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-<span class="pre noprint docinfo top">[<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/">RFCs/IDs</a>] [<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3513.txt">Plain Text</a>] [From <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-ipngwg-addr-arch-v3">draft-ietf-ipngwg-addr-arch-v3</a>] </span><br>
-<span class="pre noprint docinfo"> </span><br>
-<span class="pre noprint docinfo">Obsoleted by: <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291">4291</a> PROPOSED STANDARD</span><br>
-<span class="pre noprint docinfo"> </span><br>
-<pre>Network Working Group R. Hinden
-Request for Comments: 3513 Nokia
-Obsoletes: <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2373">2373</a> S. Deering
-Category: Standards Track Cisco Systems
- April 2003
-
-
- <span class="h1"><h1>Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Addressing Architecture</h1></span>
-
-Status of this Memo
-
- This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
- Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
- improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
- Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
- and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
-Copyright Notice
-
- Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
-
-Abstract
-
- This specification defines the addressing architecture of the IP
- Version 6 (IPv6) protocol. The document includes the IPv6 addressing
- model, text representations of IPv6 addresses, definition of IPv6
- unicast addresses, anycast addresses, and multicast addresses, and an
- IPv6 node's required addresses.
-
-
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-<span class="grey">Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 1]</span>
-<a name="page-2" id="page-2" href="#page-2"><span class="break"> </span></a>
-<span class="grey"><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3513">RFC 3513</a> IPv6 Addressing Architecture April 2003</span>
-
-
-Table of Contents
-
- <a href="#section-1">1</a>. Introduction.................................................<a href="#page-3">3</a>
- <a href="#section-2">2</a>. IPv6 Addressing..............................................<a href="#page-3">3</a>
- <a href="#section-2.1">2.1</a> Addressing Model.........................................<a href="#page-4">4</a>
- <a href="#section-2.2">2.2</a> Text Representation of Addresses.........................<a href="#page-4">4</a>
- <a href="#section-2.3">2.3</a> Text Representation of Address Prefixes..................<a href="#page-5">5</a>
- <a href="#section-2.4">2.4</a> Address Type Identification..............................<a href="#page-6">6</a>
- <a href="#section-2.5">2.5</a> Unicast Addresses........................................<a href="#page-7">7</a>
- <a href="#section-2.5.1">2.5.1</a> Interface Identifiers..............................<a href="#page-8">8</a>
- <a href="#section-2.5.2">2.5.2</a> The Unspecified Address............................<a href="#page-9">9</a>
- <a href="#section-2.5.3">2.5.3</a> The Loopback Address...............................<a href="#page-9">9</a>
- <a href="#section-2.5.4">2.5.4</a> Global Unicast Addresses..........................<a href="#page-10">10</a>
- <a href="#section-2.5.5">2.5.5</a> IPv6 Addresses with Embedded IPv4 Addresses.......<a href="#page-10">10</a>
- <a href="#section-2.5.6">2.5.6</a> Local-use IPv6 Unicast Addresses..................<a href="#page-11">11</a>
- <a href="#section-2.6">2.6</a> Anycast Addresses.......................................<a href="#page-12">12</a>
- <a href="#section-2.6.1">2.6.1</a> Required Anycast Address..........................<a href="#page-13">13</a>
- <a href="#section-2.7">2.7</a> Multicast Addresses.....................................<a href="#page-13">13</a>
- <a href="#section-2.7.1">2.7.1</a> Pre-Defined Multicast Addresses...................<a href="#page-15">15</a>
- <a href="#section-2.8">2.8</a> A Node's Required Addresses.............................<a href="#page-17">17</a>
- <a href="#section-3">3</a>. Security Considerations.....................................<a href="#page-17">17</a>
- <a href="#section-4">4</a>. IANA Considerations.........................................<a href="#page-18">18</a>
- <a href="#section-5">5</a>. References..................................................<a href="#page-19">19</a>
- <a href="#section-5.1">5.1</a> Normative References....................................<a href="#page-19">19</a>
- <a href="#section-5.2">5.2</a> Informative References..................................<a href="#page-19">19</a>
- APPENDIX A: Creating Modified EUI-64 format Interface IDs......<a href="#page-21">21</a>
- APPENDIX B: Changes from <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2373">RFC-2373</a>..............................<a href="#page-24">24</a>
- Authors' Addresses.............................................<a href="#page-25">25</a>
- Full Copyright Statement.......................................<a href="#page-26">26</a>
-
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-
-<span class="grey">Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 2]</span>
-<a name="page-3" id="page-3" href="#page-3"><span class="break"> </span></a>
-<span class="grey"><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3513">RFC 3513</a> IPv6 Addressing Architecture April 2003</span>
-
-
-<span class="h2"><h2><a name="section-1">1</a>. Introduction</h2></span>
-
- This specification defines the addressing architecture of the IP
- Version 6 (IPv6) protocol. It includes the basic formats for the
- various types of IPv6 addresses (unicast, anycast, and multicast).
-
- The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Paul
- Francis, Scott Bradner, Jim Bound, Brian Carpenter, Matt Crawford,
- Deborah Estrin, Roger Fajman, Bob Fink, Peter Ford, Bob Gilligan,
- Dimitry Haskin, Tom Harsch, Christian Huitema, Tony Li, Greg
- Minshall, Thomas Narten, Erik Nordmark, Yakov Rekhter, Bill Simpson,
- Sue Thomson, Markku Savela, and Larry Masinter.
-
-<span class="h2"><h2><a name="section-2">2</a>. IPv6 Addressing</h2></span>
-
- IPv6 addresses are 128-bit identifiers for interfaces and sets of
- interfaces (where "interface" is as defined in <a href="#section-2">section 2</a> of [<a href="#ref-IPV6" title=""Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification"">IPV6</a>]).
- There are three types of addresses:
-
- Unicast: An identifier for a single interface. A packet sent to a
- unicast address is delivered to the interface identified
- by that address.
-
- Anycast: An identifier for a set of interfaces (typically belonging
- to different nodes). A packet sent to an anycast address
- is delivered to one of the interfaces identified by that
- address (the "nearest" one, according to the routing
- protocols' measure of distance).
-
- Multicast: An identifier for a set of interfaces (typically belonging
- to different nodes). A packet sent to a multicast address
- is delivered to all interfaces identified by that address.
-
- There are no broadcast addresses in IPv6, their function being
- superseded by multicast addresses.
-
- In this document, fields in addresses are given a specific name, for
- example "subnet". When this name is used with the term "ID" for
- identifier after the name (e.g., "subnet ID"), it refers to the
- contents of the named field. When it is used with the term "prefix"
- (e.g., "subnet prefix") it refers to all of the address from the left
- up to and including this field.
-
- In IPv6, all zeros and all ones are legal values for any field,
- unless specifically excluded. Specifically, prefixes may contain, or
- end with, zero-valued fields.
-
-
-
-
-
-<span class="grey">Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 3]</span>
-<a name="page-4" id="page-4" href="#page-4"><span class="break"> </span></a>
-<span class="grey"><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3513">RFC 3513</a> IPv6 Addressing Architecture April 2003</span>
-
-
-<span class="h3"><h3><a name="section-2.1">2.1</a> Addressing Model</h3></span>
-
- IPv6 addresses of all types are assigned to interfaces, not nodes.
- An IPv6 unicast address refers to a single interface. Since each
- interface belongs to a single node, any of that node's interfaces'
- unicast addresses may be used as an identifier for the node.
-
- All interfaces are required to have at least one link-local unicast
- address (see <a href="#section-2.8">section 2.8</a> for additional required addresses). A
- single interface may also have multiple IPv6 addresses of any type
- (unicast, anycast, and multicast) or scope. Unicast addresses with
- scope greater than link-scope are not needed for interfaces that are
- not used as the origin or destination of any IPv6 packets to or from
- non-neighbors. This is sometimes convenient for point-to-point
- interfaces. There is one exception to this addressing model:
-
- A unicast address or a set of unicast addresses may be assigned to
- multiple physical interfaces if the implementation treats the
- multiple physical interfaces as one interface when presenting it
- to the internet layer. This is useful for load-sharing over
- multiple physical interfaces.
-
- Currently IPv6 continues the IPv4 model that a subnet prefix is
- associated with one link. Multiple subnet prefixes may be assigned
- to the same link.
-
-<span class="h3"><h3><a name="section-2.2">2.2</a> Text Representation of Addresses</h3></span>
-
- There are three conventional forms for representing IPv6 addresses as
- text strings:
-
- 1. The preferred form is x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x, where the 'x's are the
- hexadecimal values of the eight 16-bit pieces of the address.
-
- Examples:
-
- FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210
-
- 1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A
-
- Note that it is not necessary to write the leading zeros in an
- individual field, but there must be at least one numeral in every
- field (except for the case described in 2.).
-
- 2. Due to some methods of allocating certain styles of IPv6
- addresses, it will be common for addresses to contain long strings
- of zero bits. In order to make writing addresses containing zero
- bits easier a special syntax is available to compress the zeros.
-
-
-
-<span class="grey">Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 4]</span>
-<a name="page-5" id="page-5" href="#page-5"><span class="break"> </span></a>
-<span class="grey"><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3513">RFC 3513</a> IPv6 Addressing Architecture April 2003</span>
-
-
- The use of "::" indicates one or more groups of 16 bits of zeros.
- The "::" can only appear once in an address. The "::" can also be
- used to compress leading or trailing zeros in an address.
-
- For example, the following addresses:
-
- 1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A a unicast address
- FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:101 a multicast address
- 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 the loopback address
- 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 the unspecified addresses
-
- may be represented as:
-
- 1080::8:800:200C:417A a unicast address
- FF01::101 a multicast address
- ::1 the loopback address
- :: the unspecified addresses
-
- 3. An alternative form that is sometimes more convenient when dealing
- with a mixed environment of IPv4 and IPv6 nodes is
- x:x:x:x:x:x:d.d.d.d, where the 'x's are the hexadecimal values of
- the six high-order 16-bit pieces of the address, and the 'd's are
- the decimal values of the four low-order 8-bit pieces of the
- address (standard IPv4 representation). Examples:
-
- 0:0:0:0:0:0:13.1.68.3
-
- 0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:129.144.52.38
-
- or in compressed form:
-
- ::13.1.68.3
-
- ::FFFF:129.144.52.38
-
-<span class="h3"><h3><a name="section-2.3">2.3</a> Text Representation of Address Prefixes</h3></span>
-
- The text representation of IPv6 address prefixes is similar to the
- way IPv4 addresses prefixes are written in CIDR notation [<a href="#ref-CIDR" title=""Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR): An Address Assignment and Aggregation Strategy"">CIDR</a>]. An
- IPv6 address prefix is represented by the notation:
-
- ipv6-address/prefix-length
-
- where
-
- ipv6-address is an IPv6 address in any of the notations listed
- in <a href="#section-2.2">section 2.2</a>.
-
-
-
-
-<span class="grey">Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 5]</span>
-<a name="page-6" id="page-6" href="#page-6"><span class="break"> </span></a>
-<span class="grey"><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3513">RFC 3513</a> IPv6 Addressing Architecture April 2003</span>
-
-
- prefix-length is a decimal value specifying how many of the
- leftmost contiguous bits of the address comprise
- the prefix.
-
- For example, the following are legal representations of the 60-bit
- prefix 12AB00000000CD3 (hexadecimal):
-
- 12AB:0000:0000:CD30:0000:0000:0000:0000/60
- 12AB::CD30:0:0:0:0/60
- 12AB:0:0:CD30::/60
-
- The following are NOT legal representations of the above prefix:
-
- 12AB:0:0:CD3/60 may drop leading zeros, but not trailing zeros,
- within any 16-bit chunk of the address
-
- 12AB::CD30/60 address to left of "/" expands to
- 12AB:0000:0000:0000:0000:000:0000:CD30
-
- 12AB::CD3/60 address to left of "/" expands to
- 12AB:0000:0000:0000:0000:000:0000:0CD3
-
- When writing both a node address and a prefix of that node address
- (e.g., the node's subnet prefix), the two can combined as follows:
-
- the node address 12AB:0:0:CD30:123:4567:89AB:CDEF
- and its subnet number 12AB:0:0:CD30::/60
-
- can be abbreviated as 12AB:0:0:CD30:123:4567:89AB:CDEF/60
-
-<a href="#section-2.4">2.4</a> Address Type Identification
-
- The type of an IPv6 address is identified by the high-order bits of
- the address, as follows:
-
- Address type Binary prefix IPv6 notation Section
- ------------ ------------- ------------- -------
- Unspecified 00...0 (128 bits) ::/128 2.5.2
- Loopback 00...1 (128 bits) ::1/128 2.5.3
- Multicast 11111111 FF00::/8 2.7
- Link-local unicast 1111111010 FE80::/10 2.5.6
- Site-local unicast 1111111011 FEC0::/10 2.5.6
- Global unicast (everything else)
-
- Anycast addresses are taken from the unicast address spaces (of any
- scope) and are not syntactically distinguishable from unicast
- addresses.
-
-
-
-
-<span class="grey">Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 6]</span>
-<a name="page-7" id="page-7" href="#page-7"><span class="break"> </span></a>
-<span class="grey"><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3513">RFC 3513</a> IPv6 Addressing Architecture April 2003</span>
-
-
- The general format of global unicast addresses is described in
- <a href="#section-2.5.4">section 2.5.4</a>. Some special-purpose subtypes of global unicast
- addresses which contain embedded IPv4 addresses (for the purposes of
- IPv4-IPv6 interoperation) are described in <a href="#section-2.5.5">section 2.5.5</a>.
-
- Future specifications may redefine one or more sub-ranges of the
- global unicast space for other purposes, but unless and until that
- happens, implementations must treat all addresses that do not start
- with any of the above-listed prefixes as global unicast addresses.
-
-<span class="h3"><h3><a name="section-2.5">2.5</a> Unicast Addresses</h3></span>
-
- IPv6 unicast addresses are aggregable with prefixes of arbitrary
- bit-length similar to IPv4 addresses under Classless Interdomain
- Routing.
-
- There are several types of unicast addresses in IPv6, in particular
- global unicast, site-local unicast, and link-local unicast. There
- are also some special-purpose subtypes of global unicast, such as
- IPv6 addresses with embedded IPv4 addresses or encoded NSAP
- addresses. Additional address types or subtypes can be defined in
- the future.
-
- IPv6 nodes may have considerable or little knowledge of the internal
- structure of the IPv6 address, depending on the role the node plays
- (for instance, host versus router). At a minimum, a node may
- consider that unicast addresses (including its own) have no internal
- structure:
-
- | 128 bits |
- +-----------------------------------------------------------------+
- | node address |
- +-----------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- A slightly sophisticated host (but still rather simple) may
- additionally be aware of subnet prefix(es) for the link(s) it is
- attached to, where different addresses may have different values for
- n:
-
- | n bits | 128-n bits |
- +------------------------------------------------+----------------+
- | subnet prefix | interface ID |
- +------------------------------------------------+----------------+
-
- Though a very simple router may have no knowledge of the internal
- structure of IPv6 unicast addresses, routers will more generally have
- knowledge of one or more of the hierarchical boundaries for the
- operation of routing protocols. The known boundaries will differ
-
-
-
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-<a name="page-8" id="page-8" href="#page-8"><span class="break"> </span></a>
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-
- from router to router, depending on what positions the router holds
- in the routing hierarchy.
-
-<span class="h4"><h4><a name="section-2.5.1">2.5.1</a> Interface Identifiers</h4></span>
-
- Interface identifiers in IPv6 unicast addresses are used to identify
- interfaces on a link. They are required to be unique within a subnet
- prefix. It is recommended that the same interface identifier not be
- assigned to different nodes on a link. They may also be unique over
- a broader scope. In some cases an interface's identifier will be
- derived directly from that interface's link-layer address. The same
- interface identifier may be used on multiple interfaces on a single
- node, as long as they are attached to different subnets.
-
- Note that the uniqueness of interface identifiers is independent of
- the uniqueness of IPv6 addresses. For example, a global unicast
- address may be created with a non-global scope interface identifier
- and a site-local address may be created with a global scope interface
- identifier.
-
- For all unicast addresses, except those that start with binary value
- 000, Interface IDs are required to be 64 bits long and to be
- constructed in Modified EUI-64 format.
-
- Modified EUI-64 format based Interface identifiers may have global
- scope when derived from a global token (e.g., IEEE 802 48-bit MAC or
- IEEE EUI-64 identifiers [<a href="#ref-EUI64" title=""./rfc3513"">EUI64</a>]) or may have local scope where a
- global token is not available (e.g., serial links, tunnel end-points,
- etc.) or where global tokens are undesirable (e.g., temporary tokens
- for privacy [<a href="#ref-PRIV" title=""Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6"">PRIV</a>]).
-
- Modified EUI-64 format interface identifiers are formed by inverting
- the "u" bit (universal/local bit in IEEE EUI-64 terminology) when
- forming the interface identifier from IEEE EUI-64 identifiers. In
- the resulting Modified EUI-64 format the "u" bit is set to one (1) to
- indicate global scope, and it is set to zero (0) to indicate local
- scope. The first three octets in binary of an IEEE EUI-64 identifier
- are as follows:
-
- 0 0 0 1 1 2
- |0 7 8 5 6 3|
- +----+----+----+----+----+----+
- |cccc|ccug|cccc|cccc|cccc|cccc|
- +----+----+----+----+----+----+
-
- written in Internet standard bit-order , where "u" is the
- universal/local bit, "g" is the individual/group bit, and "c" are the
- bits of the company_id. Appendix A: "Creating Modified EUI-64 format
-
-
-
-<span class="grey">Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 8]</span>
-<a name="page-9" id="page-9" href="#page-9"><span class="break"> </span></a>
-<span class="grey"><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3513">RFC 3513</a> IPv6 Addressing Architecture April 2003</span>
-
-
- Interface Identifiers" provides examples on the creation of Modified
- EUI-64 format based interface identifiers.
-
- The motivation for inverting the "u" bit when forming an interface
- identifier is to make it easy for system administrators to hand
- configure non-global identifiers when hardware tokens are not
- available. This is expected to be case for serial links, tunnel end-
- points, etc. The alternative would have been for these to be of the
- form 0200:0:0:1, 0200:0:0:2, etc., instead of the much simpler 1, 2,
- etc.
-
- The use of the universal/local bit in the Modified EUI-64 format
- identifier is to allow development of future technology that can take
- advantage of interface identifiers with global scope.
-
- The details of forming interface identifiers are defined in the
- appropriate "IPv6 over <link>" specification such as "IPv6 over
- Ethernet" [<a href="#ref-ETHER" title=""Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet Networks"">ETHER</a>], "IPv6 over FDDI" [<a href="#ref-FDDI" title=""Transmission of IPv6 Packets over FDDI Networks"">FDDI</a>], etc.
-
-<span class="h4"><h4><a name="section-2.5.2">2.5.2</a> The Unspecified Address</h4></span>
-
- The address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 is called the unspecified address. It
- must never be assigned to any node. It indicates the absence of an
- address. One example of its use is in the Source Address field of
- any IPv6 packets sent by an initializing host before it has learned
- its own address.
-
- The unspecified address must not be used as the destination address
- of IPv6 packets or in IPv6 Routing Headers. An IPv6 packet with a
- source address of unspecified must never be forwarded by an IPv6
- router.
-
-<span class="h4"><h4><a name="section-2.5.3">2.5.3</a> The Loopback Address</h4></span>
-
- The unicast address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 is called the loopback address.
- It may be used by a node to send an IPv6 packet to itself. It may
- never be assigned to any physical interface. It is treated as
- having link-local scope, and may be thought of as the link-local
- unicast address of a virtual interface (typically called "the
- loopback interface") to an imaginary link that goes nowhere.
-
- The loopback address must not be used as the source address in IPv6
- packets that are sent outside of a single node. An IPv6 packet with
- a destination address of loopback must never be sent outside of a
- single node and must never be forwarded by an IPv6 router. A packet
- received on an interface with destination address of loopback must be
- dropped.
-
-
-
-
-<span class="grey">Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 9]</span>
-<a name="page-10" id="page-10" href="#page-10"><span class="break"> </span></a>
-<span class="grey"><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3513">RFC 3513</a> IPv6 Addressing Architecture April 2003</span>
-
-
-<span class="h4"><h4><a name="section-2.5.4">2.5.4</a> Global Unicast Addresses</h4></span>
-
- The general format for IPv6 global unicast addresses is as follows:
-
- | n bits | m bits | 128-n-m bits |
- +------------------------+-----------+----------------------------+
- | global routing prefix | subnet ID | interface ID |
- +------------------------+-----------+----------------------------+
-
- where the global routing prefix is a (typically hierarchically-
- structured) value assigned to a site (a cluster of subnets/links),
- the subnet ID is an identifier of a link within the site, and the
- interface ID is as defined in <a href="#section-2.5.1">section 2.5.1</a>.
-
- All global unicast addresses other than those that start with binary
- 000 have a 64-bit interface ID field (i.e., n + m = 64), formatted as
- described in <a href="#section-2.5.1">section 2.5.1</a>. Global unicast addresses that start with
- binary 000 have no such constraint on the size or structure of the
- interface ID field.
-
- Examples of global unicast addresses that start with binary 000 are
- the IPv6 address with embedded IPv4 addresses described in section
- 2.5.5 and the IPv6 address containing encoded NSAP addresses
- specified in [<a href="#ref-NSAP" title=""OSI NSAPs and IPv6"">NSAP</a>]. An example of global addresses starting with a
- binary value other than 000 (and therefore having a 64-bit interface
- ID field) can be found in [<a href="#ref-AGGR" title=""An Aggregatable Global Unicast Address Format"">AGGR</a>].
-
-<span class="h4"><h4><a name="section-2.5.5">2.5.5</a> IPv6 Addresses with Embedded IPv4 Addresses</h4></span>
-
- The IPv6 transition mechanisms [<a href="#ref-TRAN" title=""Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers"">TRAN</a>] include a technique for hosts
- and routers to dynamically tunnel IPv6 packets over IPv4 routing
- infrastructure. IPv6 nodes that use this technique are assigned
- special IPv6 unicast addresses that carry a global IPv4 address in
- the low-order 32 bits. This type of address is termed an "IPv4-
- compatible IPv6 address" and has the format:
-
- | 80 bits | 16 | 32 bits |
- +--------------------------------------+--------------------------+
- |0000..............................0000|0000| IPv4 address |
- +--------------------------------------+----+---------------------+
-
- Note: The IPv4 address used in the "IPv4-compatible IPv6 address"
- must be a globally-unique IPv4 unicast address.
-
- A second type of IPv6 address which holds an embedded IPv4 address is
- also defined. This address type is used to represent the addresses
- of IPv4 nodes as IPv6 addresses. This type of address is termed an
- "IPv4-mapped IPv6 address" and has the format:
-
-
-
-<span class="grey">Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 10]</span>
-<a name="page-11" id="page-11" href="#page-11"><span class="break"> </span></a>
-<span class="grey"><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3513">RFC 3513</a> IPv6 Addressing Architecture April 2003</span>
-
-
- | 80 bits | 16 | 32 bits |
- +--------------------------------------+--------------------------+
- |0000..............................0000|FFFF| IPv4 address |
- +--------------------------------------+----+---------------------+
-
-<span class="h4"><h4><a name="section-2.5.6">2.5.6</a> Local-Use IPv6 Unicast Addresses</h4></span>
-
- There are two types of local-use unicast addresses defined. These
- are Link-Local and Site-Local. The Link-Local is for use on a single
- link and the Site-Local is for use in a single site. Link-Local
- addresses have the following format:
-
- | 10 |
- | bits | 54 bits | 64 bits |
- +----------+-------------------------+----------------------------+
- |1111111010| 0 | interface ID |
- +----------+-------------------------+----------------------------+
-
- Link-Local addresses are designed to be used for addressing on a
- single link for purposes such as automatic address configuration,
- neighbor discovery, or when no routers are present.
-
- Routers must not forward any packets with link-local source or
- destination addresses to other links.
-
- Site-Local addresses have the following format:
-
- | 10 |
- | bits | 54 bits | 64 bits |
- +----------+-------------------------+----------------------------+
- |1111111011| subnet ID | interface ID |
- +----------+-------------------------+----------------------------+
-
- Site-local addresses are designed to be used for addressing inside of
- a site without the need for a global prefix. Although a subnet ID
- may be up to 54-bits long, it is expected that globally-connected
- sites will use the same subnet IDs for site-local and global
- prefixes.
-
- Routers must not forward any packets with site-local source or
- destination addresses outside of the site.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<span class="grey">Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 11]</span>
-<a name="page-12" id="page-12" href="#page-12"><span class="break"> </span></a>
-<span class="grey"><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3513">RFC 3513</a> IPv6 Addressing Architecture April 2003</span>
-
-
-<span class="h3"><h3><a name="section-2.6">2.6</a> Anycast Addresses</h3></span>
-
- An IPv6 anycast address is an address that is assigned to more than
- one interface (typically belonging to different nodes), with the
- property that a packet sent to an anycast address is routed to the
- "nearest" interface having that address, according to the routing
- protocols' measure of distance.
-
- Anycast addresses are allocated from the unicast address space, using
- any of the defined unicast address formats. Thus, anycast addresses
- are syntactically indistinguishable from unicast addresses. When a
- unicast address is assigned to more than one interface, thus turning
- it into an anycast address, the nodes to which the address is
- assigned must be explicitly configured to know that it is an anycast
- address.
-
- For any assigned anycast address, there is a longest prefix P of that
- address that identifies the topological region in which all
- interfaces belonging to that anycast address reside. Within the
- region identified by P, the anycast address must be maintained as a
- separate entry in the routing system (commonly referred to as a "host
- route"); outside the region identified by P, the anycast address may
- be aggregated into the routing entry for prefix P.
-
- Note that in the worst case, the prefix P of an anycast set may be
- the null prefix, i.e., the members of the set may have no topological
- locality. In that case, the anycast address must be maintained as a
- separate routing entry throughout the entire internet, which presents
- a severe scaling limit on how many such "global" anycast sets may be
- supported. Therefore, it is expected that support for global anycast
- sets may be unavailable or very restricted.
-
- One expected use of anycast addresses is to identify the set of
- routers belonging to an organization providing internet service.
- Such addresses could be used as intermediate addresses in an IPv6
- Routing header, to cause a packet to be delivered via a particular
- service provider or sequence of service providers.
-
- Some other possible uses are to identify the set of routers attached
- to a particular subnet, or the set of routers providing entry into a
- particular routing domain.
-
- There is little experience with widespread, arbitrary use of internet
- anycast addresses, and some known complications and hazards when
- using them in their full generality [<a href="#ref-ANYCST" title=""Host Anycasting Service"">ANYCST</a>]. Until more experience
- has been gained and solutions are specified, the following
- restrictions are imposed on IPv6 anycast addresses:
-
-
-
-
-<span class="grey">Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 12]</span>
-<a name="page-13" id="page-13" href="#page-13"><span class="break"> </span></a>
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-
-
- o An anycast address must not be used as the source address of an
- IPv6 packet.
-
- o An anycast address must not be assigned to an IPv6 host, that is,
- it may be assigned to an IPv6 router only.
-
-<span class="h4"><h4><a name="section-2.6.1">2.6.1</a> Required Anycast Address</h4></span>
-
- The Subnet-Router anycast address is predefined. Its format is as
- follows:
-
- | n bits | 128-n bits |
- +------------------------------------------------+----------------+
- | subnet prefix | 00000000000000 |
- +------------------------------------------------+----------------+
-
- The "subnet prefix" in an anycast address is the prefix which
- identifies a specific link. This anycast address is syntactically
- the same as a unicast address for an interface on the link with the
- interface identifier set to zero.
-
- Packets sent to the Subnet-Router anycast address will be delivered
- to one router on the subnet. All routers are required to support the
- Subnet-Router anycast addresses for the subnets to which they have
- interfaces.
-
- The subnet-router anycast address is intended to be used for
- applications where a node needs to communicate with any one of the
- set of routers.
-
-<span class="h3"><h3><a name="section-2.7">2.7</a> Multicast Addresses</h3></span>
-
- An IPv6 multicast address is an identifier for a group of interfaces
- (typically on different nodes). An interface may belong to any
- number of multicast groups. Multicast addresses have the following
- format:
-
- | 8 | 4 | 4 | 112 bits |
- +------ -+----+----+---------------------------------------------+
- |11111111|flgs|scop| group ID |
- +--------+----+----+---------------------------------------------+
-
- binary 11111111 at the start of the address identifies the
- address as being a multicast address.
-
- +-+-+-+-+
- flgs is a set of 4 flags: |0|0|0|T|
- +-+-+-+-+
-
-
-
-<span class="grey">Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 13]</span>
-<a name="page-14" id="page-14" href="#page-14"><span class="break"> </span></a>
-<span class="grey"><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3513">RFC 3513</a> IPv6 Addressing Architecture April 2003</span>
-
-
- The high-order 3 flags are reserved, and must be initialized
- to 0.
-
- T = 0 indicates a permanently-assigned ("well-known")
- multicast address, assigned by the Internet Assigned Number
- Authority (IANA).
-
- T = 1 indicates a non-permanently-assigned ("transient")
- multicast address.
-
- scop is a 4-bit multicast scope value used to limit the scope
- of the multicast group. The values are:
-
- 0 reserved
- 1 interface-local scope
- 2 link-local scope
- 3 reserved
- 4 admin-local scope
- 5 site-local scope
- 6 (unassigned)
- 7 (unassigned)
- 8 organization-local scope
- 9 (unassigned)
- A (unassigned)
- B (unassigned)
- C (unassigned)
- D (unassigned)
- E global scope
- F reserved
-
- interface-local scope spans only a single interface on a
- node, and is useful only for loopback transmission of
- multicast.
-
- link-local and site-local multicast scopes span the same
- topological regions as the corresponding unicast scopes.
-
- admin-local scope is the smallest scope that must be
- administratively configured, i.e., not automatically derived
- from physical connectivity or other, non- multicast-related
- configuration.
-
- organization-local scope is intended to span multiple sites
- belonging to a single organization.
-
- scopes labeled "(unassigned)" are available for
- administrators to define additional multicast regions.
-
-
-
-
-<span class="grey">Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 14]</span>
-<a name="page-15" id="page-15" href="#page-15"><span class="break"> </span></a>
-<span class="grey"><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3513">RFC 3513</a> IPv6 Addressing Architecture April 2003</span>
-
-
- group ID identifies the multicast group, either permanent or
- transient, within the given scope.
-
- The "meaning" of a permanently-assigned multicast address is
- independent of the scope value. For example, if the "NTP servers
- group" is assigned a permanent multicast address with a group ID of
- 101 (hex), then:
-
- FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:101 means all NTP servers on the same interface
- (i.e., the same node) as the sender.
-
- FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:101 means all NTP servers on the same link as the
- sender.
-
- FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:101 means all NTP servers in the same site as the
- sender.
-
- FF0E:0:0:0:0:0:0:101 means all NTP servers in the internet.
-
- Non-permanently-assigned multicast addresses are meaningful only
- within a given scope. For example, a group identified by the non-
- permanent, site-local multicast address FF15:0:0:0:0:0:0:101 at one
- site bears no relationship to a group using the same address at a
- different site, nor to a non-permanent group using the same group ID
- with different scope, nor to a permanent group with the same group
- ID.
-
- Multicast addresses must not be used as source addresses in IPv6
- packets or appear in any Routing header.
-
- Routers must not forward any multicast packets beyond of the scope
- indicated by the scop field in the destination multicast address.
-
- Nodes must not originate a packet to a multicast address whose scop
- field contains the reserved value 0; if such a packet is received, it
- must be silently dropped. Nodes should not originate a packet to a
- multicast address whose scop field contains the reserved value F; if
- such a packet is sent or received, it must be treated the same as
- packets destined to a global (scop E) multicast address.
-
-<span class="h4"><h4><a name="section-2.7.1">2.7.1</a> Pre-Defined Multicast Addresses</h4></span>
-
- The following well-known multicast addresses are pre-defined. The
- group ID's defined in this section are defined for explicit scope
- values.
-
- Use of these group IDs for any other scope values, with the T flag
- equal to 0, is not allowed.
-
-
-
-<span class="grey">Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 15]</span>
-<a name="page-16" id="page-16" href="#page-16"><span class="break"> </span></a>
-<span class="grey"><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3513">RFC 3513</a> IPv6 Addressing Architecture April 2003</span>
-
-
- Reserved Multicast Addresses: FF00:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
- FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
- FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
- FF03:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
- FF04:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
- FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
- FF06:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
- FF07:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
- FF08:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
- FF09:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
- FF0A:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
- FF0B:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
- FF0C:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
- FF0D:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
- FF0E:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
- FF0F:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
-
- The above multicast addresses are reserved and shall never be
- assigned to any multicast group.
-
- All Nodes Addresses: FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
- FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
-
- The above multicast addresses identify the group of all IPv6 nodes,
- within scope 1 (interface-local) or 2 (link-local).
-
- All Routers Addresses: FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:2
- FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:2
- FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:2
-
- The above multicast addresses identify the group of all IPv6 routers,
- within scope 1 (interface-local), 2 (link-local), or 5 (site-local).
-
- Solicited-Node Address: FF02:0:0:0:0:1:FFXX:XXXX
-
- Solicited-node multicast address are computed as a function of a
- node's unicast and anycast addresses. A solicited-node multicast
- address is formed by taking the low-order 24 bits of an address
- (unicast or anycast) and appending those bits to the prefix
- FF02:0:0:0:0:1:FF00::/104 resulting in a multicast address in the
- range
-
- FF02:0:0:0:0:1:FF00:0000
-
- to
-
- FF02:0:0:0:0:1:FFFF:FFFF
-
-
-
-
-<span class="grey">Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 16]</span>
-<a name="page-17" id="page-17" href="#page-17"><span class="break"> </span></a>
-<span class="grey"><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3513">RFC 3513</a> IPv6 Addressing Architecture April 2003</span>
-
-
- For example, the solicited node multicast address corresponding to
- the IPv6 address 4037::01:800:200E:8C6C is FF02::1:FF0E:8C6C. IPv6
- addresses that differ only in the high-order bits, e.g., due to
- multiple high-order prefixes associated with different aggregations,
- will map to the same solicited-node address thereby, reducing the
- number of multicast addresses a node must join.
-
- A node is required to compute and join (on the appropriate interface)
- the associated Solicited-Node multicast addresses for every unicast
- and anycast address it is assigned.
-
-<span class="h3"><h3><a name="section-2.8">2.8</a> A Node's Required Addresses</h3></span>
-
- A host is required to recognize the following addresses as
- identifying itself:
-
- o Its required Link-Local Address for each interface.
- o Any additional Unicast and Anycast Addresses that have been
- configured for the node's interfaces (manually or
- automatically).
- o The loopback address.
- o The All-Nodes Multicast Addresses defined in <a href="#section-2.7.1">section 2.7.1</a>.
- o The Solicited-Node Multicast Address for each of its unicast
- and anycast addresses.
- o Multicast Addresses of all other groups to which the node
- belongs.
-
- A router is required to recognize all addresses that a host is
- required to recognize, plus the following addresses as identifying
- itself:
-
- o The Subnet-Router Anycast Addresses for all interfaces for
- which it is configured to act as a router.
- o All other Anycast Addresses with which the router has been
- configured.
- o The All-Routers Multicast Addresses defined in <a href="#section-2.7.1">section 2.7.1</a>.
-
-<span class="h2"><h2><a name="section-3">3</a>. Security Considerations</h2></span>
-
- IPv6 addressing documents do not have any direct impact on Internet
- infrastructure security. Authentication of IPv6 packets is defined
- in [<a href="#ref-AUTH" title=""IP Authentication Header"">AUTH</a>].
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<span class="grey">Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 17]</span>
-<a name="page-18" id="page-18" href="#page-18"><span class="break"> </span></a>
-<span class="grey"><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3513">RFC 3513</a> IPv6 Addressing Architecture April 2003</span>
-
-
-<span class="h2"><h2><a name="section-4">4</a>. IANA Considerations</h2></span>
-
- The table and notes at <a href="http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/ipv6-address-space.txt">http://www.isi.edu/in-</a>
- <a href="http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/ipv6-address-space.txt">notes/iana/assignments/ipv6-address-space.txt</a> should be replaced with
- the following:
-
- INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 6 ADDRESS SPACE
-
- The initial assignment of IPv6 address space is as follows:
-
- Allocation Prefix Fraction of
- (binary) Address Space
- ----------------------------------- -------- -------------
- Unassigned (see Note 1 below) 0000 0000 1/256
- Unassigned 0000 0001 1/256
- Reserved for NSAP Allocation 0000 001 1/128 [<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1888">RFC1888</a>]
- Unassigned 0000 01 1/64
- Unassigned 0000 1 1/32
- Unassigned 0001 1/16
- Global Unicast 001 1/8 [<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2374">RFC2374</a>]
- Unassigned 010 1/8
- Unassigned 011 1/8
- Unassigned 100 1/8
- Unassigned 101 1/8
- Unassigned 110 1/8
- Unassigned 1110 1/16
- Unassigned 1111 0 1/32
- Unassigned 1111 10 1/64
- Unassigned 1111 110 1/128
- Unassigned 1111 1110 0 1/512
- Link-Local Unicast Addresses 1111 1110 10 1/1024
- Site-Local Unicast Addresses 1111 1110 11 1/1024
- Multicast Addresses 1111 1111 1/256
-
- Notes:
-
- 1. The "unspecified address", the "loopback address", and the IPv6
- Addresses with Embedded IPv4 Addresses are assigned out of the
- 0000 0000 binary prefix space.
-
- 2. For now, IANA should limit its allocation of IPv6 unicast address
- space to the range of addresses that start with binary value 001.
- The rest of the global unicast address space (approximately 85% of
- the IPv6 address space) is reserved for future definition and use,
- and is not to be assigned by IANA at this time.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<span class="grey">Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 18]</span>
-<a name="page-19" id="page-19" href="#page-19"><span class="break"> </span></a>
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-
-
-<span class="h2"><h2><a name="section-5">5</a>. References</h2></span>
-
-<span class="h3"><h3><a name="section-5.1">5.1</a> Normative References</h3></span>
-
- [<a name="ref-IPV6" id="ref-IPV6">IPV6</a>] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
- (IPv6) Specification", <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2460">RFC 2460</a>, December 1998.
-
- [<a name="ref-RFC2026" id="ref-RFC2026">RFC2026</a>] Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision
- 3", <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp9">BCP 9</a> , <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2026">RFC 2026</a>, October 1996.
-
-<span class="h3"><h3><a name="section-5.2">5.2</a> Informative References</h3></span>
-
- [<a name="ref-ANYCST" id="ref-ANYCST">ANYCST</a>] Partridge, C., Mendez, T. and W. Milliken, "Host Anycasting
- Service", <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1546">RFC 1546</a>, November 1993.
-
- [<a name="ref-AUTH" id="ref-AUTH">AUTH</a>] Kent, S. and R. Atkinson, "IP Authentication Header", <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2402">RFC</a>
- <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2402">2402</a>, November 1998.
-
- [<a name="ref-AGGR" id="ref-AGGR">AGGR</a>] Hinden, R., O'Dell, M. and S. Deering, "An Aggregatable
- Global Unicast Address Format", <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2374">RFC 2374</a>, July 1998.
-
- [<a name="ref-CIDR" id="ref-CIDR">CIDR</a>] Fuller, V., Li, T., Yu, J. and K. Varadhan, "Classless
- Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR): An Address Assignment and
- Aggregation Strategy", <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1519">RFC 1519</a>, September 1993.
-
- [<a name="ref-ETHER" id="ref-ETHER">ETHER</a>] Crawford, M., "Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet
- Networks", <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2464">RFC 2464</a>, December 1998.
-
- [<a name="ref-EUI64" id="ref-EUI64">EUI64</a>] IEEE, "Guidelines for 64-bit Global Identifier (EUI-64)
- Registration Authority",
- <a href="http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/tutorials/EUI64.html">http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/tutorials/EUI64.html</a>,
- March 1997.
-
- [<a name="ref-FDDI" id="ref-FDDI">FDDI</a>] Crawford, M., "Transmission of IPv6 Packets over FDDI
- Networks", <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2467">RFC 2467</a>, December 1998.
-
- [<a name="ref-MASGN" id="ref-MASGN">MASGN</a>] Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IPv6 Multicast Address
- Assignments", <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2375">RFC 2375</a>, July 1998.
-
- [<a name="ref-NSAP" id="ref-NSAP">NSAP</a>] Bound, J., Carpenter, B., Harrington, D., Houldsworth, J.
- and A. Lloyd, "OSI NSAPs and IPv6", <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1888">RFC 1888</a>, August 1996.
-
- [<a name="ref-PRIV" id="ref-PRIV">PRIV</a>] Narten, T. and R. Draves, "Privacy Extensions for Stateless
- Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6", <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3041">RFC 3041</a>, January 2001.
-
- [<a name="ref-TOKEN" id="ref-TOKEN">TOKEN</a>] Crawford, M., Narten, T. and S. Thomas, "Transmission of
- IPv6 Packets over Token Ring Networks", <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2470">RFC 2470</a>, December
- 1998.
-
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- [<a name="ref-TRAN" id="ref-TRAN">TRAN</a>] Gilligan, R. and E. Nordmark, "Transition Mechanisms for
- IPv6 Hosts and Routers", <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2893">RFC 2893</a>, August 2000.
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-
-APPENDIX A: Creating Modified EUI-64 format Interface Identifiers
-
- Depending on the characteristics of a specific link or node there are
- a number of approaches for creating Modified EUI-64 format interface
- identifiers. This appendix describes some of these approaches.
-
-Links or Nodes with IEEE EUI-64 Identifiers
-
- The only change needed to transform an IEEE EUI-64 identifier to an
- interface identifier is to invert the "u" (universal/local) bit. For
- example, a globally unique IEEE EUI-64 identifier of the form:
-
- |0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
- |0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
- +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
- |cccccc0gcccccccc|ccccccccmmmmmmmm|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm|
- +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
-
- where "c" are the bits of the assigned company_id, "0" is the value
- of the universal/local bit to indicate global scope, "g" is
- individual/group bit, and "m" are the bits of the manufacturer-
- selected extension identifier. The IPv6 interface identifier would
- be of the form:
-
- |0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
- |0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
- +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
- |cccccc1gcccccccc|ccccccccmmmmmmmm|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm|
- +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
-
- The only change is inverting the value of the universal/local bit.
-
-Links or Nodes with IEEE 802 48 bit MAC's
-
- [<a name="ref-EUI64" id="ref-EUI64">EUI64</a>] defines a method to create a IEEE EUI-64 identifier from an
- IEEE 48bit MAC identifier. This is to insert two octets, with
- hexadecimal values of 0xFF and 0xFE, in the middle of the 48 bit MAC
- (between the company_id and vendor supplied id). For example, the 48
- bit IEEE MAC with global scope:
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- |0 1|1 3|3 4|
- |0 5|6 1|2 7|
- +----------------+----------------+----------------+
- |cccccc0gcccccccc|ccccccccmmmmmmmm|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm|
- +----------------+----------------+----------------+
-
- where "c" are the bits of the assigned company_id, "0" is the value
- of the universal/local bit to indicate global scope, "g" is
- individual/group bit, and "m" are the bits of the manufacturer-
- selected extension identifier. The interface identifier would be of
- the form:
-
- |0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
- |0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
- +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
- |cccccc1gcccccccc|cccccccc11111111|11111110mmmmmmmm|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm|
- +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
-
- When IEEE 802 48bit MAC addresses are available (on an interface or a
- node), an implementation may use them to create interface identifiers
- due to their availability and uniqueness properties.
-
-Links with Other Kinds of Identifiers
-
- There are a number of types of links that have link-layer interface
- identifiers other than IEEE EIU-64 or IEEE 802 48-bit MACs. Examples
- include LocalTalk and Arcnet. The method to create an Modified EUI-
- 64 format identifier is to take the link identifier (e.g., the
- LocalTalk 8 bit node identifier) and zero fill it to the left. For
- example, a LocalTalk 8 bit node identifier of hexadecimal value 0x4F
- results in the following interface identifier:
-
- |0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
- |0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
- +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
- |0000000000000000|0000000000000000|0000000000000000|0000000001001111|
- +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
-
- Note that this results in the universal/local bit set to "0" to
- indicate local scope.
-
-Links without Identifiers
-
- There are a number of links that do not have any type of built-in
- identifier. The most common of these are serial links and configured
- tunnels. Interface identifiers must be chosen that are unique within
- a subnet-prefix.
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- When no built-in identifier is available on a link the preferred
- approach is to use a global interface identifier from another
- interface or one which is assigned to the node itself. When using
- this approach no other interface connecting the same node to the same
- subnet-prefix may use the same identifier.
-
- If there is no global interface identifier available for use on the
- link the implementation needs to create a local-scope interface
- identifier. The only requirement is that it be unique within a
- subnet prefix. There are many possible approaches to select a
- subnet-prefix-unique interface identifier. These include:
-
- Manual Configuration
- Node Serial Number
- Other node-specific token
-
- The subnet-prefix-unique interface identifier should be generated in
- a manner that it does not change after a reboot of a node or if
- interfaces are added or deleted from the node.
-
- The selection of the appropriate algorithm is link and implementation
- dependent. The details on forming interface identifiers are defined
- in the appropriate "IPv6 over <link>" specification. It is strongly
- recommended that a collision detection algorithm be implemented as
- part of any automatic algorithm.
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-APPENDIX B: Changes from <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2373">RFC-2373</a>
-
- The following changes were made from <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2373">RFC-2373</a> "IP Version 6
- Addressing Architecture":
-
- - Clarified text in <a href="#section-2.2">section 2.2</a> to allow "::" to represent one or
- more groups of 16 bits of zeros.
- - Changed uniqueness requirement of Interface Identifiers from
- unique on a link to unique within a subnet prefix. Also added a
- recommendation that the same interface identifier not be assigned
- to different machines on a link.
- - Change site-local format to make the subnet ID field 54-bit long
- and remove the 38-bit zero's field.
- - Added description of multicast scop values and rules to handle the
- reserved scop value 0.
- - Revised sections 2.4 and 2.5.6 to simplify and clarify how
- different address types are identified. This was done to insure
- that implementations do not build in any knowledge about global
- unicast format prefixes. Changes include:
- o Removed Format Prefix (FP) terminology
- o Revised list of address types to only include exceptions to
- global unicast and a singe entry that identifies everything
- else as Global Unicast.
- o Removed list of defined prefix exceptions from <a href="#section-2.5.6">section 2.5.6</a>
- as it is now the main part of <a href="#section-2.4">section 2.4</a>.
- - Clarified text relating to EUI-64 identifiers to distinguish
- between IPv6's "Modified EUI-64 format" identifiers and IEEE EUI-
- 64 identifiers.
- - Combined the sections on the Global Unicast Addresses and NSAP
- Addresses into a single section on Global Unicast Addresses,
- generalized the Global Unicast format, and cited [<a href="#ref-AGGR" title=""An Aggregatable Global Unicast Address Format"">AGGR</a>] and [<a href="#ref-NSAP" title=""OSI NSAPs and IPv6"">NSAP</a>]
- as examples.
- - Reordered sections 2.5.4 and 2.5.5.
- - Removed <a href="#section-2.7.2">section 2.7.2</a> Assignment of New IPv6 Multicast Addresses
- because this is being redefined elsewhere.
- - Added an IANA considerations section that updates the IANA IPv6
- address allocations and documents the NSAP and AGGR allocations.
- - Added clarification that the "IPv4-compatible IPv6 address" must
- use global IPv4 unicast addresses.
- - Divided references in to normative and non-normative sections.
- - Added reference to [<a href="#ref-PRIV" title=""Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6"">PRIV</a>] in <a href="#section-2.5.1">section 2.5.1</a>
- - Added clarification that routers must not forward multicast
- packets outside of the scope indicated in the multicast address.
- - Added clarification that routers must not forward packets with
- source address of the unspecified address.
- - Added clarification that routers must drop packets received on an
- interface with destination address of loopback.
- - Clarified the definition of IPv4-mapped addresses.
-
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-
- - Removed the ABNF Description of Text Representations Appendix.
- - Removed the address block reserved for IPX addresses.
- - Multicast scope changes:
- o Changed name of scope value 1 from "node-local" to
- "interface-local"
- o Defined scope value 4 as "admin-local"
- - Corrected reference to <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1933">RFC1933</a> and updated references.
- - Many small changes to clarify and make the text more consistent.
-
-Authors' Addresses
-
- Robert M. Hinden
- Nokia
- 313 Fairchild Drive
- Mountain View, CA 94043
- USA
-
- Phone: +1 650 625-2004
- EMail: hinden@iprg.nokia.com
-
-
- Stephen E. Deering
- Cisco Systems, Inc.
- 170 West Tasman Drive
- San Jose, CA 95134-1706
- USA
-
- Phone: +1 408 527-8213
- EMail: deering@cisco.com
-
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-
-
-Full Copyright Statement
-
- Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
-
- This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
- others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
- or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
- and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
- kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
- included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
- document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
- the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
- Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
- developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
- copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
- followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
- English.
-
- The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
- revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
-
- This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
- "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
- TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
- BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
- HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
-Acknowledgement
-
- Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
- Internet Society.
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