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-# subprocess - Subprocesses with accessible I/O streams
-#
-# For more information about this module, see PEP 324.
-#
-# This module should remain compatible with Python 2.2, see PEP 291.
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2003-2005 by Peter Astrand <astrand@lysator.liu.se>
-#
-# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
-# See http://www.python.org/2.4/license for licensing details.
-
-r"""subprocess - Subprocesses with accessible I/O streams
-
-This module allows you to spawn processes, connect to their
-input/output/error pipes, and obtain their return codes. This module
-intends to replace several other, older modules and functions, like:
-
-os.system
-os.spawn*
-os.popen*
-popen2.*
-commands.*
-
-Information about how the subprocess module can be used to replace these
-modules and functions can be found below.
-
-
-
-Using the subprocess module
-===========================
-This module defines one class called Popen:
-
-class Popen(args, bufsize=0, executable=None,
- stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None,
- preexec_fn=None, close_fds=False, shell=False,
- cwd=None, env=None, universal_newlines=False,
- startupinfo=None, creationflags=0):
-
-
-Arguments are:
-
-args should be a string, or a sequence of program arguments. The
-program to execute is normally the first item in the args sequence or
-string, but can be explicitly set by using the executable argument.
-
-On UNIX, with shell=False (default): In this case, the Popen class
-uses os.execvp() to execute the child program. args should normally
-be a sequence. A string will be treated as a sequence with the string
-as the only item (the program to execute).
-
-On UNIX, with shell=True: If args is a string, it specifies the
-command string to execute through the shell. If args is a sequence,
-the first item specifies the command string, and any additional items
-will be treated as additional shell arguments.
-
-On Windows: the Popen class uses CreateProcess() to execute the child
-program, which operates on strings. If args is a sequence, it will be
-converted to a string using the list2cmdline method. Please note that
-not all MS Windows applications interpret the command line the same
-way: The list2cmdline is designed for applications using the same
-rules as the MS C runtime.
-
-bufsize, if given, has the same meaning as the corresponding argument
-to the built-in open() function: 0 means unbuffered, 1 means line
-buffered, any other positive value means use a buffer of
-(approximately) that size. A negative bufsize means to use the system
-default, which usually means fully buffered. The default value for
-bufsize is 0 (unbuffered).
-
-stdin, stdout and stderr specify the executed programs' standard
-input, standard output and standard error file handles, respectively.
-Valid values are PIPE, an existing file descriptor (a positive
-integer), an existing file object, and None. PIPE indicates that a
-new pipe to the child should be created. With None, no redirection
-will occur; the child's file handles will be inherited from the
-parent. Additionally, stderr can be STDOUT, which indicates that the
-stderr data from the applications should be captured into the same
-file handle as for stdout.
-
-If preexec_fn is set to a callable object, this object will be called
-in the child process just before the child is executed.
-
-If close_fds is true, all file descriptors except 0, 1 and 2 will be
-closed before the child process is executed.
-
-if shell is true, the specified command will be executed through the
-shell.
-
-If cwd is not None, the current directory will be changed to cwd
-before the child is executed.
-
-If env is not None, it defines the environment variables for the new
-process.
-
-If universal_newlines is true, the file objects stdout and stderr are
-opened as a text files, but lines may be terminated by any of '\n',
-the Unix end-of-line convention, '\r', the Macintosh convention or
-'\r\n', the Windows convention. All of these external representations
-are seen as '\n' by the Python program. Note: This feature is only
-available if Python is built with universal newline support (the
-default). Also, the newlines attribute of the file objects stdout,
-stdin and stderr are not updated by the communicate() method.
-
-The startupinfo and creationflags, if given, will be passed to the
-underlying CreateProcess() function. They can specify things such as
-appearance of the main window and priority for the new process.
-(Windows only)
-
-
-This module also defines two shortcut functions:
-
-call(*popenargs, **kwargs):
- Run command with arguments. Wait for command to complete, then
- return the returncode attribute.
-
- The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor. Example:
-
- retcode = call(["ls", "-l"])
-
-check_call(*popenargs, **kwargs):
- Run command with arguments. Wait for command to complete. If the
- exit code was zero then return, otherwise raise
- CalledProcessError. The CalledProcessError object will have the
- return code in the returncode attribute.
-
- The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor. Example:
-
- check_call(["ls", "-l"])
-
-Exceptions
-----------
-Exceptions raised in the child process, before the new program has
-started to execute, will be re-raised in the parent. Additionally,
-the exception object will have one extra attribute called
-'child_traceback', which is a string containing traceback information
-from the childs point of view.
-
-The most common exception raised is OSError. This occurs, for
-example, when trying to execute a non-existent file. Applications
-should prepare for OSErrors.
-
-A ValueError will be raised if Popen is called with invalid arguments.
-
-check_call() will raise CalledProcessError, if the called process
-returns a non-zero return code.
-
-
-Security
---------
-Unlike some other popen functions, this implementation will never call
-/bin/sh implicitly. This means that all characters, including shell
-metacharacters, can safely be passed to child processes.
-
-
-Popen objects
-=============
-Instances of the Popen class have the following methods:
-
-poll()
- Check if child process has terminated. Returns returncode
- attribute.
-
-wait()
- Wait for child process to terminate. Returns returncode attribute.
-
-communicate(input=None)
- Interact with process: Send data to stdin. Read data from stdout
- and stderr, until end-of-file is reached. Wait for process to
- terminate. The optional stdin argument should be a string to be
- sent to the child process, or None, if no data should be sent to
- the child.
-
- communicate() returns a tuple (stdout, stderr).
-
- Note: The data read is buffered in memory, so do not use this
- method if the data size is large or unlimited.
-
-The following attributes are also available:
-
-stdin
- If the stdin argument is PIPE, this attribute is a file object
- that provides input to the child process. Otherwise, it is None.
-
-stdout
- If the stdout argument is PIPE, this attribute is a file object
- that provides output from the child process. Otherwise, it is
- None.
-
-stderr
- If the stderr argument is PIPE, this attribute is file object that
- provides error output from the child process. Otherwise, it is
- None.
-
-pid
- The process ID of the child process.
-
-returncode
- The child return code. A None value indicates that the process
- hasn't terminated yet. A negative value -N indicates that the
- child was terminated by signal N (UNIX only).
-
-
-Replacing older functions with the subprocess module
-====================================================
-In this section, "a ==> b" means that b can be used as a replacement
-for a.
-
-Note: All functions in this section fail (more or less) silently if
-the executed program cannot be found; this module raises an OSError
-exception.
-
-In the following examples, we assume that the subprocess module is
-imported with "from subprocess import *".
-
-
-Replacing /bin/sh shell backquote
----------------------------------
-output=`mycmd myarg`
-==>
-output = Popen(["mycmd", "myarg"], stdout=PIPE).communicate()[0]
-
-
-Replacing shell pipe line
--------------------------
-output=`dmesg | grep hda`
-==>
-p1 = Popen(["dmesg"], stdout=PIPE)
-p2 = Popen(["grep", "hda"], stdin=p1.stdout, stdout=PIPE)
-output = p2.communicate()[0]
-
-
-Replacing os.system()
----------------------
-sts = os.system("mycmd" + " myarg")
-==>
-p = Popen("mycmd" + " myarg", shell=True)
-pid, sts = os.waitpid(p.pid, 0)
-
-Note:
-
-* Calling the program through the shell is usually not required.
-
-* It's easier to look at the returncode attribute than the
- exitstatus.
-
-A more real-world example would look like this:
-
-try:
- retcode = call("mycmd" + " myarg", shell=True)
- if retcode < 0:
- print >>sys.stderr, "Child was terminated by signal", -retcode
- else:
- print >>sys.stderr, "Child returned", retcode
-except OSError, e:
- print >>sys.stderr, "Execution failed:", e
-
-
-Replacing os.spawn*
--------------------
-P_NOWAIT example:
-
-pid = os.spawnlp(os.P_NOWAIT, "/bin/mycmd", "mycmd", "myarg")
-==>
-pid = Popen(["/bin/mycmd", "myarg"]).pid
-
-
-P_WAIT example:
-
-retcode = os.spawnlp(os.P_WAIT, "/bin/mycmd", "mycmd", "myarg")
-==>
-retcode = call(["/bin/mycmd", "myarg"])
-
-
-Vector example:
-
-os.spawnvp(os.P_NOWAIT, path, args)
-==>
-Popen([path] + args[1:])
-
-
-Environment example:
-
-os.spawnlpe(os.P_NOWAIT, "/bin/mycmd", "mycmd", "myarg", env)
-==>
-Popen(["/bin/mycmd", "myarg"], env={"PATH": "/usr/bin"})
-
-
-Replacing os.popen*
--------------------
-pipe = os.popen(cmd, mode='r', bufsize)
-==>
-pipe = Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=bufsize, stdout=PIPE).stdout
-
-pipe = os.popen(cmd, mode='w', bufsize)
-==>
-pipe = Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=bufsize, stdin=PIPE).stdin
-
-
-(child_stdin, child_stdout) = os.popen2(cmd, mode, bufsize)
-==>
-p = Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=bufsize,
- stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True)
-(child_stdin, child_stdout) = (p.stdin, p.stdout)
-
-
-(child_stdin,
- child_stdout,
- child_stderr) = os.popen3(cmd, mode, bufsize)
-==>
-p = Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=bufsize,
- stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE, close_fds=True)
-(child_stdin,
- child_stdout,
- child_stderr) = (p.stdin, p.stdout, p.stderr)
-
-
-(child_stdin, child_stdout_and_stderr) = os.popen4(cmd, mode, bufsize)
-==>
-p = Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=bufsize,
- stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT, close_fds=True)
-(child_stdin, child_stdout_and_stderr) = (p.stdin, p.stdout)
-
-
-Replacing popen2.*
-------------------
-Note: If the cmd argument to popen2 functions is a string, the command
-is executed through /bin/sh. If it is a list, the command is directly
-executed.
-
-(child_stdout, child_stdin) = popen2.popen2("somestring", bufsize, mode)
-==>
-p = Popen(["somestring"], shell=True, bufsize=bufsize
- stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True)
-(child_stdout, child_stdin) = (p.stdout, p.stdin)
-
-
-(child_stdout, child_stdin) = popen2.popen2(["mycmd", "myarg"], bufsize, mode)
-==>
-p = Popen(["mycmd", "myarg"], bufsize=bufsize,
- stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True)
-(child_stdout, child_stdin) = (p.stdout, p.stdin)
-
-The popen2.Popen3 and popen3.Popen4 basically works as subprocess.Popen,
-except that:
-
-* subprocess.Popen raises an exception if the execution fails
-* the capturestderr argument is replaced with the stderr argument.
-* stdin=PIPE and stdout=PIPE must be specified.
-* popen2 closes all filedescriptors by default, but you have to specify
- close_fds=True with subprocess.Popen.
-
-
-"""
-
-import sys
-mswindows = (sys.platform == "win32")
-
-import os
-import types
-import traceback
-
-# Exception classes used by this module.
-class CalledProcessError(Exception):
- """This exception is raised when a process run by check_call() returns
- a non-zero exit status. The exit status will be stored in the
- returncode attribute."""
- def __init__(self, returncode, cmd):
- self.returncode = returncode
- self.cmd = cmd
- def __str__(self):
- return "Command '%s' returned non-zero exit status %d" % (self.cmd, self.returncode)
-
-
-if mswindows:
- try:
- import threading
- except ImportError:
- # SCons: the threading module is only used by the communicate()
- # method, which we don't actually use, so don't worry if we
- # can't import it.
- pass
- import msvcrt
- try:
- # Try to get _subprocess
- from _subprocess import *
- class STARTUPINFO(object):
- dwFlags = 0
- hStdInput = None
- hStdOutput = None
- hStdError = None
- wShowWindow = 0
- class pywintypes(object):
- error = IOError
- except ImportError:
- # If not there, then drop back to requiring pywin32
- # TODO: Should this be wrapped in try as well? To notify user to install
- # pywin32 ? With URL to it?
- import pywintypes
- from win32api import GetStdHandle, STD_INPUT_HANDLE, \
- STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE, STD_ERROR_HANDLE
- from win32api import GetCurrentProcess, DuplicateHandle, \
- GetModuleFileName, GetVersion
- from win32con import DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS, SW_HIDE
- from win32pipe import CreatePipe
- from win32process import CreateProcess, STARTUPINFO, \
- GetExitCodeProcess, STARTF_USESTDHANDLES, \
- STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW, CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE
- from win32event import WaitForSingleObject, INFINITE, WAIT_OBJECT_0
-
-
-else:
- import select
- import errno
- import fcntl
- import pickle
-
- try:
- fcntl.F_GETFD
- except AttributeError:
- fcntl.F_GETFD = 1
-
- try:
- fcntl.F_SETFD
- except AttributeError:
- fcntl.F_SETFD = 2
-
-__all__ = ["Popen", "PIPE", "STDOUT", "call", "check_call", "CalledProcessError"]
-
-try:
- MAXFD = os.sysconf("SC_OPEN_MAX")
-except KeyboardInterrupt:
- raise # SCons: don't swallow keyboard interrupts
-except:
- MAXFD = 256
-
-try:
- isinstance(1, int)
-except TypeError:
- def is_int(obj):
- return isinstance(obj, type(1))
- def is_int_or_long(obj):
- return type(obj) in (type(1), type(1L))
-else:
- def is_int(obj):
- return isinstance(obj, int)
- def is_int_or_long(obj):
- return isinstance(obj, (int, long))
-
-try:
- types.StringTypes
-except AttributeError:
- try:
- types.StringTypes = (str, unicode)
- except NameError:
- types.StringTypes = (str,)
-def is_string(obj):
- return isinstance(obj, types.StringTypes)
-
-_active = []
-
-def _cleanup():
- for inst in _active[:]:
- if inst.poll(_deadstate=sys.maxsize) >= 0:
- try:
- _active.remove(inst)
- except ValueError:
- # This can happen if two threads create a new Popen instance.
- # It's harmless that it was already removed, so ignore.
- pass
-
-PIPE = -1
-STDOUT = -2
-
-
-def call(*popenargs, **kwargs):
- """Run command with arguments. Wait for command to complete, then
- return the returncode attribute.
-
- The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor. Example:
-
- retcode = call(["ls", "-l"])
- """
- return apply(Popen, popenargs, kwargs).wait()
-
-
-def check_call(*popenargs, **kwargs):
- """Run command with arguments. Wait for command to complete. If
- the exit code was zero then return, otherwise raise
- CalledProcessError. The CalledProcessError object will have the
- return code in the returncode attribute.
-
- The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor. Example:
-
- check_call(["ls", "-l"])
- """
- retcode = call(*popenargs, **kwargs)
- cmd = kwargs.get("args")
- if cmd is None:
- cmd = popenargs[0]
- if retcode:
- raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
- return retcode
-
-
-def list2cmdline(seq):
- """
- Translate a sequence of arguments into a command line
- string, using the same rules as the MS C runtime:
-
- 1) Arguments are delimited by white space, which is either a
- space or a tab.
-
- 2) A string surrounded by double quotation marks is
- interpreted as a single argument, regardless of white space
- contained within. A quoted string can be embedded in an
- argument.
-
- 3) A double quotation mark preceded by a backslash is
- interpreted as a literal double quotation mark.
-
- 4) Backslashes are interpreted literally, unless they
- immediately precede a double quotation mark.
-
- 5) If backslashes immediately precede a double quotation mark,
- every pair of backslashes is interpreted as a literal
- backslash. If the number of backslashes is odd, the last
- backslash escapes the next double quotation mark as
- described in rule 3.
- """
-
- # See
- # http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/vccelng/htm/progs_12.asp
- result = []
- needquote = False
- for arg in seq:
- bs_buf = []
-
- # Add a space to separate this argument from the others
- if result:
- result.append(' ')
-
- needquote = (" " in arg) or ("\t" in arg)
- if needquote:
- result.append('"')
-
- for c in arg:
- if c == '\\':
- # Don't know if we need to double yet.
- bs_buf.append(c)
- elif c == '"':
- # Double backspaces.
- result.append('\\' * len(bs_buf)*2)
- bs_buf = []
- result.append('\\"')
- else:
- # Normal char
- if bs_buf:
- result.extend(bs_buf)
- bs_buf = []
- result.append(c)
-
- # Add remaining backspaces, if any.
- if bs_buf:
- result.extend(bs_buf)
-
- if needquote:
- result.extend(bs_buf)
- result.append('"')
-
- return ''.join(result)
-
-class Popen(object):
- def __init__(self, args, bufsize=0, executable=None,
- stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None,
- preexec_fn=None, close_fds=False, shell=False,
- cwd=None, env=None, universal_newlines=False,
- startupinfo=None, creationflags=0):
- """Create new Popen instance."""
- _cleanup()
-
- self._child_created = False
- if not is_int_or_long(bufsize):
- raise TypeError("bufsize must be an integer")
-
- if mswindows:
- if preexec_fn is not None:
- raise ValueError("preexec_fn is not supported on Windows "
- "platforms")
- if close_fds:
- raise ValueError("close_fds is not supported on Windows "
- "platforms")
- else:
- # POSIX
- if startupinfo is not None:
- raise ValueError("startupinfo is only supported on Windows "
- "platforms")
- if creationflags != 0:
- raise ValueError("creationflags is only supported on Windows "
- "platforms")
-
- self.stdin = None
- self.stdout = None
- self.stderr = None
- self.pid = None
- self.returncode = None
- self.universal_newlines = universal_newlines
-
- # Input and output objects. The general principle is like
- # this:
- #
- # Parent Child
- # ------ -----
- # p2cwrite ---stdin---> p2cread
- # c2pread <--stdout--- c2pwrite
- # errread <--stderr--- errwrite
- #
- # On POSIX, the child objects are file descriptors. On
- # Windows, these are Windows file handles. The parent objects
- # are file descriptors on both platforms. The parent objects
- # are None when not using PIPEs. The child objects are None
- # when not redirecting.
-
- (p2cread, p2cwrite,
- c2pread, c2pwrite,
- errread, errwrite) = self._get_handles(stdin, stdout, stderr)
-
- self._execute_child(args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds,
- cwd, env, universal_newlines,
- startupinfo, creationflags, shell,
- p2cread, p2cwrite,
- c2pread, c2pwrite,
- errread, errwrite)
-
- if p2cwrite:
- self.stdin = os.fdopen(p2cwrite, 'wb', bufsize)
- if c2pread:
- if universal_newlines:
- self.stdout = os.fdopen(c2pread, 'rU', bufsize)
- else:
- self.stdout = os.fdopen(c2pread, 'rb', bufsize)
- if errread:
- if universal_newlines:
- self.stderr = os.fdopen(errread, 'rU', bufsize)
- else:
- self.stderr = os.fdopen(errread, 'rb', bufsize)
-
-
- def _translate_newlines(self, data):
- data = data.replace("\r\n", "\n")
- data = data.replace("\r", "\n")
- return data
-
-
- def __del__(self):
- if not self._child_created:
- # We didn't get to successfully create a child process.
- return
- # In case the child hasn't been waited on, check if it's done.
- self.poll(_deadstate=sys.maxsize)
- if self.returncode is None and _active is not None:
- # Child is still running, keep us alive until we can wait on it.
- _active.append(self)
-
-
- def communicate(self, input=None):
- """Interact with process: Send data to stdin. Read data from
- stdout and stderr, until end-of-file is reached. Wait for
- process to terminate. The optional input argument should be a
- string to be sent to the child process, or None, if no data
- should be sent to the child.
-
- communicate() returns a tuple (stdout, stderr)."""
-
- # Optimization: If we are only using one pipe, or no pipe at
- # all, using select() or threads is unnecessary.
- if [self.stdin, self.stdout, self.stderr].count(None) >= 2:
- stdout = None
- stderr = None
- if self.stdin:
- if input:
- self.stdin.write(input)
- self.stdin.close()
- elif self.stdout:
- stdout = self.stdout.read()
- elif self.stderr:
- stderr = self.stderr.read()
- self.wait()
- return (stdout, stderr)
-
- return self._communicate(input)
-
-
- if mswindows:
- #
- # Windows methods
- #
- def _get_handles(self, stdin, stdout, stderr):
- """Construct and return tupel with IO objects:
- p2cread, p2cwrite, c2pread, c2pwrite, errread, errwrite
- """
- if stdin is None and stdout is None and stderr is None:
- return (None, None, None, None, None, None)
-
- p2cread, p2cwrite = None, None
- c2pread, c2pwrite = None, None
- errread, errwrite = None, None
-
- if stdin is None:
- p2cread = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE)
- elif stdin == PIPE:
- p2cread, p2cwrite = CreatePipe(None, 0)
- # Detach and turn into fd
- p2cwrite = p2cwrite.Detach()
- p2cwrite = msvcrt.open_osfhandle(p2cwrite, 0)
- elif is_int(stdin):
- p2cread = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(stdin)
- else:
- # Assuming file-like object
- p2cread = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(stdin.fileno())
- p2cread = self._make_inheritable(p2cread)
-
- if stdout is None:
- c2pwrite = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
- elif stdout == PIPE:
- c2pread, c2pwrite = CreatePipe(None, 0)
- # Detach and turn into fd
- c2pread = c2pread.Detach()
- c2pread = msvcrt.open_osfhandle(c2pread, 0)
- elif is_int(stdout):
- c2pwrite = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(stdout)
- else:
- # Assuming file-like object
- c2pwrite = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(stdout.fileno())
- c2pwrite = self._make_inheritable(c2pwrite)
-
- if stderr is None:
- errwrite = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE)
- elif stderr == PIPE:
- errread, errwrite = CreatePipe(None, 0)
- # Detach and turn into fd
- errread = errread.Detach()
- errread = msvcrt.open_osfhandle(errread, 0)
- elif stderr == STDOUT:
- errwrite = c2pwrite
- elif is_int(stderr):
- errwrite = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(stderr)
- else:
- # Assuming file-like object
- errwrite = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(stderr.fileno())
- errwrite = self._make_inheritable(errwrite)
-
- return (p2cread, p2cwrite,
- c2pread, c2pwrite,
- errread, errwrite)
-
-
- def _make_inheritable(self, handle):
- """Return a duplicate of handle, which is inheritable"""
- return DuplicateHandle(GetCurrentProcess(), handle,
- GetCurrentProcess(), 0, 1,
- DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)
-
-
- def _find_w9xpopen(self):
- """Find and return absolut path to w9xpopen.exe"""
- w9xpopen = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(GetModuleFileName(0)),
- "w9xpopen.exe")
- if not os.path.exists(w9xpopen):
- # Eeek - file-not-found - possibly an embedding
- # situation - see if we can locate it in sys.exec_prefix
- w9xpopen = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.exec_prefix),
- "w9xpopen.exe")
- if not os.path.exists(w9xpopen):
- raise RuntimeError("Cannot locate w9xpopen.exe, which is "
- "needed for Popen to work with your "
- "shell or platform.")
- return w9xpopen
-
-
- def _execute_child(self, args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds,
- cwd, env, universal_newlines,
- startupinfo, creationflags, shell,
- p2cread, p2cwrite,
- c2pread, c2pwrite,
- errread, errwrite):
- """Execute program (MS Windows version)"""
-
- if not isinstance(args, types.StringTypes):
- args = list2cmdline(args)
-
- # Process startup details
- if startupinfo is None:
- startupinfo = STARTUPINFO()
- if None not in (p2cread, c2pwrite, errwrite):
- startupinfo.dwFlags = startupinfo.dwFlags | STARTF_USESTDHANDLES
- startupinfo.hStdInput = p2cread
- startupinfo.hStdOutput = c2pwrite
- startupinfo.hStdError = errwrite
-
- if shell:
- startupinfo.dwFlags = startupinfo.dwFlags | STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW
- startupinfo.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE
- comspec = os.environ.get("COMSPEC", "cmd.exe")
- args = comspec + " /c " + args
- if (GetVersion() >= 0x80000000L or
- os.path.basename(comspec).lower() == "command.com"):
- # Win9x, or using command.com on NT. We need to
- # use the w9xpopen intermediate program. For more
- # information, see KB Q150956
- # (http://web.archive.org/web/20011105084002/http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q150/9/56.asp)
- w9xpopen = self._find_w9xpopen()
- args = '"%s" %s' % (w9xpopen, args)
- # Not passing CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE has been known to
- # cause random failures on win9x. Specifically a
- # dialog: "Your program accessed mem currently in
- # use at xxx" and a hopeful warning about the
- # stability of your system. Cost is Ctrl+C wont
- # kill children.
- creationflags = creationflags | CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE
-
- # Start the process
- try:
- hp, ht, pid, tid = CreateProcess(executable, args,
- # no special security
- None, None,
- # must inherit handles to pass std
- # handles
- 1,
- creationflags,
- env,
- cwd,
- startupinfo)
- except pywintypes.error, e:
- # Translate pywintypes.error to WindowsError, which is
- # a subclass of OSError. FIXME: We should really
- # translate errno using _sys_errlist (or simliar), but
- # how can this be done from Python?
- raise WindowsError(*e.args)
-
- # Retain the process handle, but close the thread handle
- self._child_created = True
- self._handle = hp
- self.pid = pid
- ht.Close()
-
- # Child is launched. Close the parent's copy of those pipe
- # handles that only the child should have open. You need
- # to make sure that no handles to the write end of the
- # output pipe are maintained in this process or else the
- # pipe will not close when the child process exits and the
- # ReadFile will hang.
- if p2cread is not None:
- p2cread.Close()
- if c2pwrite is not None:
- c2pwrite.Close()
- if errwrite is not None:
- errwrite.Close()
-
-
- def poll(self, _deadstate=None):
- """Check if child process has terminated. Returns returncode
- attribute."""
- if self.returncode is None:
- if WaitForSingleObject(self._handle, 0) == WAIT_OBJECT_0:
- self.returncode = GetExitCodeProcess(self._handle)
- return self.returncode
-
-
- def wait(self):
- """Wait for child process to terminate. Returns returncode
- attribute."""
- if self.returncode is None:
- obj = WaitForSingleObject(self._handle, INFINITE)
- self.returncode = GetExitCodeProcess(self._handle)
- return self.returncode
-
-
- def _readerthread(self, fh, buffer):
- buffer.append(fh.read())
-
-
- def _communicate(self, input):
- stdout = None # Return
- stderr = None # Return
-
- if self.stdout:
- stdout = []
- stdout_thread = threading.Thread(target=self._readerthread,
- args=(self.stdout, stdout))
- stdout_thread.setDaemon(True)
- stdout_thread.start()
- if self.stderr:
- stderr = []
- stderr_thread = threading.Thread(target=self._readerthread,
- args=(self.stderr, stderr))
- stderr_thread.setDaemon(True)
- stderr_thread.start()
-
- if self.stdin:
- if input is not None:
- self.stdin.write(input)
- self.stdin.close()
-
- if self.stdout:
- stdout_thread.join()
- if self.stderr:
- stderr_thread.join()
-
- # All data exchanged. Translate lists into strings.
- if stdout is not None:
- stdout = stdout[0]
- if stderr is not None:
- stderr = stderr[0]
-
- # Translate newlines, if requested. We cannot let the file
- # object do the translation: It is based on stdio, which is
- # impossible to combine with select (unless forcing no
- # buffering).
- if self.universal_newlines and hasattr(file, 'newlines'):
- if stdout:
- stdout = self._translate_newlines(stdout)
- if stderr:
- stderr = self._translate_newlines(stderr)
-
- self.wait()
- return (stdout, stderr)
-
- else:
- #
- # POSIX methods
- #
- def _get_handles(self, stdin, stdout, stderr):
- """Construct and return tupel with IO objects:
- p2cread, p2cwrite, c2pread, c2pwrite, errread, errwrite
- """
- p2cread, p2cwrite = None, None
- c2pread, c2pwrite = None, None
- errread, errwrite = None, None
-
- if stdin is None:
- pass
- elif stdin == PIPE:
- p2cread, p2cwrite = os.pipe()
- elif is_int(stdin):
- p2cread = stdin
- else:
- # Assuming file-like object
- p2cread = stdin.fileno()
-
- if stdout is None:
- pass
- elif stdout == PIPE:
- c2pread, c2pwrite = os.pipe()
- elif is_int(stdout):
- c2pwrite = stdout
- else:
- # Assuming file-like object
- c2pwrite = stdout.fileno()
-
- if stderr is None:
- pass
- elif stderr == PIPE:
- errread, errwrite = os.pipe()
- elif stderr == STDOUT:
- errwrite = c2pwrite
- elif is_int(stderr):
- errwrite = stderr
- else:
- # Assuming file-like object
- errwrite = stderr.fileno()
-
- return (p2cread, p2cwrite,
- c2pread, c2pwrite,
- errread, errwrite)
-
-
- def _set_cloexec_flag(self, fd):
- try:
- cloexec_flag = fcntl.FD_CLOEXEC
- except AttributeError:
- cloexec_flag = 1
-
- old = fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFD)
- fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFD, old | cloexec_flag)
-
-
- def _close_fds(self, but):
- for i in range(3, MAXFD):
- if i == but:
- continue
- try:
- os.close(i)
- except KeyboardInterrupt:
- raise # SCons: don't swallow keyboard interrupts
- except:
- pass
-
-
- def _execute_child(self, args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds,
- cwd, env, universal_newlines,
- startupinfo, creationflags, shell,
- p2cread, p2cwrite,
- c2pread, c2pwrite,
- errread, errwrite):
- """Execute program (POSIX version)"""
-
- if is_string(args):
- args = [args]
-
- if shell:
- args = ["/bin/sh", "-c"] + args
-
- if executable is None:
- executable = args[0]
-
- # For transferring possible exec failure from child to parent
- # The first char specifies the exception type: 0 means
- # OSError, 1 means some other error.
- errpipe_read, errpipe_write = os.pipe()
- self._set_cloexec_flag(errpipe_write)
-
- self.pid = os.fork()
- self._child_created = True
- if self.pid == 0:
- # Child
- try:
- # Close parent's pipe ends
- if p2cwrite:
- os.close(p2cwrite)
- if c2pread:
- os.close(c2pread)
- if errread:
- os.close(errread)
- os.close(errpipe_read)
-
- # Dup fds for child
- if p2cread:
- os.dup2(p2cread, 0)
- if c2pwrite:
- os.dup2(c2pwrite, 1)
- if errwrite:
- os.dup2(errwrite, 2)
-
- # Close pipe fds. Make sure we don't close the same
- # fd more than once, or standard fds.
- try:
- set
- except NameError:
- # Fall-back for earlier Python versions, so epydoc
- # can use this module directly to execute things.
- if p2cread:
- os.close(p2cread)
- if c2pwrite and c2pwrite not in (p2cread,):
- os.close(c2pwrite)
- if errwrite and errwrite not in (p2cread, c2pwrite):
- os.close(errwrite)
- else:
- for fd in set((p2cread, c2pwrite, errwrite))-set((0,1,2)):
- if fd: os.close(fd)
-
- # Close all other fds, if asked for
- if close_fds:
- self._close_fds(but=errpipe_write)
-
- if cwd is not None:
- os.chdir(cwd)
-
- if preexec_fn:
- apply(preexec_fn)
-
- if env is None:
- os.execvp(executable, args)
- else:
- os.execvpe(executable, args, env)
-
- except KeyboardInterrupt:
- raise # SCons: don't swallow keyboard interrupts
-
- except:
- exc_type, exc_value, tb = sys.exc_info()
- # Save the traceback and attach it to the exception object
- exc_lines = traceback.format_exception(exc_type,
- exc_value,
- tb)
- exc_value.child_traceback = ''.join(exc_lines)
- os.write(errpipe_write, pickle.dumps(exc_value))
-
- # This exitcode won't be reported to applications, so it
- # really doesn't matter what we return.
- os._exit(255)
-
- # Parent
- os.close(errpipe_write)
- if p2cread and p2cwrite:
- os.close(p2cread)
- if c2pwrite and c2pread:
- os.close(c2pwrite)
- if errwrite and errread:
- os.close(errwrite)
-
- # Wait for exec to fail or succeed; possibly raising exception
- data = os.read(errpipe_read, 1048576) # Exceptions limited to 1 MB
- os.close(errpipe_read)
- if data != "":
- os.waitpid(self.pid, 0)
- child_exception = pickle.loads(data)
- raise child_exception
-
-
- def _handle_exitstatus(self, sts):
- if os.WIFSIGNALED(sts):
- self.returncode = -os.WTERMSIG(sts)
- elif os.WIFEXITED(sts):
- self.returncode = os.WEXITSTATUS(sts)
- else:
- # Should never happen
- raise RuntimeError("Unknown child exit status!")
-
-
- def poll(self, _deadstate=None):
- """Check if child process has terminated. Returns returncode
- attribute."""
- if self.returncode is None:
- try:
- pid, sts = os.waitpid(self.pid, os.WNOHANG)
- if pid == self.pid:
- self._handle_exitstatus(sts)
- except os.error:
- if _deadstate is not None:
- self.returncode = _deadstate
- return self.returncode
-
-
- def wait(self):
- """Wait for child process to terminate. Returns returncode
- attribute."""
- if self.returncode is None:
- pid, sts = os.waitpid(self.pid, 0)
- self._handle_exitstatus(sts)
- return self.returncode
-
-
- def _communicate(self, input):
- read_set = []
- write_set = []
- stdout = None # Return
- stderr = None # Return
-
- if self.stdin:
- # Flush stdio buffer. This might block, if the user has
- # been writing to .stdin in an uncontrolled fashion.
- self.stdin.flush()
- if input:
- write_set.append(self.stdin)
- else:
- self.stdin.close()
- if self.stdout:
- read_set.append(self.stdout)
- stdout = []
- if self.stderr:
- read_set.append(self.stderr)
- stderr = []
-
- input_offset = 0
- while read_set or write_set:
- rlist, wlist, xlist = select.select(read_set, write_set, [])
-
- if self.stdin in wlist:
- # When select has indicated that the file is writable,
- # we can write up to PIPE_BUF bytes without risk
- # blocking. POSIX defines PIPE_BUF >= 512
- m = memoryview(input)[input_offset:input_offset+512]
- bytes_written = os.write(self.stdin.fileno(), m)
- input_offset = input_offset + bytes_written
- if input_offset >= len(input):
- self.stdin.close()
- write_set.remove(self.stdin)
-
- if self.stdout in rlist:
- data = os.read(self.stdout.fileno(), 1024)
- if data == "":
- self.stdout.close()
- read_set.remove(self.stdout)
- stdout.append(data)
-
- if self.stderr in rlist:
- data = os.read(self.stderr.fileno(), 1024)
- if data == "":
- self.stderr.close()
- read_set.remove(self.stderr)
- stderr.append(data)
-
- # All data exchanged. Translate lists into strings.
- if stdout is not None:
- stdout = ''.join(stdout)
- if stderr is not None:
- stderr = ''.join(stderr)
-
- # Translate newlines, if requested. We cannot let the file
- # object do the translation: It is based on stdio, which is
- # impossible to combine with select (unless forcing no
- # buffering).
- if self.universal_newlines and hasattr(file, 'newlines'):
- if stdout:
- stdout = self._translate_newlines(stdout)
- if stderr:
- stderr = self._translate_newlines(stderr)
-
- self.wait()
- return (stdout, stderr)
-
-
-def _demo_posix():
- #
- # Example 1: Simple redirection: Get process list
- #
- plist = Popen(["ps"], stdout=PIPE).communicate()[0]
- print "Process list:"
- print plist
-
- #
- # Example 2: Change uid before executing child
- #
- if os.getuid() == 0:
- p = Popen(["id"], preexec_fn=lambda: os.setuid(100))
- p.wait()
-
- #
- # Example 3: Connecting several subprocesses
- #
- print "Looking for 'hda'..."
- p1 = Popen(["dmesg"], stdout=PIPE)
- p2 = Popen(["grep", "hda"], stdin=p1.stdout, stdout=PIPE)
- print repr(p2.communicate()[0])
-
- #
- # Example 4: Catch execution error
- #
- print
- print "Trying a weird file..."
- try:
- print Popen(["/this/path/does/not/exist"]).communicate()
- except OSError, e:
- if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
- print "The file didn't exist. I thought so..."
- print "Child traceback:"
- print e.child_traceback
- else:
- print "Error", e.errno
- else:
- sys.stderr.write( "Gosh. No error.\n" )
-
-
-def _demo_windows():
- #
- # Example 1: Connecting several subprocesses
- #
- print "Looking for 'PROMPT' in set output..."
- p1 = Popen("set", stdout=PIPE, shell=True)
- p2 = Popen('find "PROMPT"', stdin=p1.stdout, stdout=PIPE)
- print repr(p2.communicate()[0])
-
- #
- # Example 2: Simple execution of program
- #
- print "Executing calc..."
- p = Popen("calc")
- p.wait()
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
- if mswindows:
- _demo_windows()
- else:
- _demo_posix()
-
-# Local Variables:
-# tab-width:4
-# indent-tabs-mode:nil
-# End:
-# vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4: