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diff --git a/backend/genesys/register.h b/backend/genesys/register.h
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+/* sane - Scanner Access Now Easy.
+
+   Copyright (C) 2019 Povilas Kanapickas <povilas@radix.lt>
+
+   This file is part of the SANE package.
+
+   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+   published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
+   License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston,
+   MA 02111-1307, USA.
+
+   As a special exception, the authors of SANE give permission for
+   additional uses of the libraries contained in this release of SANE.
+
+   The exception is that, if you link a SANE library with other files
+   to produce an executable, this does not by itself cause the
+   resulting executable to be covered by the GNU General Public
+   License.  Your use of that executable is in no way restricted on
+   account of linking the SANE library code into it.
+
+   This exception does not, however, invalidate any other reasons why
+   the executable file might be covered by the GNU General Public
+   License.
+
+   If you submit changes to SANE to the maintainers to be included in
+   a subsequent release, you agree by submitting the changes that
+   those changes may be distributed with this exception intact.
+
+   If you write modifications of your own for SANE, it is your choice
+   whether to permit this exception to apply to your modifications.
+   If you do not wish that, delete this exception notice.
+*/
+
+#ifndef BACKEND_GENESYS_REGISTER_H
+#define BACKEND_GENESYS_REGISTER_H
+
+#include "utilities.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <climits>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace genesys {
+
+template<class Value>
+struct Register
+{
+    std::uint16_t address = 0;
+    Value value = 0;
+};
+
+using GenesysRegister = Register<std::uint8_t>;
+
+template<class Value>
+inline bool operator<(const Register<Value>& lhs, const Register<Value>& rhs)
+{
+    return lhs.address < rhs.address;
+}
+
+struct GenesysRegisterSetState
+{
+    bool is_lamp_on = false;
+    bool is_xpa_on = false;
+    bool is_motor_on = false;
+    bool is_xpa_motor_on = false;
+};
+
+template<class Value>
+class RegisterContainer
+{
+public:
+
+    enum Options {
+        SEQUENTIAL = 1
+    };
+
+    using RegisterType = Register<Value>;
+    using ContainerType = std::vector<RegisterType>;
+    using iterator = typename ContainerType::iterator;
+    using const_iterator = typename ContainerType::const_iterator;
+
+    RegisterContainer() = default;
+
+    RegisterContainer(Options opts) : RegisterContainer()
+    {
+        if ((opts & SEQUENTIAL) == SEQUENTIAL) {
+            sorted_ = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void init_reg(std::uint16_t address, Value default_value)
+    {
+        if (find_reg_index(address) >= 0) {
+            set(address, default_value);
+            return;
+        }
+        RegisterType reg;
+        reg.address = address;
+        reg.value = default_value;
+        registers_.push_back(reg);
+        if (sorted_)
+            std::sort(registers_.begin(), registers_.end());
+    }
+
+    bool has_reg(std::uint16_t address) const
+    {
+        return find_reg_index(address) >= 0;
+    }
+
+    void remove_reg(std::uint16_t address)
+    {
+        int i = find_reg_index(address);
+        if (i < 0) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("the register does not exist");
+        }
+        registers_.erase(registers_.begin() + i);
+    }
+
+    RegisterType& find_reg(std::uint16_t address)
+    {
+        int i = find_reg_index(address);
+        if (i < 0) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("the register does not exist");
+        }
+        return registers_[i];
+    }
+
+    const RegisterType& find_reg(std::uint16_t address) const
+    {
+        int i = find_reg_index(address);
+        if (i < 0) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("the register does not exist");
+        }
+        return registers_[i];
+    }
+
+    void set(std::uint16_t address, Value value)
+    {
+        find_reg(address).value = value;
+    }
+
+    Value get(std::uint16_t address) const
+    {
+        return find_reg(address).value;
+    }
+
+    void reserve(std::size_t size) { registers_.reserve(size); }
+    void clear() { registers_.clear(); }
+    std::size_t size() const { return registers_.size(); }
+
+    iterator begin() { return registers_.begin(); }
+    const_iterator begin() const { return registers_.begin(); }
+
+    iterator end() { return registers_.end(); }
+    const_iterator end() const { return registers_.end(); }
+
+private:
+    int find_reg_index(std::uint16_t address) const
+    {
+        if (!sorted_) {
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < registers_.size(); i++) {
+                if (registers_[i].address == address) {
+                    return i;
+                }
+            }
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        RegisterType search;
+        search.address = address;
+        auto it = std::lower_bound(registers_.begin(), registers_.end(), search);
+        if (it == registers_.end())
+            return -1;
+        if (it->address != address)
+            return -1;
+        return std::distance(registers_.begin(), it);
+    }
+
+    // registers are stored in a sorted vector
+    bool sorted_ = true;
+    std::vector<RegisterType> registers_;
+};
+
+template<class Value>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const RegisterContainer<Value>& container)
+{
+    StreamStateSaver state_saver{out};
+
+    out << "RegisterContainer{\n";
+    out << std::hex;
+    out.fill('0');
+
+    for (const auto& reg : container) {
+        unsigned address_width = sizeof(reg.address) * 2;
+        unsigned value_width = sizeof(reg.value) * 2;
+
+        out << "    0x" << std::setw(address_width) << static_cast<unsigned>(reg.address)
+            << " = 0x" << std::setw(value_width) << static_cast<unsigned>(reg.value) << '\n';
+    }
+    out << "}";
+    return out;
+}
+
+class Genesys_Register_Set
+{
+public:
+    static constexpr unsigned MAX_REGS = 256;
+
+    using ContainerType = RegisterContainer<std::uint8_t>;
+    using iterator = typename ContainerType::iterator;
+    using const_iterator = typename ContainerType::const_iterator;
+
+    // FIXME: this shouldn't live here, but in a separate struct that contains Genesys_Register_Set
+    GenesysRegisterSetState state;
+
+    enum Options {
+        SEQUENTIAL = 1
+    };
+
+    Genesys_Register_Set()
+    {
+        registers_.reserve(MAX_REGS);
+    }
+
+    // by default the register set is sorted by address. In certain cases it's importand to send
+    // the registers in certain order: use the SEQUENTIAL option for that
+    Genesys_Register_Set(Options opts) : registers_{static_cast<ContainerType::Options>(opts)}
+    {
+        registers_.reserve(MAX_REGS);
+    }
+
+    const ContainerType& registers() const
+    {
+        return registers_;
+    }
+
+    void init_reg(std::uint16_t address, std::uint8_t default_value)
+    {
+        registers_.init_reg(address, default_value);
+    }
+
+    bool has_reg(std::uint16_t address) const { return registers_.has_reg(address); }
+
+    void remove_reg(std::uint16_t address) { registers_.remove_reg(address); }
+
+    GenesysRegister& find_reg(std::uint16_t address)
+    {
+        return registers_.find_reg(address);
+    }
+
+    const GenesysRegister& find_reg(std::uint16_t address) const
+    {
+        return registers_.find_reg(address);
+    }
+
+    GenesysRegister* find_reg_address(std::uint16_t address)
+    {
+        return &find_reg(address);
+    }
+
+    const GenesysRegister* find_reg_address(std::uint16_t address) const
+    {
+        return &find_reg(address);
+    }
+
+    void set8(std::uint16_t address, std::uint8_t value)
+    {
+        find_reg(address).value = value;
+    }
+
+    void set8_mask(std::uint16_t address, std::uint8_t value, std::uint8_t mask)
+    {
+        auto& reg = find_reg(address);
+        reg.value = (reg.value & ~mask) | value;
+    }
+
+    void set16(std::uint16_t address, std::uint16_t value)
+    {
+        find_reg(address).value = (value >> 8) & 0xff;
+        find_reg(address + 1).value = value & 0xff;
+    }
+
+    void set24(std::uint16_t address, std::uint32_t value)
+    {
+        find_reg(address).value = (value >> 16) & 0xff;
+        find_reg(address + 1).value = (value >> 8) & 0xff;
+        find_reg(address + 2).value = value & 0xff;
+    }
+
+    std::uint8_t get8(std::uint16_t address) const
+    {
+        return find_reg(address).value;
+    }
+
+    std::uint16_t get16(std::uint16_t address) const
+    {
+        return (find_reg(address).value << 8) | find_reg(address + 1).value;
+    }
+
+    std::uint32_t get24(std::uint16_t address) const
+    {
+        return (find_reg(address).value << 16) |
+               (find_reg(address + 1).value << 8) |
+                find_reg(address + 2).value;
+    }
+
+    void clear() { registers_.clear(); }
+    std::size_t size() const { return registers_.size(); }
+
+    iterator begin() { return registers_.begin(); }
+    const_iterator begin() const { return registers_.begin(); }
+
+    iterator end() { return registers_.end(); }
+    const_iterator end() const { return registers_.end(); }
+
+private:
+
+    // registers are stored in a sorted vector
+    ContainerType registers_;
+};
+
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Genesys_Register_Set& regs)
+{
+    out << regs.registers();
+    return out;
+}
+
+template<class Value>
+struct RegisterSetting
+{
+    using ValueType = Value;
+    using AddressType = std::uint16_t;
+
+    RegisterSetting() = default;
+
+    RegisterSetting(AddressType p_address, ValueType p_value) :
+        address(p_address), value(p_value)
+    {}
+
+    RegisterSetting(AddressType p_address, ValueType p_value, ValueType p_mask) :
+        address(p_address), value(p_value), mask(p_mask)
+    {}
+
+    AddressType address = 0;
+    ValueType value = 0;
+    ValueType mask = 0xff;
+
+    bool operator==(const RegisterSetting& other) const
+    {
+        return address == other.address && value == other.value && mask == other.mask;
+    }
+};
+
+using GenesysRegisterSetting = RegisterSetting<std::uint8_t>;
+using GenesysRegisterSetting16 = RegisterSetting<std::uint16_t>;
+
+template<class Stream, class Value>
+void serialize(Stream& str, RegisterSetting<Value>& reg)
+{
+    serialize(str, reg.address);
+    serialize(str, reg.value);
+    serialize(str, reg.mask);
+}
+
+template<class Value>
+class RegisterSettingSet
+{
+public:
+    using ValueType = Value;
+    using SettingType = RegisterSetting<ValueType>;
+    using AddressType = typename SettingType::AddressType;
+
+    using container = std::vector<SettingType>;
+    using iterator = typename container::iterator;
+    using const_iterator = typename container::const_iterator;
+
+    RegisterSettingSet() = default;
+    RegisterSettingSet(std::initializer_list<SettingType> ilist) :
+        registers_(ilist)
+    {}
+
+    iterator begin() { return registers_.begin(); }
+    const_iterator begin() const { return registers_.begin(); }
+    iterator end() { return registers_.end(); }
+    const_iterator end() const { return registers_.end(); }
+
+    SettingType& operator[](std::size_t i) { return registers_[i]; }
+    const SettingType& operator[](std::size_t i) const { return registers_[i]; }
+
+    std::size_t size() const { return registers_.size(); }
+    bool empty() const { return registers_.empty(); }
+    void clear() { registers_.clear(); }
+
+    void push_back(SettingType reg) { registers_.push_back(reg); }
+
+    void merge(const RegisterSettingSet& other)
+    {
+        for (const auto& reg : other) {
+            set_value(reg.address, reg.value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SettingType& find_reg(AddressType address)
+    {
+        int i = find_reg_index(address);
+        if (i < 0) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("the register does not exist");
+        }
+        return registers_[i];
+    }
+
+    const SettingType& find_reg(AddressType address) const
+    {
+        int i = find_reg_index(address);
+        if (i < 0) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("the register does not exist");
+        }
+        return registers_[i];
+    }
+
+    ValueType get_value(AddressType address) const
+    {
+        int index = find_reg_index(address);
+        if (index >= 0) {
+            return registers_[index].value;
+        }
+        throw std::out_of_range("Unknown register");
+    }
+
+    void set_value(AddressType address, ValueType value)
+    {
+        int index = find_reg_index(address);
+        if (index >= 0) {
+            registers_[index].value = value;
+            return;
+        }
+        push_back(SettingType(address, value));
+    }
+
+    template<class V>
+    friend void serialize(std::istream& str, RegisterSettingSet<V>& reg);
+    template<class V>
+    friend void serialize(std::ostream& str, RegisterSettingSet<V>& reg);
+
+    bool operator==(const RegisterSettingSet& other) const
+    {
+        return registers_ == other.registers_;
+    }
+
+private:
+
+    int find_reg_index(AddressType address) const
+    {
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < registers_.size(); i++) {
+            if (registers_[i].address == address) {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<SettingType> registers_;
+};
+
+using GenesysRegisterSettingSet = RegisterSettingSet<std::uint8_t>;
+using GenesysRegisterSettingSet16 = RegisterSettingSet<std::uint16_t>;
+
+template<class Value>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const RegisterSettingSet<Value>& container)
+{
+    StreamStateSaver state_saver{out};
+
+    out << "RegisterSettingSet{\n";
+    out << std::hex;
+    out.fill('0');
+
+    for (const auto& reg : container) {
+        unsigned address_width = sizeof(reg.address) * 2;
+        unsigned value_width = sizeof(reg.value) * 2;
+        unsigned mask_width = sizeof(reg.mask) * 2;
+
+        out << "    0x" << std::setw(address_width) << static_cast<unsigned>(reg.address)
+            << " = 0x" << std::setw(value_width) << static_cast<unsigned>(reg.value)
+            << " & 0x" << std::setw(mask_width) << static_cast<unsigned>(reg.mask) << '\n';
+    }
+    out << "}";
+    return out;
+}
+
+template<class Value>
+inline void serialize(std::istream& str, RegisterSettingSet<Value>& reg)
+{
+    using AddressType = typename RegisterSetting<Value>::AddressType;
+
+    reg.clear();
+    const std::size_t max_register_address = 1 << (sizeof(AddressType) * CHAR_BIT);
+    serialize(str, reg.registers_, max_register_address);
+}
+
+template<class Value>
+inline void serialize(std::ostream& str, RegisterSettingSet<Value>& reg)
+{
+    serialize(str, reg.registers_);
+}
+
+template<class F, class Value>
+void apply_registers_ordered(const RegisterSettingSet<Value>& set,
+                             std::initializer_list<std::uint16_t> order, F f)
+{
+    for (std::uint16_t addr : order) {
+        f(set.find_reg(addr));
+    }
+    for (const auto& reg : set) {
+        if (std::find(order.begin(), order.end(), reg.address) != order.end()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        f(reg);
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace genesys
+
+#endif // BACKEND_GENESYS_REGISTER_H