except that if you passed an `--includedir' option to `configure', it is the value of that option. Let's further denote as `LIBUNISTRING_LIBDIR' the directory where the library itself was installed. This is the value that you passed with the `--libdir' option to `configure', or otherwise the same as `${LIBUNISTRING_PREFIX}/lib'. Recall that when building in 64-bit mode on a 64-bit GNU/Linux system that supports executables in either 64-bit mode or 32-bit mode, you should have used the option `--libdir=${LIBUNISTRING_PREFIX}/lib64'. So that the compiler finds the include files, you have to pass it the option `-I${LIBUNISTRING_INCLUDEDIR}'. So that the compiler finds the library during its linking pass, you have to pass it the options `-L${LIBUNISTRING_LIBDIR} -lunistring'. On some systems, in some configurations, you also have to pass options needed for linking with `libiconv'. The autoconf macro `gl_LIBUNISTRING' (see *note Autoconf macro::) deals with this particularity.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Include files, Next: Autoconf macro, Prev: Compiler options, Up: Using the library 15.3 Include files ================== Most of the include files have been presented in the introduction, see *note Introduction::, and subsequent detailed chapters. Another include file is `'. It contains the version number of the libunistring library. -- Macro: int _LIBUNISTRING_VERSION This constant contains the version of libunistring that is being used at compile time. It encodes the major and minor parts of the version number only. These parts are encoded in the form `(major<<8) + minor'. -- Constant: int _libunistring_version This constant contains the version of libunistring that is being used at run time. It encodes the major and minor parts of the version number only. These parts are encoded in the form `(major<<8) + minor'. It is possible that `_libunistring_version' is greater than `_LIBUNISTRING_VERSION'. This can happen when you use `libunistring' as a shared library, and a newer, binary backward-compatible version has been installed after your program that uses `libunistring' was installed.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Autoconf macro, Next: Reporting problems, Prev: Include files, Up: Using the library 15.4 Autoconf macro =================== GNU Gnulib provides an autoconf macro that tests for the availability of `libunistring'. It is contained in the Gnulib module `libunistring', see `http://www.gnu.org/software/gnulib/MODULES.html#module=libunistring'. The macro is called `gl_LIBUNISTRING'. It searches for an installed libunistring. If found, it sets and AC_SUBSTs `HAVE_LIBUNISTRING=yes' and the `LIBUNISTRING' and `LTLIBUNISTRING' variables and augments the `CPPFLAGS' variable, and defines the C macro `HAVE_LIBUNISTRING' to 1. Otherwise, it sets and AC_SUBSTs `HAVE_LIBUNISTRING=no' and `LIBUNISTRING' and `LTLIBUNISTRING' to empty. The complexities that `gl_LIBUNISTRING' deals with are the following: * On some operating systems, in some configurations, libunistring depends on `libiconv', and the options for linking with libiconv must be mentioned explicitly on the link command line. * GNU `libunistring', if installed, is not necessarily already in the search path (`CPPFLAGS' for the include file search path, `LDFLAGS' for the library search path). * GNU `libunistring', if installed, is not necessarily already in the run time library search path. To avoid the need for setting an environment variable like `LD_LIBRARY_PATH', the macro adds the appropriate run time search path options to the `LIBUNISTRING' variable. This works on most systems.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Reporting problems, Prev: Autoconf macro, Up: Using the library 15.5 Reporting problems ======================= If you encounter any problem, please don't hesitate to send a detailed bug report to the `bug-libunistring@gnu.org' mailing list. You can alternatively also use the bug tracker at the project page `https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/libunistring'. Please always include the version number of this library, and a short description of your operating system and compilation environment with corresponding version numbers. For problems that appear while building and installing `libunistring', for which you don't find the remedy in the `INSTALL' file, please include a description of the options that you passed to the `configure' script.  File: libunistring.info, Node: More functionality, Next: Licenses, Prev: Using the library, Up: Top 16 More advanced functionality ****************************** For bidirectional reordering of strings, we recommend the GNU FriBidi library: `http://www.fribidi.org/'. For the rendering of Unicode strings outside of the context of a given toolkit (KDE/Qt or GNOME/Gtk), we recommend the Pango library: `http://www.pango.org/'.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Licenses, Next: Index, Prev: More functionality, Up: Top Appendix A Licenses ******************* The files of this package are covered by the licenses indicated in each particular file or directory. Here is a summary: * The `libunistring' library is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). A copy of the license is included in *note GNU LGPL::. * This manual is free documentation. It is dually licensed under the GNU FDL and the GNU GPL. This means that you can redistribute this manual under either of these two licenses, at your choice. This manual is covered by the GNU FDL. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (FDL), either version 1.2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version published by the Free Software Foundation (FSF); with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Text, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in *note GNU FDL::. This manual is covered by the GNU GPL. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL), either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version published by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). A copy of the license is included in *note GNU GPL::. * Menu: * GNU GPL:: GNU General Public License * GNU LGPL:: GNU Lesser General Public License * GNU FDL:: GNU Free Documentation License  File: libunistring.info, Node: GNU GPL, Next: GNU LGPL, Up: Licenses A.1 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE ============================== Version 3, 29 June 2007 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. `http://fsf.org/' Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble ======== The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works. 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Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under section 10. 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies. You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so. 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients. Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License. An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts. You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. 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You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007. Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law. 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom. If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such. 14. Revised Versions of this License. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program. Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version. 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 16. Limitation of Liability. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS =========================== How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs ============================================= If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND A BRIEF IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES. Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see `http://www.gnu.org/licenses/'. Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: PROGRAM Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see `http://www.gnu.org/licenses/'. The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read `http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html'.  File: libunistring.info, Node: GNU LGPL, Next: GNU FDL, Prev: GNU GPL, Up: Licenses A.2 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE ===================================== Version 3, 29 June 2007 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. `http://fsf.org/' Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below. 0. Additional Definitions. As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License. "The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License, other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below. An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library. Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode of using an interface provided by the Library. A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an Application with the Library. The particular version of the Library with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked Version". 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If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified version: a. under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to ensure that, in the event an Application does not supply the function or data, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful, or b. under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of this License applicable to that copy. 3. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files. The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from a header file that is part of the Library. You may convey such object code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated material is not limited to numerical parameters, data structure layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates (ten or fewer lines in length), you do both of the following: a. Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License. b. Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license document. 4. Combined Works. You may convey a Combined Work under terms of your choice that, taken together, effectively do not restrict modification of the portions of the Library contained in the Combined Work and reverse engineering for debugging such modifications, if you also do each of the following: a. Give prominent notice with each copy of the Combined Work that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License. b. Accompany the Combined Work with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license document. c. For a Combined Work that displays copyright notices during execution, include the copyright notice for the Library among these notices, as well as a reference directing the user to the copies of the GNU GPL and this license document. d. Do one of the following: 0. Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, and the Corresponding Application Code in a form suitable for, and under terms that permit, the user to recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of the Linked Version to produce a modified Combined Work, in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying Corresponding Source. 1. Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the Library. 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You may place library facilities that are a work based on the Library side by side in a single library together with other library facilities that are not Applications and are not covered by this License, and convey such a combined library under terms of your choice, if you do both of the following: a. Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities, conveyed under the terms of this License. b. Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work. 6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library as you received it specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Lesser General Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that published version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library as you received it does not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser General Public License, you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser General Public License ever published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License shall apply, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of any version is permanent authorization for you to choose that version for the Library.  File: libunistring.info, Node: GNU FDL, Prev: GNU LGPL, Up: Licenses A.3 GNU Free Documentation License ================================== Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. `http://fsf.org/' Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 0. PREAMBLE The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others. This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software. We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. 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The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents ==================================================== To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page: Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''. If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.  File: libunistring.info, Node: Index, Prev: Licenses, Up: Top Index ***** [index] * Menu: * ambiguous width: uniwidth.h. (line 10) * argument conventions: Conventions. (line 9) * autoconf macro: Autoconf macro. (line 6) * bidirectional category: Bidirectional category. (line 6) * bidirectional reordering: More functionality. (line 6) * block: Blocks. (line 6) * breaks, line: unilbrk.h. (line 6) * breaks, word: uniwbrk.h. (line 6) * bug reports: Reporting problems. (line 6) * bug tracker: Reporting problems. (line 6) * C string functions: char * strings. (line 6) * C, programming language: ISO C and Java syntax. (line 6) * C-like API: Classifications like in ISO C. (line 6) * canonical combining class: Canonical combining class. (line 6) * case detection: Case detection. (line 6) * case mappings: Case mappings of strings. (line 6) * casing_prefix_context_t: Case mappings of substrings. (line 15) * casing_suffix_context_t: Case mappings of substrings. (line 46) * char, type: char * strings. (line 23) * combining, Unicode characters: Composition of characters. (line 6) * comparing <1>: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 128) * comparing: Elementary string functions. (line 108) * comparing, ignoring case: Case insensitive comparison. (line 6) * comparing, ignoring case, with collation rules: Case insensitive comparison. (line 66) * comparing, ignoring normalization: Normalizing comparisons. (line 6) * comparing, ignoring normalization and case: Case insensitive comparison. (line 6) * comparing, ignoring normalization and case, with collation rules: Case insensitive comparison. (line 66) * comparing, ignoring normalization, with collation rules: Normalizing comparisons. (line 23) * comparing, with collation rules: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 140) * comparing, with collation rules, ignoring case: Case insensitive comparison. (line 66) * comparing, with collation rules, ignoring normalization: Normalizing comparisons. (line 23) * comparing, with collation rules, ignoring normalization and case: Case insensitive comparison. (line 66) * compiler options: Compiler options. (line 24) * composing, Unicode characters: Composition of characters. (line 6) * converting <1>: uniconv.h. (line 45) * converting: Elementary string conversions. (line 6) * copying <1>: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 61) * copying: Elementary string functions. (line 72) * counting: Elementary string functions. (line 153) * decomposing: Decomposition of characters. (line 6) * dependencies: Installation. (line 6) * detecting case: Case detection. (line 6) * duplicating <1>: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 166) * duplicating: Elementary string functions with memory allocation. (line 6) * enum iconv_ilseq_handler: uniconv.h. (line 30) * FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU FDL. (line 6) * formatted output: unistdio.h. (line 6) * fullwidth: uniwidth.h. (line 22) * general category: General category. (line 6) * gl_LIBUNISTRING: Autoconf macro. (line 11) * GPL, GNU General Public License: GNU GPL. (line 6) * halfwidth: uniwidth.h. (line 22) * identifiers: ISO C and Java syntax. (line 6) * installation: Installation. (line 10) * internationalization: Unicode and i18n. (line 6) * iterating <1>: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 15) * iterating: Elementary string functions. (line 6) * Java, programming language: ISO C and Java syntax. (line 6) * LGPL, GNU Lesser General Public License: GNU LGPL. (line 6) * License, GNU FDL: GNU FDL. (line 6) * License, GNU GPL: GNU GPL. (line 6) * License, GNU LGPL: GNU LGPL. (line 6) * Licenses: Licenses. (line 6) * line breaks: unilbrk.h. (line 6) * locale: Locale encodings. (line 6) * locale categories: Locale encodings. (line 10) * locale encoding <1>: uniconv.h. (line 10) * locale encoding: Locale encodings. (line 28) * locale language: Case mappings of strings. (line 16) * locale, multibyte: char * strings. (line 13) * locale_charset: uniconv.h. (line 13) * lowercasing: Case mappings of strings. (line 6) * mailing list: Reporting problems. (line 6) * mirroring, of Unicode character: Mirrored character. (line 6) * normal forms: uninorm.h. (line 6) * normalizing: uninorm.h. (line 6) * output, formatted: unistdio.h. (line 6) * properties, of Unicode character: Properties. (line 6) * regular expression: uniregex.h. (line 6) * rendering: More functionality. (line 9) * return value conventions: Conventions. (line 47) * scripts: Scripts. (line 6) * searching, for a character <1>: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 176) * searching, for a character: Elementary string functions. (line 140) * searching, for a substring: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 232) * stream, normalizing a: Normalization of streams. (line 6) * struct uninorm_filter: Normalization of streams. (line 11) * titlecasing: Case mappings of strings. (line 6) * u16_asnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 132) * u16_asprintf: unistdio.h. (line 129) * u16_casecmp: Case insensitive comparison. (line 51) * u16_casecoll: Case insensitive comparison. (line 95) * u16_casefold: Case insensitive comparison. (line 15) * u16_casexfrm: Case insensitive comparison. (line 75) * u16_casing_prefix_context: Case mappings of substrings. (line 30) * u16_casing_prefixes_context: Case mappings of substrings. (line 39) * u16_casing_suffix_context: Case mappings of substrings. (line 61) * u16_casing_suffixes_context: Case mappings of substrings. (line 70) * u16_check: Elementary string checks. (line 11) * u16_chr: Elementary string functions. (line 145) * u16_cmp: Elementary string functions. (line 115) * u16_cmp2: Elementary string functions. (line 131) * u16_conv_from_encoding: uniconv.h. (line 54) * u16_conv_to_encoding: uniconv.h. (line 91) * u16_cpy: Elementary string functions. (line 78) * u16_cpy_alloc: Elementary string functions with memory allocation. (line 10) * u16_ct_casefold: Case insensitive comparison. (line 37) * u16_ct_tolower: Case mappings of substrings. (line 107) * u16_ct_totitle: Case mappings of substrings. (line 125) * u16_ct_toupper: Case mappings of substrings. (line 89) * u16_endswith: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 258) * u16_is_cased: Case detection. (line 57) * u16_is_casefolded: Case detection. (line 44) * u16_is_lowercase: Case detection. (line 24) * u16_is_titlecase: Case detection. (line 34) * u16_is_uppercase: Case detection. (line 14) * u16_mblen: Elementary string functions. (line 11) * u16_mbsnlen: Elementary string functions. (line 157) * u16_mbtouc: Elementary string functions. (line 38) * u16_mbtouc_unsafe: Elementary string functions. (line 23) * u16_mbtoucr: Elementary string functions. (line 45) * u16_move: Elementary string functions. (line 89) * u16_next: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 24) * u16_normalize: Normalization of strings. (line 50) * u16_normcmp: Normalizing comparisons. (line 13) * u16_normcoll: Normalizing comparisons. (line 40) * u16_normxfrm: Normalizing comparisons. (line 27) * u16_possible_linebreaks: unilbrk.h. (line 46) * u16_prev: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 36) * u16_set: Elementary string functions. (line 101) * u16_snprintf: unistdio.h. (line 126) * u16_sprintf: unistdio.h. (line 123) * u16_startswith: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 250) * u16_stpcpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 76) * u16_stpncpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 99) * u16_strcat: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 110) * u16_strchr: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 180) * u16_strcmp: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 132) * u16_strcoll: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 142) * u16_strconv_from_encoding: uniconv.h. (line 129) * u16_strconv_from_locale: uniconv.h. (line 157) * u16_strconv_to_encoding: uniconv.h. (line 142) * u16_strconv_to_locale: uniconv.h. (line 167) * u16_strcpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 66) * u16_strcspn: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 201) * u16_strdup: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 170) * u16_strlen: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 47) * u16_strmblen: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 11) * u16_strmbtouc: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 17) * u16_strncat: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 121) * u16_strncmp: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 159) * u16_strncpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 88) * u16_strnlen: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 55) * u16_strpbrk: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 225) * u16_strrchr: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 188) * u16_strspn: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 213) * u16_strstr: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 239) * u16_strtok: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 268) * u16_strwidth: uniwidth.h. (line 39) * u16_to_u32: Elementary string conversions. (line 23) * u16_to_u8: Elementary string conversions. (line 19) * u16_tolower: Case mappings of strings. (line 44) * u16_totitle: Case mappings of strings. (line 58) * u16_toupper: Case mappings of strings. (line 30) * u16_u16_asnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 159) * u16_u16_asprintf: unistdio.h. (line 156) * u16_u16_snprintf: unistdio.h. (line 153) * u16_u16_sprintf: unistdio.h. (line 150) * u16_u16_vasnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 171) * u16_u16_vasprintf: unistdio.h. (line 168) * u16_u16_vsnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 165) * u16_u16_vsprintf: unistdio.h. (line 162) * u16_uctomb: Elementary string functions. (line 62) * u16_vasnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 144) * u16_vasprintf: unistdio.h. (line 141) * u16_vsnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 138) * u16_vsprintf: unistdio.h. (line 135) * u16_width: uniwidth.h. (line 31) * u16_width_linebreaks: unilbrk.h. (line 65) * u16_wordbreaks: Word breaks in a string. (line 10) * u32_asnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 185) * u32_asprintf: unistdio.h. (line 182) * u32_casecmp: Case insensitive comparison. (line 54) * u32_casecoll: Case insensitive comparison. (line 98) * u32_casefold: Case insensitive comparison. (line 18) * u32_casexfrm: Case insensitive comparison. (line 78) * u32_casing_prefix_context: Case mappings of substrings. (line 32) * u32_casing_prefixes_context: Case mappings of substrings. (line 42) * u32_casing_suffix_context: Case mappings of substrings. (line 63) * u32_casing_suffixes_context: Case mappings of substrings. (line 73) * u32_check: Elementary string checks. (line 12) * u32_chr: Elementary string functions. (line 147) * u32_cmp: Elementary string functions. (line 117) * u32_cmp2: Elementary string functions. (line 133) * u32_conv_from_encoding: uniconv.h. (line 57) * u32_conv_to_encoding: uniconv.h. (line 94) * u32_cpy: Elementary string functions. (line 80) * u32_cpy_alloc: Elementary string functions with memory allocation. (line 11) * u32_ct_casefold: Case insensitive comparison. (line 42) * u32_ct_tolower: Case mappings of substrings. (line 112) * u32_ct_totitle: Case mappings of substrings. (line 130) * u32_ct_toupper: Case mappings of substrings. (line 94) * u32_endswith: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 260) * u32_is_cased: Case detection. (line 59) * u32_is_casefolded: Case detection. (line 46) * u32_is_lowercase: Case detection. (line 26) * u32_is_titlecase: Case detection. (line 36) * u32_is_uppercase: Case detection. (line 16) * u32_mblen: Elementary string functions. (line 12) * u32_mbsnlen: Elementary string functions. (line 158) * u32_mbtouc: Elementary string functions. (line 39) * u32_mbtouc_unsafe: Elementary string functions. (line 25) * u32_mbtoucr: Elementary string functions. (line 46) * u32_move: Elementary string functions. (line 91) * u32_next: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 25) * u32_normalize: Normalization of strings. (line 52) * u32_normcmp: Normalizing comparisons. (line 15) * u32_normcoll: Normalizing comparisons. (line 42) * u32_normxfrm: Normalizing comparisons. (line 29) * u32_possible_linebreaks: unilbrk.h. (line 48) * u32_prev: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 38) * u32_set: Elementary string functions. (line 102) * u32_snprintf: unistdio.h. (line 179) * u32_sprintf: unistdio.h. (line 176) * u32_startswith: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 252) * u32_stpcpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 78) * u32_stpncpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 101) * u32_strcat: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 112) * u32_strchr: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 181) * u32_strcmp: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 133) * u32_strcoll: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 143) * u32_strconv_from_encoding: uniconv.h. (line 131) * u32_strconv_from_locale: uniconv.h. (line 158) * u32_strconv_to_encoding: uniconv.h. (line 144) * u32_strconv_to_locale: uniconv.h. (line 168) * u32_strcpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 68) * u32_strcspn: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 203) * u32_strdup: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 171) * u32_strlen: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 48) * u32_strmblen: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 12) * u32_strmbtouc: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 18) * u32_strncat: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 123) * u32_strncmp: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 161) * u32_strncpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 90) * u32_strnlen: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 56) * u32_strpbrk: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 227) * u32_strrchr: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 189) * u32_strspn: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 215) * u32_strstr: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 241) * u32_strtok: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 270) * u32_strwidth: uniwidth.h. (line 40) * u32_to_u16: Elementary string conversions. (line 31) * u32_to_u8: Elementary string conversions. (line 27) * u32_tolower: Case mappings of strings. (line 47) * u32_totitle: Case mappings of strings. (line 61) * u32_toupper: Case mappings of strings. (line 33) * u32_u32_asnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 212) * u32_u32_asprintf: unistdio.h. (line 209) * u32_u32_snprintf: unistdio.h. (line 206) * u32_u32_sprintf: unistdio.h. (line 203) * u32_u32_vasnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 224) * u32_u32_vasprintf: unistdio.h. (line 221) * u32_u32_vsnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 218) * u32_u32_vsprintf: unistdio.h. (line 215) * u32_uctomb: Elementary string functions. (line 63) * u32_vasnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 197) * u32_vasprintf: unistdio.h. (line 194) * u32_vsnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 191) * u32_vsprintf: unistdio.h. (line 188) * u32_width: uniwidth.h. (line 33) * u32_width_linebreaks: unilbrk.h. (line 68) * u32_wordbreaks: Word breaks in a string. (line 11) * u8_asnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 79) * u8_asprintf: unistdio.h. (line 76) * u8_casecmp: Case insensitive comparison. (line 48) * u8_casecoll: Case insensitive comparison. (line 92) * u8_casefold: Case insensitive comparison. (line 12) * u8_casexfrm: Case insensitive comparison. (line 72) * u8_casing_prefix_context: Case mappings of substrings. (line 28) * u8_casing_prefixes_context: Case mappings of substrings. (line 36) * u8_casing_suffix_context: Case mappings of substrings. (line 59) * u8_casing_suffixes_context: Case mappings of substrings. (line 67) * u8_check: Elementary string checks. (line 10) * u8_chr: Elementary string functions. (line 143) * u8_cmp: Elementary string functions. (line 113) * u8_cmp2: Elementary string functions. (line 129) * u8_conv_from_encoding: uniconv.h. (line 51) * u8_conv_to_encoding: uniconv.h. (line 88) * u8_cpy: Elementary string functions. (line 76) * u8_cpy_alloc: Elementary string functions with memory allocation. (line 9) * u8_ct_casefold: Case insensitive comparison. (line 32) * u8_ct_tolower: Case mappings of substrings. (line 102) * u8_ct_totitle: Case mappings of substrings. (line 120) * u8_ct_toupper: Case mappings of substrings. (line 84) * u8_endswith: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 256) * u8_is_cased: Case detection. (line 55) * u8_is_casefolded: Case detection. (line 42) * u8_is_lowercase: Case detection. (line 22) * u8_is_titlecase: Case detection. (line 32) * u8_is_uppercase: Case detection. (line 12) * u8_mblen: Elementary string functions. (line 10) * u8_mbsnlen: Elementary string functions. (line 156) * u8_mbtouc: Elementary string functions. (line 37) * u8_mbtouc_unsafe: Elementary string functions. (line 21) * u8_mbtoucr: Elementary string functions. (line 44) * u8_move: Elementary string functions. (line 87) * u8_next: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 23) * u8_normalize: Normalization of strings. (line 48) * u8_normcmp: Normalizing comparisons. (line 11) * u8_normcoll: Normalizing comparisons. (line 38) * u8_normxfrm: Normalizing comparisons. (line 25) * u8_possible_linebreaks: unilbrk.h. (line 44) * u8_prev: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 34) * u8_set: Elementary string functions. (line 100) * u8_snprintf: unistdio.h. (line 73) * u8_sprintf: unistdio.h. (line 70) * u8_startswith: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 248) * u8_stpcpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 74) * u8_stpncpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 97) * u8_strcat: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 108) * u8_strchr: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 179) * u8_strcmp: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 131) * u8_strcoll: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 141) * u8_strconv_from_encoding: uniconv.h. (line 127) * u8_strconv_from_locale: uniconv.h. (line 156) * u8_strconv_to_encoding: uniconv.h. (line 140) * u8_strconv_to_locale: uniconv.h. (line 166) * u8_strcpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 64) * u8_strcspn: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 199) * u8_strdup: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 169) * u8_strlen: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 46) * u8_strmblen: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 10) * u8_strmbtouc: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 16) * u8_strncat: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 119) * u8_strncmp: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 157) * u8_strncpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 86) * u8_strnlen: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 54) * u8_strpbrk: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 223) * u8_strrchr: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 187) * u8_strspn: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 211) * u8_strstr: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 237) * u8_strtok: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings. (line 266) * u8_strwidth: uniwidth.h. (line 38) * u8_to_u16: Elementary string conversions. (line 11) * u8_to_u32: Elementary string conversions. (line 15) * u8_tolower: Case mappings of strings. (line 41) * u8_totitle: Case mappings of strings. (line 55) * u8_toupper: Case mappings of strings. (line 27) * u8_u8_asnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 106) * u8_u8_asprintf: unistdio.h. (line 103) * u8_u8_snprintf: unistdio.h. (line 100) * u8_u8_sprintf: unistdio.h. (line 97) * u8_u8_vasnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 118) * u8_u8_vasprintf: unistdio.h. (line 115) * u8_u8_vsnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 112) * u8_u8_vsprintf: unistdio.h. (line 109) * u8_uctomb: Elementary string functions. (line 61) * u8_vasnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 91) * u8_vasprintf: unistdio.h. (line 88) * u8_vsnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 85) * u8_vsprintf: unistdio.h. (line 82) * u8_width: uniwidth.h. (line 29) * u8_width_linebreaks: unilbrk.h. (line 62) * u8_wordbreaks: Word breaks in a string. (line 9) * uc_all_blocks: Blocks. (line 38) * uc_all_scripts: Scripts. (line 37) * uc_bidi_category: Bidirectional category. (line 88) * uc_bidi_category_byname: Bidirectional category. (line 82) * uc_bidi_category_name: Bidirectional category. (line 79) * uc_block: Blocks. (line 27) * uc_block_t: Blocks. (line 12) * uc_c_ident_category: ISO C and Java syntax. (line 39) * uc_canonical_decomposition: Decomposition of characters. (line 92) * uc_combining_class: Canonical combining class. (line 89) * uc_composition: Composition of characters. (line 10) * uc_decimal_value: Decimal digit value. (line 11) * uc_decomposition: Decomposition of characters. (line 82) * uc_digit_value: Digit value. (line 11) * uc_fraction_t: Numeric value. (line 14) * uc_general_category: Object oriented API. (line 207) * uc_general_category_and: Object oriented API. (line 179) * uc_general_category_and_not: Object oriented API. (line 186) * uc_general_category_byname: Object oriented API. (line 201) * uc_general_category_name: Object oriented API. (line 195) * uc_general_category_or: Object oriented API. (line 173) * uc_general_category_t: Object oriented API. (line 7) * uc_is_alnum: Classifications like in ISO C. (line 14) * uc_is_alpha: Classifications like in ISO C. (line 18) * uc_is_bidi_category: Bidirectional category. (line 91) * uc_is_blank: Classifications like in ISO C. (line 64) * uc_is_block: Blocks. (line 32) * uc_is_c_whitespace: ISO C and Java syntax. (line 10) * uc_is_cntrl: Classifications like in ISO C. (line 24) * uc_is_digit: Classifications like in ISO C. (line 27) * uc_is_general_category: Object oriented API. (line 213) * uc_is_general_category_withtable: Bit mask API. (line 52) * uc_is_graph: Classifications like in ISO C. (line 31) * uc_is_java_whitespace: ISO C and Java syntax. (line 14) * uc_is_lower: Classifications like in ISO C. (line 35) * uc_is_print: Classifications like in ISO C. (line 41) * uc_is_property: Properties as objects. (line 140) * uc_is_property_alphabetic: Properties as functions. (line 10) * uc_is_property_ascii_hex_digit: Properties as functions. (line 74) * uc_is_property_bidi_arabic_digit: Properties as functions. (line 60) * uc_is_property_bidi_arabic_right_to_left: Properties as functions. (line 56) * uc_is_property_bidi_block_separator: Properties as functions. (line 62) * uc_is_property_bidi_boundary_neutral: Properties as functions. (line 66) * uc_is_property_bidi_common_separator: Properties as functions. (line 61) * uc_is_property_bidi_control: Properties as functions. (line 53) * uc_is_property_bidi_embedding_or_override: Properties as functions. (line 68) * uc_is_property_bidi_eur_num_separator: Properties as functions. (line 58) * uc_is_property_bidi_eur_num_terminator: Properties as functions. (line 59) * uc_is_property_bidi_european_digit: Properties as functions. (line 57) * uc_is_property_bidi_hebrew_right_to_left: Properties as functions. (line 55) * uc_is_property_bidi_left_to_right: Properties as functions. (line 54) * uc_is_property_bidi_non_spacing_mark: Properties as functions. (line 65) * uc_is_property_bidi_other_neutral: Properties as functions. (line 69) * uc_is_property_bidi_pdf: Properties as functions. (line 67) * uc_is_property_bidi_segment_separator: Properties as functions. (line 63) * uc_is_property_bidi_whitespace: Properties as functions. (line 64) * uc_is_property_combining: Properties as functions. (line 104) * uc_is_property_composite: Properties as functions. (line 105) * uc_is_property_currency_symbol: Properties as functions. (line 99) * uc_is_property_dash: Properties as functions. (line 91) * uc_is_property_decimal_digit: Properties as functions. (line 106) * uc_is_property_default_ignorable_code_point: Properties as functions. (line 14) * uc_is_property_deprecated: Properties as functions. (line 17) * uc_is_property_diacritic: Properties as functions. (line 108) * uc_is_property_extender: Properties as functions. (line 109) * uc_is_property_format_control: Properties as functions. (line 90) * uc_is_property_grapheme_base: Properties as functions. (line 46) * uc_is_property_grapheme_extend: Properties as functions. (line 47) * uc_is_property_grapheme_link: Properties as functions. (line 49) * uc_is_property_hex_digit: Properties as functions. (line 73) * uc_is_property_hyphen: Properties as functions. (line 92) * uc_is_property_id_continue: Properties as functions. (line 36) * uc_is_property_id_start: Properties as functions. (line 34) * uc_is_property_ideographic: Properties as functions. (line 78) * uc_is_property_ids_binary_operator: Properties as functions. (line 81) * uc_is_property_ids_trinary_operator: Properties as functions. (line 82) * uc_is_property_ignorable_control: Properties as functions. (line 110) * uc_is_property_iso_control: Properties as functions. (line 89) * uc_is_property_join_control: Properties as functions. (line 45) * uc_is_property_left_of_pair: Properties as functions. (line 103) * uc_is_property_line_separator: Properties as functions. (line 94) * uc_is_property_logical_order_exception: Properties as functions. (line 18) * uc_is_property_lowercase: Properties as functions. (line 27) * uc_is_property_math: Properties as functions. (line 100) * uc_is_property_non_break: Properties as functions. (line 88) * uc_is_property_not_a_character: Properties as functions. (line 12) * uc_is_property_numeric: Properties as functions. (line 107) * uc_is_property_other_alphabetic: Properties as functions. (line 11) * uc_is_property_other_default_ignorable_code_point: Properties as functions. (line 16) * uc_is_property_other_grapheme_extend: Properties as functions. (line 48) * uc_is_property_other_id_continue: Properties as functions. (line 37) * uc_is_property_other_id_start: Properties as functions. (line 35) * uc_is_property_other_lowercase: Properties as functions. (line 28) * uc_is_property_other_math: Properties as functions. (line 101) * uc_is_property_other_uppercase: Properties as functions. (line 26) * uc_is_property_paired_punctuation: Properties as functions. (line 102) * uc_is_property_paragraph_separator: Properties as functions. (line 95) * uc_is_property_pattern_syntax: Properties as functions. (line 41) * uc_is_property_pattern_white_space: Properties as functions. (line 40) * uc_is_property_private_use: Properties as functions. (line 20) * uc_is_property_punctuation: Properties as functions. (line 93) * uc_is_property_quotation_mark: Properties as functions. (line 96) * uc_is_property_radical: Properties as functions. (line 80) * uc_is_property_sentence_terminal: Properties as functions. (line 97) * uc_is_property_soft_dotted: Properties as functions. (line 30) * uc_is_property_space: Properties as functions. (line 87) * uc_is_property_terminal_punctuation: Properties as functions. (line 98) * uc_is_property_titlecase: Properties as functions. (line 29) * uc_is_property_unassigned_code_value: Properties as functions. (line 21) * uc_is_property_unified_ideograph: Properties as functions. (line 79) * uc_is_property_uppercase: Properties as functions. (line 25) * uc_is_property_variation_selector: Properties as functions. (line 19) * uc_is_property_white_space: Properties as functions. (line 9) * uc_is_property_xid_continue: Properties as functions. (line 39) * uc_is_property_xid_start: Properties as functions. (line 38) * uc_is_property_zero_width: Properties as functions. (line 86) * uc_is_punct: Classifications like in ISO C. (line 44) * uc_is_script: Scripts. (line 31) * uc_is_space: Classifications like in ISO C. (line 49) * uc_is_upper: Classifications like in ISO C. (line 54) * uc_is_xdigit: Classifications like in ISO C. (line 60) * uc_java_ident_category: ISO C and Java syntax. (line 43) * uc_locale_language: Case mappings of strings. (line 21) * uc_mirror_char: Mirrored character. (line 14) * uc_numeric_value: Numeric value. (line 23) * uc_property_byname: Properties as objects. (line 123) * uc_property_is_valid: Properties as objects. (line 133) * uc_property_t: Properties as objects. (line 9) * uc_script: Scripts. (line 20) * uc_script_byname: Scripts. (line 25) * uc_script_t: Scripts. (line 11) * uc_tolower: Case mappings of characters. (line 20) * uc_totitle: Case mappings of characters. (line 23) * uc_toupper: Case mappings of characters. (line 17) * uc_width: uniwidth.h. (line 23) * uc_wordbreak_property: Word break property. (line 32) * UCS-4: Unicode. (line 14) * ucs4_t: unitypes.h. (line 16) * uint16_t: unitypes.h. (line 10) * uint32_t: unitypes.h. (line 11) * uint8_t: unitypes.h. (line 9) * ulc_asnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 53) * ulc_asprintf: unistdio.h. (line 50) * ulc_casecmp: Case insensitive comparison. (line 57) * ulc_casecoll: Case insensitive comparison. (line 101) * ulc_casexfrm: Case insensitive comparison. (line 81) * ulc_fprintf: unistdio.h. (line 229) * ulc_possible_linebreaks: unilbrk.h. (line 50) * ulc_snprintf: unistdio.h. (line 48) * ulc_sprintf: unistdio.h. (line 45) * ulc_vasnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 65) * ulc_vasprintf: unistdio.h. (line 62) * ulc_vfprintf: unistdio.h. (line 232) * ulc_vsnprintf: unistdio.h. (line 59) * ulc_vsprintf: unistdio.h. (line 56) * ulc_width_linebreaks: unilbrk.h. (line 71) * ulc_wordbreaks: Word breaks in a string. (line 12) * Unicode: Unicode. (line 6) * Unicode character, bidirectional category: Bidirectional category. (line 6) * Unicode character, block: Blocks. (line 24) * Unicode character, canonical combining class: Canonical combining class. (line 6) * Unicode character, case mappings: Case mappings of characters. (line 6) * Unicode character, classification: General category. (line 6) * Unicode character, classification like in C: Classifications like in ISO C. (line 6) * Unicode character, general category: General category. (line 6) * Unicode character, mirroring: Mirrored character. (line 6) * Unicode character, name: uniname.h. (line 6) * Unicode character, properties: Properties. (line 6) * Unicode character, script: Scripts. (line 17) * Unicode character, validity in C identifiers: ISO C and Java syntax. (line 38) * Unicode character, validity in Java identifiers: ISO C and Java syntax. (line 42) * Unicode character, value <1>: Numeric value. (line 6) * Unicode character, value <2>: Digit value. (line 6) * Unicode character, value: Decimal digit value. (line 6) * Unicode character, width: uniwidth.h. (line 22) * unicode_character_name: uniname.h. (line 19) * unicode_name_character: uniname.h. (line 25) * uninorm_decomposing_form: Normalization of strings. (line 40) * uninorm_filter_create: Normalization of streams. (line 19) * uninorm_filter_flush: Normalization of streams. (line 33) * uninorm_filter_free: Normalization of streams. (line 43) * uninorm_filter_write: Normalization of streams. (line 29) * uninorm_is_compat_decomposing: Normalization of strings. (line 32) * uninorm_is_composing: Normalization of strings. (line 36) * uninorm_t: Normalization of strings. (line 10) * uppercasing: Case mappings of strings. (line 6) * use cases: Introduction. (line 44) * UTF-16: Unicode. (line 14) * UTF-16, strings: Unicode strings. (line 6) * UTF-32: Unicode. (line 14) * UTF-32, strings: Unicode strings. (line 6) * UTF-8: Unicode. (line 14) * UTF-8, strings: Unicode strings. (line 6) * validity: Elementary string checks. (line 6) * value, of libunistring: Introduction. (line 44) * value, of Unicode character <1>: Numeric value. (line 6) * value, of Unicode character <2>: Digit value. (line 6) * value, of Unicode character: Decimal digit value. (line 6) * verification: Elementary string checks. (line 6) * wchar_t, type: The wchar_t mess. (line 6) * width: uniwidth.h. (line 6) * word breaks: uniwbrk.h. (line 6) * wrapping: unilbrk.h. (line 6)  Tag Table: Node: Top270 Node: Introduction3239 Node: Unicode5236 Node: Unicode and i18n7116 Node: Locale encodings8579 Node: In-memory representation10787 Node: char * strings11896 Node: The wchar_t mess17153 Node: Unicode strings19357 Node: Conventions20508 Node: unitypes.h22708 Node: unistr.h23280 Node: Elementary string checks23837 Node: Elementary string conversions24459 Node: Elementary string functions25761 Node: Elementary string functions with memory allocation32732 Node: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated strings33354 Node: uniconv.h45090 Node: unistdio.h52801 Node: uniname.h61004 Node: unictype.h62337 Node: General category63246 Node: Object oriented API64289 Node: Bit mask API72751 Node: Canonical combining class75005 Node: Bidirectional category78219 Node: Decimal digit value81276 Node: Digit value81837 Node: Numeric value82398 Node: Mirrored character83289 Node: Properties83962 Node: Properties as objects84653 Node: Properties as functions91031 Node: Scripts96582 Node: Blocks97968 Node: ISO C and Java syntax99291 Node: Classifications like in ISO C101001 Node: uniwidth.h103705 Node: uniwbrk.h105742 Node: Word breaks in a string106269 Node: Word break property107320 Node: unilbrk.h108416 Node: uninorm.h112587 Node: Decomposition of characters113219 Node: Composition of characters116595 Node: Normalization of strings117304 Node: Normalizing comparisons119366 Node: Normalization of streams121722 Node: unicase.h123810 Node: Case mappings of characters124495 Node: Case mappings of strings126542 Node: Case mappings of substrings129875 Node: Case insensitive comparison136805 Node: Case detection142156 Node: uniregex.h145424 Node: Using the library145647 Node: Installation146058 Node: Compiler options146531 Node: Include files148090 Node: Autoconf macro149314 Node: Reporting problems150872 Node: More functionality151669 Node: Licenses152112 Node: GNU GPL153747 Node: GNU LGPL191292 Node: GNU FDL199738 Node: Index224863  End Tag Table  Local Variables: coding: utf-8 End: