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Diffstat (limited to 'xsd/documentation/cxx/tree/guide/cxx-tree-guide.ps')
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{( ) search{pop pop E A2 add E}{pop exit}ie}loop 3 -1 roll add - W CP pop sub 2 copy gt{E}if pop}if}D -/So {/Co E D} D -/SO {C1 Yo ST cvs join ( So ) join /C1 E D (j) SW pop 2 div Pd} D -/Se {E WB CS E div Pd}D -/Pd {dup type /stringtype eq{SW pop}if dup /L1 E L1 add D - ST cvs ( 0 R ) join C1 E join /C1 E D} D -/Sp {0.35 CO} D -/Sb {-0.2 CO} D -/CO {OV Io Yo put /Yo E CS mul Yo add D /Io Io 1 add D -1.5 Io mul 3 add FZ SO - CS Yo add dup YA gt{/YA E D}{pop}ie - Yo neg dup YB gt{/YB E D}{pop}ie} D -/Es {ES /Io Io 1 sub NN D /Yo OV Io get D SO} D -/SB {/N2 0 D 0 1 NI{/N E D{IX N2 get 0 lt{/N2 N2 1 add D}{exit}ie}loop - /K WS N get FC N get mul D /NY AY N2 get D /BV NY array D - 0 1 NY 1 sub{/TM K string D currentfile TM readhexstring pop pop BV E TM put} - for BM N BV put /N2 N2 1 add D}for} D -/IC [{/MA E D /MB 0 D}{2 div /MA E D /MB MA D}{/MB E CS sub D /MA CS D} - {pop /MA YS AB mul D /MB 1 AB sub YS mul D}{pop /MA 0 D /MB 0 D}] D -/IP {BV N get /N N 1 add D} D -/II {/K E D IX K get 0 lt{/EC E D}if /TY E D - TY 4 eq{/Y E D /X E D}if TY 3 eq{/AB E D}if - /XW AX K get D /YW AY K get D /IS SG IT K get get D /XS XW IS mul D - /YS YW IS mul D YS IC TY get exec /MA MA Fl not{3 add}if D} D -/IM {II /ty TY D /xs XS D /ys YS D /ya YA D /yb YB D /ma MA D /mb MB D /k K D - /ec EC D /BP f D /CI 0 D WB TL L1 xs add dup XO add MR add W gt - {pop /ma ma Fl{3 add}if D NL /YA ma D /YB mb D /YS ys D /L1 xs D} - {/L1 E D ma YA gt{/YA ma D}if mb YB gt{/YB mb D}if}ie /TB f D - OU{CP E pop YS sub LE neg lt Fl not and PB not and{NP /YA ma D /YB mb D}if - /BP f D ty ST cvs ( ) join IX k get 0 lt{(\() join ec join (\) ) join}if - k ST cvs join ty 3 eq{AB ST cvs ( ) join E join}if - ty 4 eq{X ST cvs ( ) join Y ST cvs join ( ) join E join}if C1 E join - ( DI ) join FP 2 eq FP 1 eq AF and or{( FM ) join}if - ( Il Cp ) apa /C1 E D /EN f D}if /HM t D /T f D} D -/DI {II /Xc CP /Yc E D D /YN YW neg D /HM t D /CI 0 D /K2 IX K get D gsave - TY 4 eq{OX X IS mul add OY FY add YS sub Y IS mul sub} - {/FY YS D CP MB sub 2 copy /OY E D /OX E D}ie - translate K2 0 ge{/DP AZ K2 get D /BV BM K2 get D XS YS scale /N 0 D XW YW DP - [XW 0 0 YN 0 YW] {IP} FC K2 get 1 eq{image}{f 3 colorimage}ie} - {EX}ie grestore XS 0 R /Ms t D} D -/FM {gsave 0 Sg CP MB sub translate XS neg 0 M 0 YS RL XS 0 RL 0 YS neg RL - XS neg 0 RL stroke grestore} D -/NA {/AT E D /AL AL 1 add D AV AL AT put} D -/OA {AL 0 gt{/AL AL 1 sub D /AT AV AL get D}if} D -/D1 {/BR {CP E pop E BN Mb{CP E pop eq{0 YI R}if}{pop}ie} D - /Sn {OU{C1 E ST cvs join ( Ld ) join /C1 E D}{pop}ie} D} D -/D1 {/BR {BN} D /Sn {OU {C1 E ST cvs join ( Ld ) join /C1 E D} {pop} ie} D} D -/TC {/TF t D /ML 0 D HN{SW pop dup ML gt{/ML E D}{pop}ie}forall NP /RM RM not D - RC /OU Tc D Ep /PN 0 D Ms not TP and{Ip}if /W IW ML sub Ts sub D - /A0 0 D TH{/BR {( ) join BT} D /Sn {pop} D /Au () D}if} D -/TN {0 eq{E EA PF HF or not XR and{HN E get Xr}{pop}ie} - {OU{Tn 0 ge{() BN}if /Tn E D}{pop}ie WB}ie} D -/NT {OU LB not and Tn 0 ge and{PL 0 eq{Ms not{CS CF FS}if CP dup - /y E YA sub D W 9 sub CS -1.8 mul XO L1 add 2 add{y M (.) show}for - HN Tn get dup SW pop IW E sub y M show CP BB M}if /Tn -1 D}if} D -/Ld {/DN E D HN DN Pn put [/View [/XYZ -4 Fl{PS}{CP YA add US E pop}ie null] - /Dest DN ST cvs cvn /DEST pdfmark} D -/C {ND 1 eq{1 sub}if TI mul /XO E D NL Nf not{pop()}if 0 3 -1 roll 1 A} D -/OP {BP not{NP}if PN 2 mod 0 eq{/Ms t D NP}if}D -/Ep {Xp PN 2 mod 0 eq and OU and{/Pn (-) D showpage /PM 1 D LA}if}D -/Dg [73 86 88 76 67 68 77] D -/Rd [0 [1 1 0][2 1 0][3 1 0][2 1 1][1 1 1][2 2 1][3 3 1][4 4 1][2 1 2]] D -/Ns {/m E D /c E 32 mul D /j m 1000 idiv D /p j 12 add string D - c 96 le m 0 gt and{c 32 le {/i 0 D /d 77 D /l 100 D /m m j 1000 mul sub D - j -1 1 {pop p i d c add put /i i 1 add D}for - 4 -2 0 {/j E D /n m l idiv D /m m n l mul sub D /d Dg j get D - n 0 gt {/x Rd n get D x 0 get -1 1 {pop p i d c add put /i i 1 add D}for - p i x 1 get sub Dg x 2 get j add get c add put}if /l l 10 idiv D - }for p 0 i GI} - {/i ST length 1 sub D m {1 sub dup 0 ge{dup 26 mod c add 1 add - ST i 3 -1 roll put 26 idiv dup 0 eq{pop exit}if}if /i i 1 sub D}loop - 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(31) (32) (34) (36) -(37) (38) (1) (1) (1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (5) (6) (7) (8) (11) (13) (15) -(16) (16) (16) (17) (17) (20) (22) (24) (26) (29) (31) (32) (34) (36) (37) -(38)] D -/h0 [()(Table of Contents)] D -/h1 [(1\240\240)(Preface)] D -/h2 [(1.1\240\240)(About This Document)] D -/h3 [(1.2\240\240)(More Information)] D -/h4 [(2\240\240)(1 Introduction)] D -/h5 [(2.1\240\240)(1.1 Mapping Overview)] D -/h6 [(2.2\240\240)(1.2 Benefits)] D -/h7 [(3\240\240)(2 Hello World Example)] D -/h8 [(3.1\240\240)(2.1 Writing XML Document and Schema)] D -/h9 [(3.2\240\240)(2.2 Translating Schema to C++)] D -/h10 [(3.3\240\240)(2.3 Implementing Application Logic)] D -/h11 [(3.4\240\240)(2.4 Compiling and Running)] D -/h12 [(3.5\240\240)(2.5 Adding Serialization)] D -/h13 [(3.6\240\240)(2.6 Selecting Naming Convention)] D -/h14 [(3.7\240\240)(2.7 Generating Documentation)] D -/h15 [(4\240\240)(3 Overall Mapping Configuration)] D -/h16 [(4.1\240\240)(3.1 Character Type and Encoding)] D -/h17 [(4.2\240\240)(3.2 Support for Polymorphism)] D -/h18 [(4.3\240\240)(3.3 Namespace Mapping)] D -/h19 [(4.4\240\240)(3.4 Thread Safety)] D -/h20 [(5\240\240)(4 Working with Object Models)] D -/h21 [(5.1\240\240)(4.1 Attribute and Element Cardinalities)] D -/h22 [(5.2\240\240)(4.2 Accessing the Object Model)] D -/h23 [(5.3\240\240)(4.3 Modifying the Object Model)] D -/h24 [(5.4\240\240)(4.4 Creating the Object Model from Scratch)] D -/h25 [(5.5\240\240)(4.5 Mapping for the Built-in XML Schema Types)] D -/h26 [(6\240\240)(5 Parsing)] D -/h27 [(6.1\240\240)(5.1 XML Schema Validation and Searching)] D -/h28 [(6.2\240\240)(5.2 Error Handling)] D -/h29 [(7\240\240)(6 Serialization)] D -/h30 [(7.1\240\240)(6.1 Namespace and Schema Information)] D -/h31 [(7.2\240\240)(6.2 Error Handling)] D -/Hr [35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 -57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65]D -/HV [1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2]D -/Cn [2 0 0 2 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0]D -Hr length 0 gt{[/PageMode /UseOutlines /DOCVIEW pdfmark}if -/Hn 1 D -0 1 Hr length 1 sub{ - 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rdesc irow get dup dup 4 get Ya lt - {4 Ya put}{4 get /Ya E D}ie - dup 5 get below lt{5 below put}{5 get /below E D}ie - /thishig Ya below add D - }if - ctype 1 eq{()ES}if - /oldhig 0 D - 0 1 rspan 1 sub{ - irow add rdesc E get 0 get /oldhig E oldhig add D - }for - thishig oldhig ge{ - 0 1 rspan 1 sub{ - irow add rdesc E get dup 0 E 0 get oldhig 0 eq - {pop thishig rspan div}{thishig mul oldhig div}ie - put - }for - }if - }if - }if - }for - }for - }for M RC %ZF - /thight 0 D /racc 0 D /maxh 0 D /brk 0 D /rbeg nhead nfoot add D - 0 1 nrow{ - rdesc E get dup 0 get dup /thight E thight add D - brk 0 eq{/racc E D}{/racc E racc add D}ie - racc maxh gt{/maxh racc D}if 2 get /brk E D - }for - ph 3 ge{thight caphig add E}if - ph 0 eq ph 4 eq or{ - /PH 4 D /LE Le D /OU Ou D /yoff 0 D /headsz 0 D - 0 1 nhead 1 sub{rdesc E get 0 get headsz add /headsz E D}for - /footsz 0 D - 0 1 nfoot 1 sub{rdesc E nhead add get 0 get footsz add /footsz E D}for - /ahig LE BO add MI add D /maxh maxh headsz add footsz add D - 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/mr mr Sf mul D /BO BO Sf mul D /SA f D}if - /EO 0 D - }if - }ie - /W w D /XO xo D /MR mr D /LL ll D /LG lg D /AI ai D /BC bc D /NR nr D /AR ar D - /TR tr D /UI ui D /PH ph D /A0 a0 D /PF pf D /AT at D /AV av D /AL al D - /La la D - /SL SL 1 sub NN D /CF 0 D /FN 0 D SZ SL get FR SL get FS Wf not{()F2}if - PL 2 ge{Ms E restore Ms or /Ms E D PH 1 eq PH 2 eq or - {/LM E D}if PH 3 ge{/CI 0 D NL 0 E neg R}if - }if - /PL PL 1 sub D /CI 0 D /BP f D /PO f D () Bm 21 get Ts mul BE BL %CF CS SF -} D -/printcap{ - capalg 0 ge{ - SA{/W w Sf div D} - {talign 1 eq{/XO xo ll twidth sub 2 div add D}if - talign 2 eq{/XO xo ll twidth sub add D}if - /W XO twidth add D - }ie /XO xo D /LL W XO sub MR sub D - /PA f D /Fl capalg 0 eq D - 1 NA BL caption exec BN OA /PA t D - }if -} D -/getwid{ - /irow1 E D - /irow2 irow1 D - /rwid 0 D - {rdesc irow2 get dup 0 get rwid add /rwid E D 2 get 0 eq - {exit}{/irow2 irow2 1 add D}ie - }loop -} D -/printrow{ - /xoff ll twidth PL 2 ge{Sf div}if sub talign mul 2 div D - 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-/Ba f D /BO 0 D Bs -/UR (/home/boris/work/xsd/xsd/documentation/cxx/tree/guide/index.xhtml) D -/Ti (C++/Tree Mapping Getting Started Guide) D -/Au () D -/Df f D -/ME [] D - -NP RC ZF -()1 Sl()WB 0 Sn( - -)BR()WB 1 Sn( )BR()WB 2 Sn( - - - )0 1 0 H(Preface)WB 35 Sn()WB 3 Sn()EA()EH( - - )0 2 1 H(About)WB 36 Sn()WB 4 Sn( This Docu)HY(ment)YH()EA()EH( - - )0 P(The goal of this docu)HY(ment)YH( is to provide you with an under)HY(stand)HY(ing)YH( of - the C++/Tree program)HY(ming)YH( model and allow you to effi)HY(ciently)YH( eval)HY(u)HY(ate)YH( - XSD against your project's tech)HY(ni)HY(cal)YH( require)HY(ments)YH(. As such, this - docu)HY(ment)YH( is intended for C++ devel)HY(op)HY(ers)YH( and soft)HY(ware)YH( archi)HY(tects)YH( - who are looking for an XML process)HY(ing)YH( solu)HY(tion)YH(. For a more in-depth - descrip)HY(tion)YH( of the C++/Tree mapping refer to the - )R1 2 A(C++/Tree - Mapping User Manual)EA(.)EP( - - )0 P(Prior expe)HY(ri)HY(ence)YH( with XML and C++ is required to under)HY(stand)YH( this - docu)HY(ment)YH(. Basic under)HY(stand)HY(ing)YH( of XML Schema is advan)HY(ta)HY(geous)YH( but - not expected or required. - )EP( - - - )0 2 2 H(More)WB 37 Sn()WB 5 Sn( Infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH()EA()EH( - - )0 P(Beyond this guide, you may also find the follow)HY(ing)YH( sources of - infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( useful:)EP( - - )UL( )-1 LI()R1 2 A(C++/Tree - Mapping User Manual)EA( - - )-1 LI()R2 2 A(C++/Tree - Mapping Customiza)HY(tion)YH( Guide)EA( - - )-1 LI()R3 2 A(C++/Tree - Mapping and Berke)HY(ley)YH( DB XML Inte)HY(gra)HY(tion)YH( Guide)EA( - - )-1 LI()R4 2 A(C++/Tree - Mapping Frequently Asked Ques)HY(tions)YH( \201FAQ\202)EA( - - )-1 LI()R5 2 A(XSD - Compiler Command Line Manual)EA( - - )-1 LI(The )SM(exam)HY(ples)YH(/cxx/tree/)ES( direc)HY(tory)YH( in the XSD - distri)HY(bu)HY(tion)YH( contains a collec)HY(tion)YH( of exam)HY(ples)YH( and a README - file with an overview of each example. - - )-1 LI(The )SM(README)ES( file in the XSD distri)HY(bu)HY(tion)YH( explains - how to compile the exam)HY(ples)YH( on various plat)HY(forms)YH(. - - )-1 LI(The )R6 2 A(xsd-users)EA( - mailing list is the place to ask tech)HY(ni)HY(cal)YH( ques)HY(tions)YH( about XSD and the C++/Parser mapping. - Further)HY(more)YH(, the )R7 2 A(archives)EA( - may already have answers to some of your ques)HY(tions)YH(. - - )LU( - - - - )0 1 3 H(1)WB 38 Sn()WB 6 Sn( Intro)HY(duc)HY(tion)YH()EA()EH( - - )0 P(Welcome to CodeSyn)HY(the)HY(sis)YH( XSD and the C++/Tree mapping. XSD is a - cross-plat)HY(form)YH( W3C XML Schema to C++ data binding compiler. C++/Tree - is a W3C XML Schema to C++ mapping that repre)HY(sents)YH( the data stored - in XML as a stat)HY(i)HY(cally)YH(-typed, vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH(-specific object model. - )EP( - - )0 2 4 H(1.1)WB 39 Sn()WB 7 Sn( Mapping Overview)EA()EH( - - )0 P(Based on a formal descrip)HY(tion)YH( of an XML vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH( \201schema\202, the - C++/Tree mapping produces a tree-like data struc)HY(ture)YH( suit)HY(able)YH( for - in-memory process)HY(ing)YH(. The core of the mapping consists of C++ - classes that consti)HY(tute)YH( the object model and are derived from - types defined in XML Schema as well as XML parsing and - seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( code.)EP( - - )0 P(Besides the core features, C++/Tree provide a number of addi)HY(tional)YH( - mapping elements that can be useful in some appli)HY(ca)HY(tions)YH(. These - include seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( and extrac)HY(tion)YH( to/from formats others than - XML, such as unstruc)HY(tured)YH( text \201useful for debug)HY(ging)YH(\202 and binary - repre)HY(sen)HY(ta)HY(tions)YH( such as XDR and CDR for high-speed data process)HY(ing)YH(, - inte)HY(gra)HY(tion)YH( with XML databases such as Berke)HY(ley)YH( DB XML, and auto)HY(matic)YH( - docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( gener)HY(a)HY(tion)YH(. The C++/Tree mapping also provides a wide - range of mech)HY(a)HY(nisms)YH( for control)HY(ling)YH( and customiz)HY(ing)YH( the gener)HY(ated)YH( - code.)EP( - - )0 P(A typical appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( that uses C++/Tree for XML process)HY(ing)YH( usually - performs the follow)HY(ing)YH( three steps: it first reads \201parses\202 an XML - docu)HY(ment)YH( to an in-memory object model, it then performs some useful - compu)HY(ta)HY(tions)YH( on that object model which may involve modi)HY(fi)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( - of the model, and finally it may write \201seri)HY(al)HY(ize)YH(\202 the modi)HY(fied)YH( - object model back to XML.)EP( - - )0 P(The next chapter presents a simple appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( that performs these - three steps. The follow)HY(ing)YH( chap)HY(ters)YH( show how to use the C++/Tree - mapping in more detail.)EP( - - )0 2 5 H(1.2)WB 40 Sn()WB 8 Sn( Bene)HY(fits)YH()EA()EH( - - )0 P(Tradi)HY(tional)YH( XML access APIs such as Docu)HY(ment)YH( Object Model \201DOM\202 - or Simple API for XML \201SAX\202 have a number of draw)HY(backs)YH( that - make them less suit)HY(able)YH( for creat)HY(ing)YH( robust and main)HY(tain)HY(able)YH( - XML process)HY(ing)YH( appli)HY(ca)HY(tions)YH(. These draw)HY(backs)YH( include: - )EP( - - )UL( )-1 LI(Generic repre)HY(sen)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( of XML in terms of elements, attributes, - and text forces an appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( devel)HY(oper)YH( to write a substan)HY(tial)YH( - amount of bridg)HY(ing)YH( code that iden)HY(ti)HY(fies)YH( and trans)HY(forms)YH( pieces - of infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( encoded in XML to a repre)HY(sen)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( more suit)HY(able)YH( - for consump)HY(tion)YH( by the appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( logic. - - )-1 LI(String-based flow control defers error detec)HY(tion)YH( to runtime. - It also reduces code read)HY(abil)HY(ity)YH( and main)HY(tain)HY(abil)HY(ity)YH(. - - )-1 LI(Lack of type safety because the data is repre)HY(sented)YH( as text. - - )-1 LI(Result)HY(ing)YH( appli)HY(ca)HY(tions)YH( are hard to debug, change, and - main)HY(tain)YH(. - )LU( - - )0 P(In contrast, stat)HY(i)HY(cally)YH(-typed, vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH(-specific object model - produced by the C++/Tree mapping allows you to operate in your - domain terms instead of the generic elements, attributes, and - text. Static typing helps catch errors at compile-time rather - than at run-time. Auto)HY(matic)YH( code gener)HY(a)HY(tion)YH( frees you for more - inter)HY(est)HY(ing)YH( tasks \201such as doing some)HY(thing)YH( useful with the - infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( stored in the XML docu)HY(ments)YH(\202 and mini)HY(mizes)YH( the - effort needed to adapt your appli)HY(ca)HY(tions)YH( to changes in the - docu)HY(ment)YH( struc)HY(ture)YH(. To summa)HY(rize)YH(, the C++/Tree object model has - the follow)HY(ing)YH( key advan)HY(tages)YH( over generic XML access APIs:)EP( - - )UL( )-1 LI()BD(Ease of use.)ES( The gener)HY(ated)YH( code hides all the complex)HY(ity)YH( - asso)HY(ci)HY(ated)YH( with parsing and seri)HY(al)HY(iz)HY(ing)YH( XML. This includes navi)HY(gat)HY(ing)YH( - the struc)HY(ture)YH( and convert)HY(ing)YH( between the text repre)HY(sen)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( and - data types suit)HY(able)YH( for manip)HY(u)HY(la)HY(tion)YH( by the appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( - logic. - - )-1 LI()BD(Natural repre)HY(sen)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH(.)ES( The object repre)HY(sen)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( allows - you to access the XML data using your domain vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH( instead - of generic elements, attributes, and text. - - )-1 LI()BD(Concise code.)ES( With the object repre)HY(sen)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( the - appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( imple)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( is simpler and thus easier - to read and under)HY(stand)YH(. - - )-1 LI()BD(Safety.)ES( The gener)HY(ated)YH( object model is stat)HY(i)HY(cally)YH( - typed and uses func)HY(tions)YH( instead of strings to access the - infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH(. This helps catch program)HY(ming)YH( errors at compile-time - rather than at runtime. - - )-1 LI()BD(Main)HY(tain)HY(abil)HY(ity)YH(.)ES( Auto)HY(matic)YH( code gener)HY(a)HY(tion)YH( mini)HY(mizes)YH( the - effort needed to adapt the appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( to changes in the - docu)HY(ment)YH( struc)HY(ture)YH(. With static typing, the C++ compiler - can pin-point the places in the client code that need to be - changed. - - )-1 LI()BD(Compat)HY(i)HY(bil)HY(ity)YH(.)ES( Sequences of elements are repre)HY(sented)YH( in - the object model as contain)HY(ers)YH( conform)HY(ing)YH( to the stan)HY(dard)YH( C++ - sequence require)HY(ments)YH(. This makes it possi)HY(ble)YH( to use stan)HY(dard)YH( - C++ algo)HY(rithms)YH( on the object repre)HY(sen)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( and frees you from - learn)HY(ing)YH( yet another container inter)HY(face)YH(, as is the case with - DOM. - - )-1 LI()BD(Effi)HY(ciency)YH(.)ES( If the appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( makes repet)HY(i)HY(tive)YH( use - of the data extracted from XML, then the C++/Tree object model - is more effi)HY(cient)YH( because the navi)HY(ga)HY(tion)YH( is performed using - func)HY(tion)YH( calls rather than string compar)HY(isons)YH( and the XML - data is extracted only once. Further)HY(more)YH(, the runtime memory - usage is reduced due to more effi)HY(cient)YH( data storage - \201for instance, storing numeric data as inte)HY(gers)YH( instead of - strings\202 as well as the static knowl)HY(edge)YH( of cardi)HY(nal)HY(ity)YH( - constraints. - )LU( - - - - - - )0 1 6 H(2)WB 41 Sn()WB 9 Sn( Hello World Example)EA()EH( - - )0 P(In this chapter we will examine how to parse, access, modify, and - seri)HY(al)HY(ize)YH( a very simple XML docu)HY(ment)YH( using the XSD-gener)HY(ated)YH( - C++/Tree object model. The code presented in this chapter is - based on the )SM(hello)ES( example which can be found in - the )SM(exam)HY(ples)YH(/cxx/tree/)ES( direc)HY(tory)YH( of the XSD - distri)HY(bu)HY(tion)YH(.)EP( - - )0 2 7 H(2.1)WB 42 Sn()WB 10 Sn( Writing XML Docu)HY(ment)YH( and Schema)EA()EH( - - )0 P(First, we need to get an idea about the struc)HY(ture)YH( - of the XML docu)HY(ments)YH( we are going to process. Our - )SM(hello.xml)ES(, for example, could look like this:)EP( - - ) 10 28 PR(<?xml version="1.0"?> -<hello> - - <greeting>Hello</greeting> - - <name>sun</name> - <name>moon</name> - <name>world</name> - -</hello>)RP( - - )0 P(Then we can write a descrip)HY(tion)YH( of the above XML in the - XML Schema language and save it into )SM(hello.xsd)ES(:)EP( - - ) 13 70 PR(<?xml version="1.0"?> -<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> - - <xs:complexType name="hello_t"> - <xs:sequence> - <xs:element name="greeting" type="xs:string"/> - <xs:element name="name" type="xs:string" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> - </xs:sequence> - </xs:complexType> - - <xs:element name="hello" type="hello_t"/> - -</xs:schema>)RP( - - )0 P(Even if you are not famil)HY(iar)YH( with XML Schema, it - should be easy to connect decla)HY(ra)HY(tions)YH( in )SM(hello.xsd)ES( - to elements in )SM(hello.xml)ES(. The )SM(hello_t)ES( type - is defined as a sequence of the nested )SM(greet)HY(ing)YH()ES( and - )SM(name)ES( elements. Note that the term sequence in XML - Schema means that elements should appear in a partic)HY(u)HY(lar)YH( order - as opposed to appear)HY(ing)YH( multi)HY(ple)YH( times. The )SM(name)ES( - element has its )SM(maxOc)HY(curs)YH()ES( prop)HY(erty)YH( set to - )SM(unbounded)ES( which means it can appear multi)HY(ple)YH( times - in an XML docu)HY(ment)YH(. Finally, the glob)HY(ally)YH(-defined )SM(hello)ES( - element prescribes the root element for our vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH(. For an - easily-approach)HY(able)YH( intro)HY(duc)HY(tion)YH( to XML Schema refer to - )R8 2 A(XML Schema Part 0: - Primer)EA(.)EP( - - )0 P(The above schema is a spec)HY(i)HY(fi)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( of our XML vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH(; it tells - every)HY(body)YH( what valid docu)HY(ments)YH( of our XML-based language should look - like. We can also update our )SM(hello.xml)ES( to include the - infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( about the schema so that XML parsers can vali)HY(date)YH( - our docu)HY(ment)YH(:)EP( - - ) 11 60 PR(<?xml version="1.0"?> -<hello xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" - xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="hello.xsd"> - - <greeting>Hello</greeting> - - <name>sun</name> - <name>moon</name> - <name>world</name> - -</hello>)RP( - - - )0 P(The next step is to compile the schema to gener)HY(ate)YH( the object - model and parsing func)HY(tions)YH(.)EP( - - )0 2 8 H(2.2)WB 43 Sn()WB 11 Sn( Trans)HY(lat)HY(ing)YH( Schema to C++)EA()EH( - - )0 P(Now we are ready to trans)HY(late)YH( our )SM(hello.xsd)ES( to C++. - To do this we invoke the XSD compiler from a termi)HY(nal)YH( \201UNIX\202 or - a command prompt \201Windows\202: - )EP( - - ) 1 24 PR($ xsd cxx-tree hello.xsd)RP( - - )0 P(The XSD compiler produces two C++ files: )SM(hello.hxx)ES( and - )SM(hello.cxx)ES(. The follow)HY(ing)YH( code frag)HY(ment)YH( is taken from - )SM(hello.hxx)ES(; it should give you an idea about what gets - gener)HY(ated)YH(: - )EP( - - ) 45 60 PR(class hello_t -{ -public: - // greeting - // - typedef xml_schema::string greeting_type; - - const greeting_type& - greeting \201\202 const; - - greeting_type& - greeting \201\202; - - void - greeting \201const greeting_type& x\202; - - // name - // - typedef xml_schema::string name_type; - typedef xsd::sequence<name_type> name_sequence; - typedef name_sequence::iterator name_iterator; - typedef name_sequence::const_iterator name_const_iterator; - - const name_sequence& - name \201\202 const; - - name_sequence& - name \201\202; - - void - name \201const name_sequence& s\202;)WR( - - // Constructor. - // - hello_t \201const greeting_type&\202; - - ... - -}; - -std::auto_ptr<hello_t> -hello \201const std::string& uri\202; - -std::auto_ptr<hello_t> -hello \201std::istream&\202;)RP( - - )0 P(The )SM(hello_t)ES( C++ class corre)HY(sponds)YH( to the - )SM(hello_t)ES( XML Schema type. For each element - in this type a set of C++ type defi)HY(ni)HY(tions)YH( as well as - acces)HY(sor)YH( and modi)HY(fier)YH( func)HY(tions)YH( are gener)HY(ated)YH( inside the - )SM(hello_t)ES( class. Note that the type defi)HY(ni)HY(tions)YH( - and member func)HY(tions)YH( for the )SM(greet)HY(ing)YH()ES( and - )SM(name)ES( elements are differ)HY(ent)YH( because of the - cardi)HY(nal)HY(ity)YH( differ)HY(ences)YH( between these two elements - \201)SM(greet)HY(ing)YH()ES( is a required single element and - )SM(name)ES( is a sequence of elements\202.)EP( - - )0 P(The )SM(xml_schema::string)ES( type used in the type - defi)HY(ni)HY(tions)YH( is a C++ class provided by the XSD runtime - that corre)HY(sponds)YH( to built-in XML Schema type - )SM(string)ES(. The )SM(xml_schema::string)ES( - is based on )SM(std::string)ES( and can be used as - such. Simi)HY(larly)YH(, the )SM(sequence)ES( class template - that is used in the )SM(name_sequence)ES( type - defi)HY(ni)HY(tion)YH( is based on and has the same inter)HY(face)YH( as - )SM(std::vector)ES(. The mapping between the built-in - XML Schema types and C++ types is described in more detail in - )0 27 1 A(Section 4.5, "Mapping for the Built-in XML Schema - Types")27 0 TN TL()Ec /AF f D(. The )SM(hello_t)ES( class also includes a - construc)HY(tor)YH( with an initial)HY(izer)YH( for the required - )SM(greet)HY(ing)YH()ES( element as its argu)HY(ment)YH(.)EP( - - )0 P(The )SM(hello)ES( over)HY(loaded)YH( global func)HY(tions)YH( corre)HY(spond)YH( - to the )SM(hello)ES( global element in XML Schema. A - global element in XML Schema is a valid docu)HY(ment)YH( root. - By default XSD gener)HY(ated)YH( a set of parsing func)HY(tions)YH( for each - global element defined in XML Schema \201this can be over)HY(rid)HY(den)YH( - with the )SM(--root-element-*)ES( options\202. For more - infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( on parsing func)HY(tions)YH( see )0 29 1 A(Chapter 5, - "Parsing")29 0 TN TL()Ec /AF f D(.)EP( - - )0 2 9 H(2.3)WB 44 Sn()WB 12 Sn( Imple)HY(ment)HY(ing)YH( Appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( Logic)EA()EH( - - )0 P(At this point we have all the parts we need to do some)HY(thing)YH( useful - with the infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( stored in our XML docu)HY(ment)YH(: - )EP( - - ) 25 62 PR(#include <iostream> -#include "hello.hxx" - -using namespace std; - -int -main \201int argc, char* argv[]\202 -{ - try - { - auto_ptr<hello_t> h \201hello \201argv[1]\202\202; - - for \201hello_t::name_const_iterator i \201h->name \201\202.begin \201\202\202; - i != h->name \201\202.end \201\202; - ++i\202 - { - cerr << h->greeting \201\202 << ", " << *i << "!" << endl; - } - } - catch \201const xml_schema::exception& e\202 - { - cerr << e << endl; - return 1; - } -})RP( - - )0 P(The first part of our appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( calls one of the parsing - func)HY(tions)YH( to parser an XML file spec)HY(i)HY(fied)YH( in the command line. - We then use the returned object model to iterate over names - and print a greet)HY(ing)YH( line for each of them. Finally, we - catch and print the )SM(xml_schema::excep)HY(tion)YH()ES( - excep)HY(tion)YH( in case some)HY(thing)YH( goes wrong. This excep)HY(tion)YH( - is the root of the excep)HY(tion)YH( hier)HY(ar)HY(chy)YH( used by the - XSD-gener)HY(ated)YH( code. - )EP( - - - )0 2 10 H(2.4)WB 45 Sn()WB 13 Sn( Compil)HY(ing)YH( and Running)EA()EH( - - )0 P(After saving our appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( from the previ)HY(ous)YH( section in - )SM(driver.cxx)ES(, we are ready to compile our first - program and run it on the test XML docu)HY(ment)YH(. On a UNIX - system this can be done with the follow)HY(ing)YH( commands: - )EP( - - ) 6 43 PR($ c++ -I.../libxsd -c driver.cxx hello.cxx -$ c++ -o driver driver.o hello.o -lxerces-c -$ ./driver hello.xml -Hello, sun! -Hello, moon! -Hello, world!)RP( - - )0 P(Here )SM(.../libxsd)ES( repre)HY(sents)YH( the path to the - )SM(libxsd)ES( direc)HY(tory)YH( in the XSD distri)HY(bu)HY(tion)YH(. - Note also that we are required to link our appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( - with the Xerces-C++ library because the gener)HY(ated)YH( code - uses it as the under)HY(ly)HY(ing)YH( XML parser.)EP( - - )0 2 11 H(2.5)WB 46 Sn()WB 14 Sn( Adding Seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH()EA()EH( - - )0 P(While parsing and access)HY(ing)YH( the XML data may be every)HY(thing)YH( - you need, there are appli)HY(ca)HY(tions)YH( that require creat)HY(ing)YH( new - or modi)HY(fy)HY(ing)YH( exist)HY(ing)YH( XML docu)HY(ments)YH(. By default XSD does - not produce seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( code. We will need to request - it with the )SM(--gener)HY(ate)YH(-seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH()ES( options:)EP( - - ) 1 49 PR($ xsd cxx-tree --generate-serialization hello.xsd)RP( - - )0 P(If we now examine the gener)HY(ated)YH( )SM(hello.hxx)ES( file, - we will find a set of over)HY(loaded)YH( seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( func)HY(tions)YH(, - includ)HY(ing)YH( the follow)HY(ing)YH( version:)EP( - - ) 5 45 PR(void -hello \201std::ostream&, - const hello_t&, - const xml_schema::namespace_infomap& = - xml_schema::namespace_infomap \201\202\202; -)RP( - - )0 P(Just like with parsing func)HY(tions)YH(, XSD gener)HY(ates)YH( seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( - func)HY(tions)YH( for each global element unless instructed other)HY(wise)YH( - with one of the )SM(--root-element-*)ES( options. For more - infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( on seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( func)HY(tions)YH( see )0 32 1 A(Chapter 6, - "Seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH(")32 0 TN TL()Ec /AF f D(.)EP( - - )0 P(We first examine an appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( that modi)HY(fies)YH( an exist)HY(ing)YH( - object model and seri)HY(al)HY(izes)YH( it back to XML:)EP( - - ) 34 50 PR(#include <iostream> -#include "hello.hxx" - -using namespace std; - -int -main \201int argc, char* argv[]\202 -{ - try - { - auto_ptr<hello_t> h \201hello \201argv[1]\202\202; - - // Change the greeting phrase. - // - h->greeting \201"Hi"\202; - - // Add another entry to the name sequence. - // - h->name \201\202.push_back \201"mars"\202; - - // Serialize the modified object model to XML. - // - xml_schema::namespace_infomap map; - map[""].name = ""; - map[""].schema = "hello.xsd"; - - hello \201cout, *h, map\202; - } - catch \201const xml_schema::exception& e\202 - { - cerr << e << endl;)WR( - return 1; - } -})RP( - - )0 P(First, our appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( parses an XML docu)HY(ment)YH( and obtains its - object model as in the previ)HY(ous)YH( example. Then it changes the - greet)HY(ing)YH( string and adds another entry to the list of names. - Finally, it seri)HY(al)HY(izes)YH( the object model back to XML by calling - the seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( func)HY(tion)YH(.)EP( - - )0 P(The first argu)HY(ment)YH( we pass to the seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( func)HY(tion)YH( is - )SM(cout)ES( which results in the XML being written to - the stan)HY(dard)YH( output for us to inspect. We could have also - written the result to a file or memory buffer by creat)HY(ing)YH( an - instance of )SM(std::ofstream)ES( or )SM(std::ostringstream)ES( - and passing it instead of )SM(cout)ES(. The second argu)HY(ment)YH( is the - object model we want to seri)HY(al)HY(ize)YH(. The final argu)HY(ment)YH( is an optional - names)HY(pace)YH( infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( map for our vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH(. It captures infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( - such as names)HY(paces)YH(, names)HY(pace)YH( prefixes to which they should be mapped, - and schemas asso)HY(ci)HY(ated)YH( with these names)HY(paces)YH(. If we don't provide - this argu)HY(ment)YH( then generic names)HY(pace)YH( prefixes \201)SM(p1)ES(, - )SM(p2)ES(, etc.\202 will be auto)HY(mat)HY(i)HY(cally)YH( assigned to XML names)HY(paces)YH( - and no schema infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( will be added to the result)HY(ing)YH( docu)HY(ment)YH( - \201see )0 32 1 A(Chapter 6, "Seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH(")32 0 TN TL()Ec /AF f D( for details\202. - In our case, the prefix \201map key\202 and names)HY(pace)YH( name are empty - because our vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH( does not use XML names)HY(paces)YH(.)EP( - - )0 P(If we now compile and run this appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( we will see the - output as shown in the follow)HY(ing)YH( listing:)EP( - - ) 12 60 PR(<?xml version="1.0"?> -<hello xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" - xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="hello.xsd"> - - <greeting>Hi</greeting> - - <name>sun</name> - <name>moon</name> - <name>world</name> - <name>mars</name> - -</hello>)RP( - - )0 P(We can also create and seri)HY(al)HY(ize)YH( an object model from scratch - as shown in the follow)HY(ing)YH( example:)EP( - - ) 33 43 PR(#include <iostream> -#include <fstream> -#include "hello.hxx" - -using namespace std; - -int -main \201int argc, char* argv[]\202 -{ - try - { - hello_t h \201"Hi"\202; - - hello_t::name_sequence& ns \201h.name \201\202\202; - - ns.push_back \201"Jane"\202; - ns.push_back \201"John"\202; - - // Serialize the object model to XML. - // - xml_schema::namespace_infomap map; - map[""].name = ""; - map[""].schema = "hello.xsd"; - - std::ofstream ofs \201argv[1]\202; - hello \201ofs, h, map\202; - } - catch \201const xml_schema::exception& e\202 - { - cerr << e << endl; - return 1;)WR( - } -})RP( - - )0 P(In this example we used the gener)HY(ated)YH( construc)HY(tor)YH( to create - an instance of type )SM(hello_t)ES(. To reduce typing, - we obtained a refer)HY(ence)YH( to the name sequence which we then - used to add a few names. The seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( part is iden)HY(ti)HY(cal)YH( - to the previ)HY(ous)YH( example except this time we are writing to - a file. If we compile and run this program, it produces the - follow)HY(ing)YH( XML file:)EP( - - ) 10 60 PR(<?xml version="1.0"?> -<hello xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" - xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="hello.xsd"> - - <greeting>Hi</greeting> - - <name>Jane</name> - <name>John</name> - -</hello>)RP( - - )0 2 12 H(2.6)WB 47 Sn()WB 15 Sn( Select)HY(ing)YH( Naming Conven)HY(tion)YH()EA()EH( - - )0 P(By default XSD uses the so-called K&R \201Kernighan and Ritchie\202 - iden)HY(ti)HY(fier)YH( naming conven)HY(tion)YH( in the gener)HY(ated)YH( code. In this - conven)HY(tion)YH( both type and func)HY(tion)YH( names are in lower case and - words are sepa)HY(rated)YH( by under)HY(scores)YH(. If your appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( code or - schemas use a differ)HY(ent)YH( nota)HY(tion)YH(, you may want to change the - naming conven)HY(tion)YH( used in the gener)HY(ated)YH( code for consis)HY(tency)YH(. - XSD supports a set of widely-used naming conven)HY(tions)YH( - that you can select with the )SM(--type-naming)ES( and - )SM(--func)HY(tion)YH(-naming)ES( options. You can also further - refine one of the prede)HY(fined)YH( conven)HY(tions)YH( or create a completely - custom naming scheme by using the )SM(--*-regex)ES( options.)EP( - - )0 P(As an example, let's assume that our "Hello World" appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( - uses the so-called upper-camel-case naming conven)HY(tion)YH( for types - \201that is, each word in a type name is capi)HY(tal)HY(ized)YH(\202 and the K&R - conven)HY(tion)YH( for func)HY(tion)YH( names. Since K&R is the default - conven)HY(tion)YH( for both type and func)HY(tion)YH( names, we only need to - change the type naming scheme:)EP( - - ) 1 42 PR($ xsd cxx-tree --type-naming ucc hello.xsd)RP( - - )0 P(The )SM(ucc)ES( argu)HY(ment)YH( to the )SM(--type-naming)ES( - options stands for upper-camel-case. If we now examine the - gener)HY(ated)YH( )SM(hello.hxx)ES(, we will see the follow)HY(ing)YH( - changes compared to the decla)HY(ra)HY(tions)YH( shown in the previ)HY(ous)YH( - sections:)EP( - - ) 45 57 PR(class Hello_t -{ -public: - // greeting - // - typedef xml_schema::String GreetingType; - - const GreetingType& - greeting \201\202 const; - - GreetingType& - greeting \201\202; - - void - greeting \201const GreetingType& x\202; - - // name - // - typedef xml_schema::String NameType; - typedef xsd::sequence<NameType> NameSequence; - typedef NameSequence::iterator NameIterator; - typedef NameSequence::const_iterator NameConstIterator; - - const NameSequence& - name \201\202 const; - - NameSequence& - name \201\202; - - void - name \201const NameSequence& s\202;)WR( - - // Constructor. - // - Hello_t \201const GreetingType&\202; - - ... - -}; - -std::auto_ptr<Hello_t> -hello \201const std::string& uri\202; - -std::auto_ptr<Hello_t> -hello \201std::istream&\202;)RP( - - )0 P(Notice that the type names in the )SM(xml_schema)ES( names)HY(pace)YH(, - for example )SM(xml_schema::String)ES(, now also use the - upper-camel-case naming conven)HY(tion)YH(. The only thing that we may - be unhappy about in the above code is the )SM(_t)ES( - suffix in )SM(Hello_t)ES(. If we are not in a posi)HY(tion)YH( - to change the schema, we can )EM(touch-up)ES( the )SM(ucc)ES( - conven)HY(tion)YH( with a custom trans)HY(la)HY(tion)YH( rule using the - )SM(--type-regex)ES( option:)EP( - - ) 1 72 PR($ xsd cxx-tree --type-naming ucc --type-regex '/ \201.+\202_t/\200u$1/' hello.xsd)RP( - - )0 P(This results in the follow)HY(ing)YH( changes to the gener)HY(ated)YH( code:)EP( - - ) 45 57 PR(class Hello -{ -public: - // greeting - // - typedef xml_schema::String GreetingType; - - const GreetingType& - greeting \201\202 const; - - GreetingType& - greeting \201\202; - - void - greeting \201const GreetingType& x\202; - - // name - // - typedef xml_schema::String NameType; - typedef xsd::sequence<NameType> NameSequence; - typedef NameSequence::iterator NameIterator; - typedef NameSequence::const_iterator NameConstIterator; - - const NameSequence& - name \201\202 const; - - NameSequence& - name \201\202; - - void - name \201const NameSequence& s\202;)WR( - - // Constructor. - // - Hello \201const GreetingType&\202; - - ... - -}; - -std::auto_ptr<Hello> -hello \201const std::string& uri\202; - -std::auto_ptr<Hello> -hello \201std::istream&\202;)RP( - - )0 P(For more detailed infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( on the )SM(--type-naming)ES(, - )SM(--func)HY(tion)YH(-naming)ES(, )SM(--type-regex)ES(, and - other )SM(--*-regex)ES( options refer to the NAMING - CONVEN)HY(TION)YH( section in the )R5 2 A(XSD - Compiler Command Line Manual)EA(.)EP( - - )0 2 13 H(2.7)WB 48 Sn()WB 16 Sn( Gener)HY(at)HY(ing)YH( Docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH()EA()EH( - - )0 P(While our object model is quite simple, real-world vocab)HY(u)HY(lar)HY(ies)YH( - can be quite complex with hundreds of types, elements, and - attributes. For such vocab)HY(u)HY(lar)HY(ies)YH( figur)HY(ing)YH( out which types - provide which member func)HY(tions)YH( by study)HY(ing)YH( the gener)HY(ated)YH( - source code or schemas can be a daunt)HY(ing)YH( task. To provide - appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( devel)HY(op)HY(ers)YH( with a more acces)HY(si)HY(ble)YH( way of - under)HY(stand)HY(ing)YH( the gener)HY(ated)YH( object models, the XSD compiler - can be instructed to produce source code with docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( - comments in the Doxygen format. Then the source code can be - processed with the )R9 2 A(Doxygen)EA( - docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( system to extract this infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( and produce - docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( in various formats. - )EP( - - )0 P(In this section we will see how to gener)HY(ate)YH( docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( - for our "Hello World" vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH(. To show)HY(case)YH( the full power - of the XSD docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( facil)HY(i)HY(ties)YH(, we will first docu)HY(ment)YH( - our schema. The XSD compiler will then trans)HY(fer)YH( - this infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( from the schema to the gener)HY(ated)YH( code and - then to the object model docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH(. Note that the - docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( in the schema is not required for XSD to - gener)HY(ate)YH( useful docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH(. Below you will find - our )SM(hello.xsd)ES( with added docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH(:)EP( - - ) 43 69 PR(<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> - - <xs:complexType name="hello_t"> - - <xs:annotation> - <xs:documentation> - The hello_t type consists of a greeting phrase and a - collection of names to which this greeting applies. - </xs:documentation> - </xs:annotation> - - <xs:sequence> - - <xs:element name="greeting" type="xs:string"> - <xs:annotation> - <xs:documentation> - The greeting element contains the greeting phrase - for this hello object. - </xs:documentation> - </xs:annotation> - </xs:element> - - <xs:element name="name" type="xs:string" maxOccurs="unbounded"> - <xs:annotation> - <xs:documentation> - The name elements contains names to be greeted. - </xs:documentation> - </xs:annotation> - </xs:element> - - </xs:sequence>)WR( - </xs:complexType> - - <xs:element name="hello" type="hello_t"> - <xs:annotation> - <xs:documentation> - The hello element is a root of the Hello XML vocabulary. - Every conforming document should start with this element. - </xs:documentation> - </xs:annotation> - </xs:element> - -</xs:schema>)RP( - - )0 P(The first step in obtain)HY(ing)YH( the docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( is to recom)HY(pile)YH( - our schema with the )SM(--gener)HY(ate)YH(-doxygen)ES( option:)EP( - - ) 1 68 PR($ xsd cxx-tree --generate-serialization --generate-doxygen hello.xsd)RP( - - )0 P(Now the gener)HY(ated)YH( )SM(hello.hxx)ES( file contains comments - in the Doxygen format. The next step is to process this file - with the Doxygen docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( system. If your project does - not use Doxygen then you first need to create a config)HY(u)HY(ra)HY(tion)YH( - file for your project:)EP( - - ) 1 26 PR($ doxygen -g hello.doxygen)RP( - - )0 P(You only need to perform this step once. Now we can gener)HY(ate)YH( - the docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( by execut)HY(ing)YH( the follow)HY(ing)YH( command in the - direc)HY(tory)YH( with the gener)HY(ated)YH( source code:)EP( - - ) 1 23 PR($ doxygen hello.doxygen)RP( - - )0 P(While the gener)HY(ated)YH( docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( can be useful as is, we can - go one step further and link \201using the Doxygen tags mech)HY(a)HY(nism)YH(\202 - the docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( for our object model with the docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( - for the XSD runtime library which defines C++ classes for the - built-in XML Schema types. This way we can seam)HY(lessly)YH( browse - between docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( for the )SM(hello_t)ES( class which - is gener)HY(ated)YH( by the XSD compiler and the )SM(xml_schema::string)ES( - class which is defined in the XSD runtime library. The Doxygen - config)HY(u)HY(ra)HY(tion)YH( file for the XSD runtime is provided with the XSD - distri)HY(bu)HY(tion)YH(.)EP( - - )0 P(You can view the result of the steps described in this section - on the )R10 2 A(Hello - Example Docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH()EA( page.)EP( - - - - - )0 1 14 H(3)WB 49 Sn()WB 17 Sn( Overall Mapping Config)HY(u)HY(ra)HY(tion)YH()EA()EH( - - )0 P(The C++/Tree mapping has a number of config)HY(u)HY(ra)HY(tion)YH( param)HY(e)HY(ters)YH( that - deter)HY(mine)YH( the overall prop)HY(er)HY(ties)YH( and behav)HY(ior)YH( of the gener)HY(ated)YH( code. - Config)HY(u)HY(ra)HY(tion)YH( param)HY(e)HY(ters)YH( are spec)HY(i)HY(fied)YH( with the XSD command line - options. This chapter describes config)HY(u)HY(ra)HY(tion)YH( aspects that are most - commonly encoun)HY(tered)YH( by appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( devel)HY(op)HY(ers)YH(. These include: - the char)HY(ac)HY(ter)YH( type that is used by the gener)HY(ated)YH( code, handling of - vocab)HY(u)HY(lar)HY(ies)YH( that use XML Schema poly)HY(mor)HY(phism)YH(, XML Schema to C++ - names)HY(pace)YH( mapping, and thread safety. For more ways to config)HY(ure)YH( - the gener)HY(ated)YH( code refer to the - )R5 2 A(XSD - Compiler Command Line Manual)EA(. - )EP( - - )0 2 15 H(3.1)WB 50 Sn()WB 18 Sn( Char)HY(ac)HY(ter)YH( Type and Encod)HY(ing)YH()EA()EH( - - )0 P(The C++/Tree mapping has built-in support for two char)HY(ac)HY(ter)YH( types: - )SM(char)ES( and )SM(wchar_t)ES(. You can select the - char)HY(ac)HY(ter)YH( type with the )SM(--char-type)ES( command line - option. The default char)HY(ac)HY(ter)YH( type is )SM(char)ES(. The - char)HY(ac)HY(ter)YH( type affects all string and string-based types that - are used in the mapping. These include the string-based built-in - XML Schema types, excep)HY(tion)YH( types, stream types, etc.)EP( - - )0 P(Another aspect of the mapping that depends on the char)HY(ac)HY(ter)YH( type - is char)HY(ac)HY(ter)YH( encod)HY(ing)YH(. For the )SM(char)ES( char)HY(ac)HY(ter)YH( type - the default encod)HY(ing)YH( is UTF-8. Other supported encod)HY(ings)YH( are - ISO-8859-1, Xerces-C++ Local Code Page \201LPC\202, as well as - custom encod)HY(ings)YH(. You can select which encod)HY(ing)YH( should be used - in the object model with the )SM(--char-encod)HY(ing)YH()ES( command - line option.)EP( - - )0 P(For the )SM(wchar_t)ES( char)HY(ac)HY(ter)YH( type the encod)HY(ing)YH( is - auto)HY(mat)HY(i)HY(cally)YH( selected between UTF-16 and UTF-32/UCS-4 depend)HY(ing)YH( - on the size of the )SM(wchar_t)ES( type. On some plat)HY(forms)YH( - \201for example, Windows with Visual C++ and AIX with IBM XL C++\202 - )SM(wchar_t)ES( is 2 bytes long. For these plat)HY(forms)YH( the - encod)HY(ing)YH( is UTF-16. On other plat)HY(forms)YH( )SM(wchar_t)ES( is 4 bytes - long and UTF-32/UCS-4 is used.)EP( - - )0 P(Note also that the char)HY(ac)HY(ter)YH( encod)HY(ing)YH( that is used in the object model - is inde)HY(pen)HY(dent)YH( of the encod)HY(ings)YH( used in input and output XML. In fact, - all three \201object mode, input XML, and output XML\202 can have differ)HY(ent)YH( - encod)HY(ings)YH(.)EP( - - )0 2 16 H(3.2)WB 51 Sn()WB 19 Sn( Support for Poly)HY(mor)HY(phism)YH()EA()EH( - - )0 P(By default XSD gener)HY(ates)YH( non-poly)HY(mor)HY(phic)YH( code. If your vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH( - uses XML Schema poly)HY(mor)HY(phism)YH( in the form of )SM(xsi:type)ES( - and/or substi)HY(tu)HY(tion)YH( groups, then you will need to compile - your schemas with the )SM(--gener)HY(ate)YH(-poly)HY(mor)HY(phic)YH()ES( option - to produce poly)HY(mor)HY(phism)YH(-aware code. For more infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( on - working with poly)HY(mor)HY(phic)YH( object models, refer to - )R11 2 A(Section 2.11, - "Mapping for )SM(xsi:type)ES( and Substi)HY(tu)HY(tion)YH( Groups")EA( in - the C++/Tree Mapping User Manual.)EP( - - )0 2 17 H(3.3)WB 52 Sn()WB 20 Sn( Names)HY(pace)YH( Mapping)EA()EH( - - )0 P(XSD maps XML names)HY(paces)YH( spec)HY(i)HY(fied)YH( in the )SM(target)HY(Names)HY(pace)YH()ES( - attribute in XML Schema to one or more nested C++ names)HY(paces)YH(. By - default, a names)HY(pace)YH( URI is mapped to a sequence of C++ names)HY(pace)YH( - names by remov)HY(ing)YH( the proto)HY(col)YH( and host parts and split)HY(ting)YH( the - rest into a sequence of names with )SM('/')ES( as the name - sepa)HY(ra)HY(tor)YH(.)EP( - - )0 P(The default mapping of names)HY(pace)YH( URIs to C++ names)HY(paces)YH( - can be altered using the )SM(--names)HY(pace)YH(-map)ES( and - )SM(--names)HY(pace)YH(-regex)ES( compiler options. For example, - to map names)HY(pace)YH( URI )SM(http://www.codesyn)HY(the)HY(sis)YH(.com/my)ES( to - C++ names)HY(pace)YH( )SM(cs::my)ES(, we can use the follow)HY(ing)YH( option:)EP( - - ) 1 54 PR(--namespace-map http://www.codesynthesis.com/my=cs::my)RP( - - )0 P(A vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH( without a names)HY(pace)YH( is mapped to the global scope. This - also can be altered with the above options by using an empty name - for the XML names)HY(pace)YH(:)EP( - - ) 1 19 PR(--namespace-map =cs)RP( - - )0 2 18 H(3.4)WB 53 Sn()WB 21 Sn( Thread Safety)EA()EH( - - )0 P(XSD-gener)HY(ated)YH( code is thread-safe in the sense that you can - use differ)HY(ent)YH( instan)HY(ti)HY(a)HY(tions)YH( of the object model in several - threads concur)HY(rently)YH(. This is possi)HY(ble)YH( due to the gener)HY(ated)YH( - code not relying on any writable global vari)HY(ables)YH(. If you need - to share the same object between several threads then you will - need to provide some form of synchro)HY(niza)HY(tion)YH(. One approach would - be to use the gener)HY(ated)YH( code customiza)HY(tion)YH( mech)HY(a)HY(nisms)YH( to embed - synchro)HY(niza)HY(tion)YH( prim)HY(i)HY(tives)YH( into the gener)HY(ated)YH( C++ classes. For more - infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( on gener)HY(ated)YH( code customiza)HY(tion)YH( refer to the - )R2 2 A(C++/Tree - Mapping Customiza)HY(tion)YH( Guide)EA(.)EP( - - )0 P(If you also would like to call parsing and/or seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( - func)HY(tions)YH( from several threads poten)HY(tially)YH( concur)HY(rently)YH(, then - you will need to make sure the Xerces-C++ runtime is initial)HY(ized)YH( - and termi)HY(nated)YH( only once. The easiest way to do this is to - initial)HY(ize)YH(/termi)HY(nate)YH( Xerces-C++ from )SM(main\201\202)ES( when - there are no threads yet/anymore:)EP( - - ) 13 56 PR(#include <xercesc/util/PlatformUtils.hpp> - -int -main \201\202 -{ - xercesc::XMLPlatformUtils::Initialize \201\202; - - { - // Start/terminate threads and parse/serialize here. - } - - xercesc::XMLPlatformUtils::Terminate \201\202; -})RP( - - )0 P(Because you initial)HY(ize)YH( the Xerces-C++ runtime your)HY(self)YH( you should - also pass the )SM(xml_schema::flags::dont_initial)HY(ize)YH()ES( flag - to parsing and seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( func)HY(tions)YH(. See )0 29 1 A(Chapter 5, - "Parsing")29 0 TN TL()Ec /AF f D( and )0 32 1 A(Chapter 6, "Seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH(")32 0 TN TL()Ec /AF f D( for - more infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH(.)EP( - - - - - - )0 1 19 H(4)WB 54 Sn()WB 22 Sn( Working with Object Models)EA()EH( - - )0 P(As we have seen in the previ)HY(ous)YH( chap)HY(ters)YH(, the XSD compiler gener)HY(ates)YH( - a C++ class for each type defined in XML Schema. Together these classes - consti)HY(tute)YH( an object model for an XML vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH(. In this chapter we - will take a closer look at differ)HY(ent)YH( elements that comprise an - object model class as well as how to create, access, and modify - object models.)EP( - - )0 P(In this and subse)HY(quent)YH( chap)HY(ters)YH( we will use the follow)HY(ing)YH( schema - that describes a collec)HY(tion)YH( of person records. We save it in - )SM(people.xsd)ES(:)EP( - - ) 30 71 PR(<?xml version="1.0"?> -<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> - - <xs:simpleType name="gender_t"> - <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> - <xs:enumeration value="male"/> - <xs:enumeration value="female"/> - </xs:restriction> - </xs:simpleType> - - <xs:complexType name="person_t"> - <xs:sequence> - <xs:element name="first-name" type="xs:string"/> - <xs:element name="middle-name" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0"/> - <xs:element name="last-name" type="xs:string"/> - <xs:element name="gender" type="gender_t"/> - <xs:element name="age" type="xs:short"/> - </xs:sequence> - <xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:unsignedInt" use="required"/> - </xs:complexType> - - <xs:complexType name="people_t"> - <xs:sequence> - <xs:element name="person" type="person_t" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> - </xs:sequence> - </xs:complexType> - - <xs:element name="people" type="people_t"/> - -</xs:schema>)RP( - - )0 P(A sample XML instance to go along with this schema is saved - in )SM(people.xml)ES(:)EP( - - ) 20 61 PR(<?xml version="1.0"?> -<people xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" - xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="people.xsd"> - - <person id="1"> - <first-name>John</first-name> - <last-name>Doe</last-name> - <gender>male</gender> - <age>32</age> - </person> - - <person id="2"> - <first-name>Jane</first-name> - <middle-name>Mary</middle-name> - <last-name>Doe</last-name> - <gender>female</gender> - <age>28</age> - </person> - -</people>)RP( - - )0 P(Compil)HY(ing)YH( )SM(people.xsd)ES( with the XSD compiler results - in three gener)HY(ated)YH( C++ classes: )SM(gender_t)ES(, - )SM(person_t)ES(, and )SM(people_t)ES(. - The )SM(gender_t)ES( class is modelled after the C++ - )SM(enum)ES( type. Its defi)HY(ni)HY(tion)YH( is presented below:)EP( - - ) 17 41 PR(class gender_t: public xml_schema::string -{ -public: - enum value - { - male, - female - }; - - gender_t \201value\202; - gender_t \201const xml_schema::string&\202; - - gender_t& - operator= \201value\202; - - operator value \201\202 const; -};)RP( - - )0 P(The follow)HY(ing)YH( listing shows how we can use this type:)EP( - - ) 19 41 PR(gender_t m \201gender_t::male\202; -gender_t f \201"female"\202; - -if \201m == "female" || f == gender_t::male\202 -{ - ... -} - -switch \201m\202 -{ -case gender_t::male: - { - ... - } -case gender_t::female: - { - ... - } -})RP( - - )0 P(The other two classes will be exam)HY(ined)YH( in detail in the subse)HY(quent)YH( - sections.)EP( - - )0 2 20 H(4.1)WB 55 Sn()WB 23 Sn( Attribute and Element Cardi)HY(nal)HY(i)HY(ties)YH()EA()EH( - - )0 P(As we have seen in the previ)HY(ous)YH( chap)HY(ters)YH(, XSD gener)HY(ates)YH( a differ)HY(ent)YH( - set of type defi)HY(ni)HY(tions)YH( and member func)HY(tions)YH( for elements with - differ)HY(ent)YH( cardi)HY(nal)HY(i)HY(ties)YH(. The C++/Tree mapping divides all the possi)HY(ble)YH( - element and attribute cardi)HY(nal)HY(i)HY(ties)YH( into three cardi)HY(nal)HY(ity)YH( classes: - )EM(one)ES(, )EM(optional)ES(, and )EM(sequence)ES(.)EP( - - )0 P(The )EM(one)ES( cardi)HY(nal)HY(ity)YH( class covers all elements that should - occur exactly once as well as required attributes. In our - example, the )SM(first-name)ES(, )SM(last-name)ES(, - )SM(gender)ES(, and )SM(age)ES( elements as well as - the )SM(id)ES( attribute belong to this cardi)HY(nal)HY(ity)YH( class. - The follow)HY(ing)YH( code frag)HY(ment)YH( shows type defi)HY(ni)HY(tions)YH( as well as the - acces)HY(sor)YH( and modi)HY(fier)YH( func)HY(tions)YH( that are gener)HY(ated)YH( for the - )SM(gender)ES( element in the )SM(person_t)ES( class:)EP( - - ) 15 31 PR(class person_t -{ - // gender - // - typedef gender_t gender_type; - - const gender_type& - gender \201\202 const; - - gender_type& - gender \201\202; - - void - gender \201const gender_type&\202; -};)RP( - - )0 P(The )SM(gender_type)ES( type is an alias for the element's type. - The first two acces)HY(sor)YH( func)HY(tions)YH( return read-only \201constant\202 and - read-write refer)HY(ences)YH( to the element's value, respec)HY(tively)YH(. The - modi)HY(fier)YH( func)HY(tion)YH( sets the new value for the element.)EP( - - )0 P(The )EM(optional)ES( cardi)HY(nal)HY(ity)YH( class covers all elements that - can occur zero or one time as well as optional attributes. In our - example, the )SM(middle-name)ES( element belongs to this - cardi)HY(nal)HY(ity)YH( class. The follow)HY(ing)YH( code frag)HY(ment)YH( shows the type - defi)HY(ni)HY(tions)YH( as well as the acces)HY(sor)YH( and modi)HY(fier)YH( func)HY(tions)YH( that - are gener)HY(ated)YH( for this element in the )SM(person_t)ES( class:)EP( - - ) 19 63 PR(class person_t -{ - // middle-name - // - typedef xml_schema::string middle_name_type; - typedef xsd::optional<middle_name_type> middle_name_optional; - - const middle_name_optional& - middle_name \201\202 const; - - middle_name_optional& - middle_name \201\202; - - void - middle_name \201const middle_name_type&\202; - - void - middle_name \201const middle_name_optional&\202; -};)RP( - - )0 P(As with the )SM(gender)ES( element, )SM(middle_name_type)ES( - is an alias for the element's type. The )SM(middle_name_optional)ES( - type is a container for the element's optional value. It can be queried - for the pres)HY(ence)YH( of the value using the )SM(present\201\202)ES( func)HY(tion)YH(. - The value itself can be retrieved using the )SM(get\201\202)ES( - acces)HY(sor)YH( and set using the )SM(set\201\202)ES( modi)HY(fier)YH(. The container - can be reverted to the value not present state with the call to the - )SM(reset\201\202)ES( func)HY(tion)YH(. The follow)HY(ing)YH( example shows how we - can use this container:)EP( - - ) 9 42 PR(person_t::middle_name_optional n \201"John"\202; - -if \201n.preset \201\202\202 -{ - cout << n.get \201\202 << endl; -} - -n.set \201"Jane"\202; -n.reset \201\202;)RP( - - - )0 P(Unlike the )EM(one)ES( cardi)HY(nal)HY(ity)YH( class, the acces)HY(sor)YH( func)HY(tions)YH( - for the )EM(optional)ES( class return read-only \201constant\202 and - read-write refer)HY(ences)YH( to the container instead of the element's - value directly. The modi)HY(fier)YH( func)HY(tions)YH( set the new value for the - element.)EP( - - )0 P(Finally, the )EM(sequence)ES( cardi)HY(nal)HY(ity)YH( class covers all elements - that can occur more than once. In our example, the - )SM(person)ES( element in the )SM(people_t)ES( type - belongs to this cardi)HY(nal)HY(ity)YH( class. The follow)HY(ing)YH( code frag)HY(ment)YH( shows - the type defi)HY(ni)HY(tions)YH( as well as the acces)HY(sor)YH( and modi)HY(fier)YH( func)HY(tions)YH( - that are gener)HY(ated)YH( for this element in the )SM(people_t)ES( - class:)EP( - - ) 18 64 PR(class people_t -{ - // person - // - typedef person_t person_type; - typedef xsd::sequence<person_type> person_sequence; - typedef person_sequence::iterator person_iterator; - typedef person_sequence::const_iterator person_const_iterator; - - const person_sequence& - person \201\202 const; - - person_sequence& - person \201\202; - - void - person \201const person_sequence&\202; -};)RP( - - )0 P(Iden)HY(ti)HY(cal)YH( to the other cardi)HY(nal)HY(ity)YH( classes, )SM(person_type)ES( - is an alias for the element's type. The )SM(person_sequence)ES( - type is a sequence container for the element's values. It is based - on and has the same inter)HY(face)YH( as )SM(std::vector)ES( and - there)HY(fore)YH( can be used in similar ways. The )SM(person_iter)HY(a)HY(tor)YH()ES( - and )SM(person_const_iter)HY(a)HY(tor)YH()ES( types are read-only - \201constant\202 and read-write iter)HY(a)HY(tors)YH( for the )SM(person_sequence)ES( - container.)EP( - - )0 P(Similar to the )EM(optional)ES( cardi)HY(nal)HY(ity)YH( class, the - acces)HY(sor)YH( func)HY(tions)YH( for the )EM(sequence)ES( class return - read-only \201constant\202 and read-write refer)HY(ences)YH( to the sequence - container. The modi)HY(fier)YH( func)HY(tions)YH( copies the entries from - the passed sequence.)EP( - - )0 P(For complex schemas with many levels of nested compos)HY(i)HY(tors)YH( - \201)SM(xs:choice)ES( and )SM(xs:sequence)ES(\202 it can - be hard to deduce the cardi)HY(nal)HY(ity)YH( class of a partic)HY(u)HY(lar)YH( element. - The gener)HY(ated)YH( Doxygen docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( can greatly help with - this task. For each element and attribute the docu)HY(men)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( - clearly iden)HY(ti)HY(fies)YH( its cardi)HY(nal)HY(ity)YH( class. Alter)HY(na)HY(tively)YH(, you - can study the gener)HY(ated)YH( header files to find out the cardi)HY(nal)HY(ity)YH( - class of a partic)HY(u)HY(lar)YH( attribute or element. In the next sections - we will examine how to access and modify infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( stored in - an object model using acces)HY(sor)YH( and modi)HY(fier)YH( func)HY(tions)YH( described - in this section.)EP( - - - )0 2 21 H(4.2)WB 56 Sn()WB 24 Sn( Access)HY(ing)YH( the Object Model)EA()EH( - - )0 P(In this section we will learn how to get to the infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( - stored in the object model for our person records vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH(. - The follow)HY(ing)YH( appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( accesses and prints the contents - of the )SM(people.xml)ES( file:)EP( - - ) 36 70 PR(#include <iostream> -#include "people.hxx" - -using namespace std; - -int -main \201\202 -{ - auto_ptr<people_t> ppl \201people \201"people.xml"\202\202; - - // Iterate over individual person records. - // - people_t::person_sequence& ps \201ppl->person \201\202\202; - - for \201people_t::person_iterator i \201ps.begin \201\202\202; i != ps.end \201\202; ++i\202 - { - person_t& p \201*i\202; - - // Print names: first-name and last-name are required elements, - // middle-name is optional. - // - cout << "name: " << p.first_name \201\202 << " "; - - if \201p.middle_name \201\202.present \201\202\202 - cout << p.middle_name \201\202.get \201\202 << " "; - - cout << p.last_name \201\202 << endl; - - // Print gender, age, and id which are all required. - // - cout << "gender: " << p.gender \201\202 << endl)WR( - << "age: " << p.age \201\202 << endl - << "id: " << p.id \201\202 << endl - << endl; - } -})RP( - - )0 P(This code shows common patterns of access)HY(ing)YH( elements and attributes - with differ)HY(ent)YH( cardi)HY(nal)HY(ity)YH( classes. For the sequence element - \201)SM(person)ES( in )SM(people_t)ES(\202 we first obtain a - refer)HY(ence)YH( to the container and then iterate over indi)HY(vid)HY(ual)YH( - records. The values of elements and attributes with the - )EM(one)ES( cardi)HY(nal)HY(ity)YH( class \201)SM(first-name)ES(, - )SM(last-name)ES(, )SM(gender)ES(, )SM(age)ES(, - and )SM(id)ES(\202 can be obtained directly by calling the - corre)HY(spond)HY(ing)YH( acces)HY(sor)YH( func)HY(tions)YH(. For the optional element - )SM(middle-name)ES( we first check if the value is present - and only then call )SM(get\201\202)ES( to retrieve it.)EP( - - )0 P(Note that when we want to reduce typing by creat)HY(ing)YH( a vari)HY(able)YH( - repre)HY(sent)HY(ing)YH( a frag)HY(ment)YH( of the object model that we are currently - working with \201)SM(ps)ES( and )SM(p)ES( above\202, we obtain - a refer)HY(ence)YH( to that frag)HY(ment)YH( instead of making a poten)HY(tially)YH( - expen)HY(sive)YH( copy. This is gener)HY(ally)YH( a good rule to follow when - creat)HY(ing)YH( high-perfor)HY(mance)YH( appli)HY(ca)HY(tions)YH(.)EP( - - )0 P(If we run the above appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( on our sample - )SM(people.xml)ES(, the output looks as follows:)EP( - - ) 9 21 PR(name: John Doe -gender: male -age: 32 -id: 1 - -name: Jane Mary Doe -gender: female -age: 28 -id: 2)RP( - - - )0 2 22 H(4.3)WB 57 Sn()WB 25 Sn( Modi)HY(fy)HY(ing)YH( the Object Model)EA()EH( - - )0 P(In this section we will learn how to modify the infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( - stored in the object model for our person records vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH(. - The follow)HY(ing)YH( appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( changes the contents of the - )SM(people.xml)ES( file:)EP( - - ) 43 70 PR(#include <iostream> -#include "people.hxx" - -using namespace std; - -int -main \201\202 -{ - auto_ptr<people_t> ppl \201people \201"people.xml"\202\202; - - // Iterate over individual person records and increment - // the age. - // - people_t::person_sequence& ps \201ppl->person \201\202\202; - - for \201people_t::person_iterator i \201ps.begin \201\202\202; i != ps.end \201\202; ++i\202 - { - // Alternative way: i->age \201\202++; - // - i->age \201i->age \201\202 + 1\202; - } - - // Add middle-name to the first record and remove it from - // the second. - // - person_t& john \201ps[0]\202; - person_t& jane \201ps[1]\202; - - john.middle_name \201"Mary"\202; - jane.middle_name \201\202.reset \201\202; -)WR( - // Add another John record. - // - ps.push_back \201john\202; - - // Serialize the modified object model to XML. - // - xml_schema::namespace_infomap map; - map[""].name = ""; - map[""].schema = "people.xsd"; - - people \201cout, *ppl, map\202; -})RP( - - )0 P(The first modi)HY(fi)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( the above appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( performs is iter)HY(at)HY(ing)YH( - over person records and incre)HY(ment)HY(ing)YH( the age value. This code - frag)HY(ment)YH( shows how to modify the value of a required attribute - or element. The next modi)HY(fi)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( shows how to set a new value - for the optional )SM(middle-name)ES( element as well - as clear its value. Finally the example adds a copy of the - John Doe record to the )SM(person)ES( element sequence.)EP( - - )0 P(Note that in this case using refer)HY(ences)YH( for the )SM(ps)ES(, - )SM(john)ES(, and )SM(jane)ES( vari)HY(ables)YH( is no longer - a perfor)HY(mance)YH( improve)HY(ment)YH( but a require)HY(ment)YH( for the appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( - to func)HY(tion)YH( correctly. If we hadn't used refer)HY(ences)YH(, all our changes - would have been made on copies without affect)HY(ing)YH( the object model.)EP( - - )0 P(If we run the above appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( on our sample )SM(people.xml)ES(, - the output looks as follows:)EP( - - ) 28 61 PR(<?xml version="1.0"?> -<people xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" - xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="people.xsd"> - - <person id="1"> - <first-name>John</first-name> - <middle-name>Mary</middle-name> - <last-name>Doe</last-name> - <gender>male</gender> - <age>33</age> - </person> - - <person id="2"> - <first-name>Jane</first-name> - <last-name>Doe</last-name> - <gender>female</gender> - <age>29</age> - </person> - - <person id="1"> - <first-name>John</first-name> - <middle-name>Mary</middle-name> - <last-name>Doe</last-name> - <gender>male</gender> - <age>33</age> - </person> - -</people>)RP( - - - )0 2 23 H(4.4)WB 58 Sn()WB 26 Sn( Creat)HY(ing)YH( the Object Model from Scratch)EA()EH( - - )0 P(In this section we will learn how to create a new object model - for our person records vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH(. The follow)HY(ing)YH( appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( - recre)HY(ates)YH( the content of the orig)HY(i)HY(nal)YH( )SM(people.xml)ES( - file:)EP( - - ) 42 48 PR(#include <iostream> -#include "people.hxx" - -using namespace std; - -int -main \201\202 -{ - people_t ppl; - people_t::person_sequence& ps \201ppl.person \201\202\202; - - // Add the John Doe record. - // - ps.push_back \201 - person_t \201"John", // first-name - "Doe", // last-name - gender_t::male, // gender - 32, // age - 1\202\202; - - // Add the Jane Doe record. - // - ps.push_back \201 - person_t \201"Jane", // first-name - "Doe", // last-name - gender_t::female, // gender - 28, // age - 2\202\202; // id - - // Add middle name to the Jane Doe record. - //)WR( - person_t& jane \201ps.back \201\202\202; - jane.middle_name \201"Mary"\202; - - // Serialize the object model to XML. - // - xml_schema::namespace_infomap map; - map[""].name = ""; - map[""].schema = "people.xsd"; - - people \201cout, ppl, map\202; -})RP( - - )0 P(The only new part in the above appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( is the calls - to the )SM(people_t)ES( and )SM(person_t)ES( - construc)HY(tors)YH(. As a general rule, for each C++ class - XSD gener)HY(ates)YH( a construc)HY(tor)YH( with initial)HY(iz)HY(ers)YH( - for each element and attribute belong)HY(ing)YH( to the )EM(one)ES( - cardi)HY(nal)HY(ity)YH( class. For our vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH(, the follow)HY(ing)YH( - construc)HY(tors)YH( are gener)HY(ated)YH(:)EP( - - ) 13 35 PR(class person_t -{ - person_t \201const first_name_type&, - const last_name_type&, - const gender_type&, - const age_type&, - const id_type&\202; -}; - -class people_t -{ - people_t \201\202; -};)RP( - - )0 P(Note also that we set the )SM(middle-name)ES( element - on the Jane Doe record by obtain)HY(ing)YH( a refer)HY(ence)YH( to that record - in the object model and setting the )SM(middle-name)ES( - value on it. This is a general rule that should be followed - in order to obtain the best perfor)HY(mance)YH(: if possi)HY(ble)YH(, - direct modi)HY(fi)HY(ca)HY(tions)YH( to the object model should be preferred - to modi)HY(fi)HY(ca)HY(tions)YH( on tempo)HY(raries)YH( with subse)HY(quent)YH( copying. The - follow)HY(ing)YH( code frag)HY(ment)YH( shows a seman)HY(ti)HY(cally)YH( equiv)HY(a)HY(lent)YH( but - slightly slower version:)EP( - - ) 11 46 PR(// Add the Jane Doe record. -// -person_t jane \201"Jane", // first-name - "Doe", // last-name - gender_t::female, // gender - 28, // age - 2\202; // id - -jane.middle_name \201"Mary"\202; - -ps.push_back \201jane\202;)RP( - - )0 P(We can also go one step further to reduce copying and improve - the perfor)HY(mance)YH( of our appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( by using the non-copying - )SM(push_back\201\202)ES( func)HY(tion)YH( which assumes owner)HY(ship)YH( - of the passed objects:)EP( - - ) 19 47 PR(// Add the John Doe record. -// -auto_ptr<person_t> john_p \201 - new person_t \201"John", // first-name - "Doe", // last-name - gender_t::male, // gender - 32, // age - 1\202\202; -ps.push_back \201john_p\202; // assumes ownership - -// Add the Jane Doe record. -// -auto_ptr<person_t> jane_p \201 - new person_t \201"Jane", // first-name - "Doe", // last-name - gender_t::female, // gender - 28, // age - 2\202\202; // id -ps.push_back \201jane_p\202; // assumes ownership)RP( - - )0 P(For more infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( on the non-copying modi)HY(fier)YH( func)HY(tions)YH( refer to - )R12 2 A(Section - 2.8, "Mapping for Local Elements and Attributes")EA( in the C++/Tree Mapping - User Manual. The above appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( produces the follow)HY(ing)YH( output:)EP( - - ) 20 61 PR(<?xml version="1.0" ?> -<people xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" - xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="people.xsd"> - - <person id="1"> - <first-name>John</first-name> - <last-name>Doe</last-name> - <gender>male</gender> - <age>32</age> - </person> - - <person id="2"> - <first-name>Jane</first-name> - <middle-name>Mary</middle-name> - <last-name>Doe</last-name> - <gender>female</gender> - <age>28</age> - </person> - -</people>)RP( - - )0 2 24 H(4.5)WB 59 Sn()WB 27 Sn( Mapping for the Built-in XML Schema Types)EA()EH( - - )0 P(Our person record vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH( uses several built-in XML Schema - types: )SM(string)ES(, )SM(short)ES(, and - )SM(unsignedInt)ES(. Until now we haven't talked about - the mapping of built-in XML Schema types to C++ types and how - to work with them. This section provides an overview - of the built-in types. For more detailed infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( refer - to )R13 2 A(Section - 2.5, "Mapping for Built-in Data Types")EA( in the C++/Tree Mapping - User Manual.)EP( - - )0 P(In XML Schema, built-in types are defined in the XML Schema names)HY(pace)YH(. - By default, the C++/Tree mapping maps this names)HY(pace)YH( to C++ - names)HY(pace)YH( )SM(xml_schema)ES( \201this mapping can be altered - with the )SM(--names)HY(pace)YH(-map)ES( option\202. The follow)HY(ing)YH( table - summa)HY(rizes)YH( the mapping of XML Schema built-in types to C++ types:)EP( - - - )0 PT( - - )0 P(As you can see from the table above a number of built-in - XML Schema types are mapped to funda)HY(men)HY(tal)YH( C++ types such - as )SM(int)ES( or )SM(bool)ES(. All string-based - XML Schema types are mapped to C++ types that are derived - from either )SM(std::string)ES( or - )SM(std::wstring)ES(, depend)HY(ing)YH( on the char)HY(ac)HY(ter)YH( - type selected. For access and modi)HY(fi)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( purposes these - types can be treated as )SM(std::string)ES(. A number - of built-in types, such as )SM(qname)ES(, the binary - types, and the date/time types do not have suit)HY(able)YH( - funda)HY(men)HY(tal)YH( or stan)HY(dard)YH( C++ types to map to. As a result, - these types are imple)HY(mented)YH( from scratch in the XSD runtime. - For more infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( on their inter)HY(faces)YH( refer to - )R13 2 A(Section - 2.5, "Mapping for Built-in Data Types")EA( in the C++/Tree Mapping - User Manual.)EP( - - - - - - )0 1 25 H(5)WB 60 Sn()WB 29 Sn( Parsing)EA()EH( - - )0 P(We have already seen how to parse XML to an object model in this guide - before. In this chapter we will discuss the parsing topic in more - detail.)EP( - - )0 P(By default, the C++/Tree mapping provides a total of 14 over)HY(loaded)YH( - parsing func)HY(tions)YH(. They differ in the input methods used to - read XML as well as the error report)HY(ing)YH( mech)HY(a)HY(nisms)YH(. It is also possi)HY(ble)YH( - to gener)HY(ate)YH( types for root elements instead of parsing and seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( - func)HY(tions)YH(. This may be useful if your XML vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH( has multi)HY(ple)YH( - root elements. For more infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( on element types refer to - )R14 2 A(Section - 2.9, "Mapping for Global Elements")EA( in the C++/Tree Mapping User - Manual.)EP( - - - )0 P(In this section we will discuss the most commonly used versions of - the parsing func)HY(tions)YH(. For a compre)HY(hen)HY(sive)YH( descrip)HY(tion)YH( of parsing - refer to )R15 2 A(Chapter - 3, "Parsing")EA( in the C++/Tree Mapping User Manual. For the )SM(people)ES( - global element from our person record vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH(, we will concen)HY(trate)YH( - on the follow)HY(ing)YH( three parsing func)HY(tions)YH(:)EP( - - ) 15 71 PR(std::auto_ptr<people_t> -people \201const std::string& uri, - xml_schema::flags f = 0, - const xml_schema::properties& p = xml_schema::properties \201\202\202; - -std::auto_ptr<people_t> -people \201std::istream& is, - xml_schema::flags f = 0, - const xml_schema::properties& p = xml_schema::properties \201\202\202; - -std::auto_ptr<people_t> -people \201std::istream& is, - const std::string& resource_id, - xml_schema::flags f = 0, - const xml_schema::properties& p = ::xml_schema::properties \201\202\202;)RP( - - )0 P(The first func)HY(tion)YH( parses a local file or a URI. We have already - used this parsing func)HY(tion)YH( in the previ)HY(ous)YH( chap)HY(ters)YH(. The second - and third func)HY(tions)YH( read XML from a stan)HY(dard)YH( input stream. The - last func)HY(tion)YH( also requires a resource id. This id is used to - iden)HY(tify)YH( the XML docu)HY(ment)YH( being parser in diag)HY(nos)HY(tics)YH( messages - as well as to resolve rela)HY(tive)YH( paths to other docu)HY(ments)YH( \201for example, - schemas\202 that might be refer)HY(enced)YH( from the XML docu)HY(ment)YH(.)EP( - - )0 P(The last two argu)HY(ments)YH( to all three parsing func)HY(tions)YH( are parsing - flags and prop)HY(er)HY(ties)YH(. The flags argu)HY(ment)YH( provides a number of ways - to fine-tune the parsing process. The prop)HY(er)HY(ties)YH( argu)HY(ment)YH( allows - to pass addi)HY(tional)YH( infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( to the parsing func)HY(tions)YH(. We will - use these two argu)HY(ments)YH( in )0 30 1 A(Section 5.1, "XML Schema - Vali)HY(da)HY(tion)YH( and Search)HY(ing)YH(")30 0 TN TL()Ec /AF f D( below. The follow)HY(ing)YH( example shows - how we can use the above parsing func)HY(tions)YH(:)EP( - - ) 17 65 PR(using std::auto_ptr; - -// Parse a local file or URI. -// -auto_ptr<people_t> p1 \201people \201"people.xml"\202\202; -auto_ptr<people_t> p2 \201people \201"http://example.com/people.xml"\202\202; - -// Parse a local file via ifstream. -// -std::ifstream ifs \201"people.xml"\202; -auto_ptr<people_t> p3 \201people \201ifs, "people.xml"\202\202; - -// Parse an XML string. -// -std::string str \201"..."\202; // XML in a string. -std::istringstream iss \201str\202; -auto_ptr<people_t> p4 \201people \201iss\202\202;)RP( - - - )0 2 26 H(5.1)WB 61 Sn()WB 30 Sn( XML Schema Vali)HY(da)HY(tion)YH( and Search)HY(ing)YH()EA()EH( - - )0 P(The C++/Tree mapping relies on the under)HY(ly)HY(ing)YH( Xerces-C++ XML - parser for full XML docu)HY(ment)YH( vali)HY(da)HY(tion)YH(. The XML Schema - vali)HY(da)HY(tion)YH( is enabled by default and can be disabled by - passing the )SM(xml_schema::flags::dont_vali)HY(date)YH()ES( - flag to the parsing func)HY(tions)YH(, for example:)EP( - - ) 2 59 PR(auto_ptr<people_t> p \201 - people \201"people.xml", xml_schema::flags::dont_validate\202\202;)RP( - - )0 P(Even when XML Schema vali)HY(da)HY(tion)YH( is disabled, the gener)HY(ated)YH( - code still performs a number of checks to prevent - construc)HY(tion)YH( of an incon)HY(sis)HY(tent)YH( object model \201for example, an - object model with missing required attributes or elements\202.)EP( - - )0 P(When XML Schema vali)HY(da)HY(tion)YH( is enabled, the XML parser needs - to locate a schema to vali)HY(date)YH( against. There are several - methods to provide the schema loca)HY(tion)YH( infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( to the - parser. The easiest and most commonly used method is to - specify schema loca)HY(tions)YH( in the XML docu)HY(ment)YH( itself - with the )SM(schemaLo)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH()ES( or - )SM(noNames)HY(paceSchemaLo)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH()ES( attributes, for example:)EP( - - ) 4 74 PR(<?xml version="1.0" ?> -<people xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" - xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="people.xsd" - xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace xml.xsd">)RP( - - )0 P(As you might have noticed, we used this method in all the sample XML - docu)HY(ments)YH( presented in this guide up until now. Note that the - schema loca)HY(tions)YH( spec)HY(i)HY(fied)YH( with these two attributes are rela)HY(tive)YH( - to the docu)HY(ment)YH('s path unless they are abso)HY(lute)YH( URIs \201that is - start with )SM(http://)ES(, )SM(file://)ES(, etc.\202. - In partic)HY(u)HY(lar)YH(, if you specify just file names as your schema - loca)HY(tions)YH(, as we did above, then the schemas should reside in - the same direc)HY(tory)YH( as the XML docu)HY(ment)YH( itself.)EP( - - )0 P(Another method of provid)HY(ing)YH( the schema loca)HY(tion)YH( infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( - is via the )SM(xml_schema::prop)HY(er)HY(ties)YH()ES( argu)HY(ment)YH(, as - shown in the follow)HY(ing)YH( example:)EP( - - ) 5 74 PR(xml_schema::properties props; -props.no_namespace_schema_location \201"people.xsd"\202; -props.schema_location \201"http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace", "xml.xsd"\202; - -auto_ptr<people_t> p \201people \201"people.xml", 0, props\202\202;)RP( - - )0 P(The schema loca)HY(tions)YH( provided with this method over)HY(rides)YH( - those spec)HY(i)HY(fied)YH( in the XML docu)HY(ment)YH(. As with the previ)HY(ous)YH( - method, the schema loca)HY(tions)YH( spec)HY(i)HY(fied)YH( this way are - rela)HY(tive)YH( to the docu)HY(ment)YH('s path unless they are abso)HY(lute)YH( URIs. - In partic)HY(u)HY(lar)YH(, if you want to use local schemas that are - not related to the docu)HY(ment)YH( being parsed, then you will - need to use the )SM(file://)ES( URI. The follow)HY(ing)YH( - example shows how to use schemas that reside in the current - working direc)HY(tory)YH(:)EP( - - ) 19 55 PR(#include <unistd.h> // getcwd -#include <limits.h> // PATH_MAX - -char cwd[PATH_MAX]; -if \201getcwd \201cwd, PATH_MAX\202 == 0\202 -{ - // Buffer too small? -} - -xml_schema::properties props; - -props.no_namespace_schema_location \201 - "file:///" + std::string \201cwd\202 + "people.xsd"\202; - -props.schema_location \201 - "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace", - "file:///" + std::string \201cwd\202 + "xml.xsd"\202; - -auto_ptr<people_t> p \201people \201"people.xml", 0, props\202\202;)RP( - - )0 P(A third method is the most useful if you are plan)HY(ning)YH( to parse - several XML docu)HY(ments)YH( of the same vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH(. In that case - it may be bene)HY(fi)HY(cial)YH( to pre-parse and cache the schemas in - the XML parser which can then be used to parse all docu)HY(ments)YH( - without re-parsing the schemas. For more infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( on - this method refer to the )SM(caching)ES( example in the - )SM(exam)HY(ples)YH(/cxx/tree/)ES( direc)HY(tory)YH( of the XSD - distri)HY(bu)HY(tion)YH(. It is also possi)HY(ble)YH( to convert the schemas into - a pre-compiled binary repre)HY(sen)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( and embed this repre)HY(sen)HY(ta)HY(tion)YH( - directly into the appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( executable. With this approach your - appli)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH( can perform XML Schema vali)HY(da)HY(tion)YH( without depend)HY(ing)YH( on - any exter)HY(nal)YH( schema files. For more infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( on how to achieve - this refer to the )SM(embed)HY(ded)YH()ES( example in the - )SM(exam)HY(ples)YH(/cxx/tree/)ES( direc)HY(tory)YH( of the XSD distri)HY(bu)HY(tion)YH(.)EP( - - )0 P(When the XML parser cannot locate a schema for the - XML docu)HY(ment)YH(, the vali)HY(da)HY(tion)YH( fails and XML docu)HY(ment)YH( - elements and attributes for which schema defi)HY(ni)HY(tions)YH( could - not be located are reported in the diag)HY(nos)HY(tics)YH(. For - example, if we remove the )SM(noNames)HY(paceSchemaLo)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH()ES( - attribute in )SM(people.xml)ES( from the previ)HY(ous)YH( chapter, - then we will get the follow)HY(ing)YH( diag)HY(nos)HY(tics)YH( if we try to parse - this file with vali)HY(da)HY(tion)YH( enabled:)EP( - - ) 8 74 PR(people.xml:2:63 error: no declaration found for element 'people' -people.xml:4:18 error: no declaration found for element 'person' -people.xml:4:18 error: attribute 'id' is not declared for element 'person' -people.xml:5:17 error: no declaration found for element 'first-name' -people.xml:6:18 error: no declaration found for element 'middle-name' -people.xml:7:16 error: no declaration found for element 'last-name' -people.xml:8:13 error: no declaration found for element 'gender' -people.xml:9:10 error: no declaration found for element 'age')RP( - - )0 2 27 H(5.2)WB 62 Sn()WB 31 Sn( Error Handling)EA()EH( - - )0 P(The parsing func)HY(tions)YH( offer a number of ways to handle error condi)HY(tions)YH( - with the C++ excep)HY(tions)YH( being the most commonly used mech)HY(a)HY(nism)YH(. All - C++/Tree excep)HY(tions)YH( derive from common base )SM(xml_schema::excep)HY(tion)YH()ES( - which in turn derives from )SM(std::excep)HY(tion)YH()ES(. The easiest - way to uniformly handle all possi)HY(ble)YH( C++/Tree excep)HY(tions)YH( and print - detailed infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( about the error is to catch and print - )SM(xml_schema::excep)HY(tion)YH()ES(, as shown in the follow)HY(ing)YH( - example:)EP( - - ) 8 47 PR(try -{ - auto_ptr<people_t> p \201people \201"people.xml"\202\202; -} -catch \201const xml_schema::exception& e\202 -{ - cerr << e << endl; -})RP( - - )0 P(Each indi)HY(vid)HY(ual)YH( C++/Tree excep)HY(tion)YH( also allows you to obtain - error details program)HY(mat)HY(i)HY(cally)YH(. For example, the - )SM(xml_schema::parsing)ES( excep)HY(tion)YH( is thrown when - the XML parsing and vali)HY(da)HY(tion)YH( in the under)HY(ly)HY(ing)YH( XML parser - fails. It encap)HY(su)HY(lates)YH( various diag)HY(nos)HY(tics)YH( infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( - such as the file name, line and column numbers, as well as the - error or warning message for each entry. For more infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( - about this and other excep)HY(tions)YH( that can be thrown during - parsing, refer to - )R16 2 A(Section - 3.3, "Error Handling")EA( in the C++/Tree Mapping - User Manual.)EP( - - )0 P(Note that if you are parsing )SM(std::istream)ES( on which - excep)HY(tions)YH( are not enabled, then you will need to check the - stream state after the call to the parsing func)HY(tion)YH( in order - to detect any possi)HY(ble)YH( stream fail)HY(ures)YH(, for example:)EP( - - ) 15 50 PR(std::ifstream ifs \201"people.xml"\202; - -if \201ifs.fail \201\202\202 -{ - cerr << "people.xml: unable to open" << endl; - return 1; -} - -auto_ptr<people_t> p \201people \201ifs, "people.xml"\202\202; - -if \201ifs.fail \201\202\202 -{ - cerr << "people.xml: read error" << endl; - return 1; -})RP( - - )0 P(The above example can be rewrit)HY(ten)YH( to use excep)HY(tions)YH( as - shown below:)EP( - - ) 13 66 PR(try -{ - std::ifstream ifs; - ifs.exceptions \201std::ifstream::badbit | std::ifstream::failbit\202; - ifs.open \201"people.xml"\202; - - auto_ptr<people_t> p \201people \201ifs, "people.xml"\202\202; -} -catch \201const std::ifstream::failure&\202 -{ - cerr << "people.xml: unable to open or read error" << endl; - return 1; -})RP( - - - - - - )0 1 28 H(6)WB 63 Sn()WB 32 Sn( Seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH()EA()EH( - - )0 P(We have already seen how to seri)HY(al)HY(ize)YH( an object model back to XML - in this guide before. In this chapter we will discuss the - seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( topic in more detail.)EP( - - )0 P(By default, the C++/Tree mapping provides a total of 8 over)HY(loaded)YH( - seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( func)HY(tions)YH(. They differ in the output methods used to write - XML as well as the error report)HY(ing)YH( mech)HY(a)HY(nisms)YH(. It is also possi)HY(ble)YH( to - gener)HY(ate)YH( types for root elements instead of parsing and seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( - func)HY(tions)YH(. This may be useful if your XML vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH( has multi)HY(ple)YH( - root elements. For more infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( on element types refer to - )R14 2 A(Section - 2.9, "Mapping for Global Elements")EA( in the C++/Tree Mapping User - Manual.)EP( - - - )0 P(In this section we will discuss the most commonly - used version of seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( func)HY(tions)YH(. For a compre)HY(hen)HY(sive)YH( descrip)HY(tion)YH( - of seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( refer to - )R17 2 A(Chapter - 4, "Seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH(")EA( in the C++/Tree Mapping User Manual. For the - )SM(people)ES( global element from our person record vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH(, - we will concen)HY(trate)YH( on the follow)HY(ing)YH( seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( func)HY(tion)YH(:)EP( - - ) 7 50 PR(void -people \201std::ostream& os, - const people_t& x, - const xml_schema::namespace_infomap& map = - xml_schema::namespace_infomap \201\202, - const std::string& encoding = "UTF-8", - xml_schema::flags f = 0\202;)RP( - - )0 P(This func)HY(tion)YH( seri)HY(al)HY(izes)YH( the object model passed as the second - argu)HY(ment)YH( to the stan)HY(dard)YH( output stream passed as the first - argu)HY(ment)YH(. The third argu)HY(ment)YH( is a names)HY(pace)YH( infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( map - which we will discuss in more detail in the next section. - The fourth argu)HY(ment)YH( is a char)HY(ac)HY(ter)YH( encod)HY(ing)YH( that the result)HY(ing)YH( - XML docu)HY(ment)YH( should be in. Possi)HY(ble)YH( valid values for this - argu)HY(ment)YH( are "US-ASCII", "ISO8859-1", "UTF-8", "UTF-16BE", - "UTF-16LE", "UCS-4BE", and "UCS-4LE". Finally, the flags - argu)HY(ment)YH( allows fine-tuning of the seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( process. - The follow)HY(ing)YH( example shows how we can use the above seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( - func)HY(tion)YH(:)EP( - - ) 19 34 PR(people_t& p = ... - -xml_schema::namespace_infomap map; -map[""].schema = "people.xsd"; - -// Serialize to stdout. -// -people \201std::cout, p, map\202; - -// Serialize to a file. -// -std::ofstream ofs \201"people.xml"\202; -people \201ofs, p, map\202; - -// Serialize to a string. -// -std::ostringstream oss; -people \201oss, p, map\202; -std::string xml \201oss.str \201\202\202;)RP( - - - )0 2 29 H(6.1)WB 64 Sn()WB 33 Sn( Names)HY(pace)YH( and Schema Infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH()EA()EH( - - )0 P(While XML seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( can be done just from the object - model alone, it is often desir)HY(able)YH( to assign mean)HY(ing)HY(ful)YH( - prefixes to XML names)HY(paces)YH( used in the vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH( as - well as to provide the schema loca)HY(tion)YH( infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH(. - This is accom)HY(plished)YH( by passing the names)HY(pace)YH( infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( - map to the seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( func)HY(tion)YH(. The key in this map is - a names)HY(pace)YH( prefix that should be assigned to an XML names)HY(pace)YH( - spec)HY(i)HY(fied)YH( in the )SM(name)ES( vari)HY(able)YH( of the - map value. You can also assign an optional schema loca)HY(tion)YH( for - this names)HY(pace)YH( in the )SM(schema)ES( vari)HY(able)YH(. Based - on each key-value entry in this map, the seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( - func)HY(tion)YH( adds two attributes to the result)HY(ing)YH( XML docu)HY(ment)YH(: - the names)HY(pace)YH(-prefix mapping attribute and schema loca)HY(tion)YH( - attribute. The empty prefix indi)HY(cates)YH( that the names)HY(pace)YH( - should be mapped without a prefix. For example, the follow)HY(ing)YH( - map:)EP( - - ) 7 55 PR(xml_schema::namespace_infomap map; - -map[""].name = "http://www.example.com/example"; -map[""].schema = "example.xsd"; - -map["x"].name = "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"; -map["x"].schema = "xml.xsd";)RP( - - )0 P(Results in the follow)HY(ing)YH( XML docu)HY(ment)YH(:)EP( - - ) 7 68 PR(<?xml version="1.0" ?> -<example - xmlns="http://www.example.com/example" - xmlns:x="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" - xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" - xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.example.com/example example.xsd - http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace xml.xsd">)RP( - - )0 P(The empty names)HY(pace)YH( indi)HY(cates)YH( that the vocab)HY(u)HY(lary)YH( has no target - names)HY(pace)YH(. For example, the follow)HY(ing)YH( map results in only the - )SM(noNames)HY(paceSchemaLo)HY(ca)HY(tion)YH()ES( attribute being added:)EP( - - ) 4 34 PR(xml_schema::namespace_infomap map; - -map[""].name = ""; -map[""].schema = "example.xsd";)RP( - - )0 2 30 H(6.2)WB 65 Sn()WB 34 Sn( Error Handling)EA()EH( - - )0 P(Similar to the parsing func)HY(tions)YH(, the seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( func)HY(tions)YH( offer a - number of ways to handle error condi)HY(tions)YH( with the C++ excep)HY(tions)YH( being - the most commonly used mech)HY(a)HY(nisms)YH(. As with parsing, the easiest way to - uniformly handle all possi)HY(ble)YH( seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( excep)HY(tions)YH( and print - detailed infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( about the error is to catch and print - )SM(xml_schema::excep)HY(tion)YH()ES(:)EP( - - ) 13 38 PR(try -{ - people_t& p = ... - - xml_schema::namespace_infomap map; - map[""].schema = "people.xsd"; - - people \201std::cout, p, map\202\202; -} -catch \201const xml_schema::exception& e\202 -{ - cerr << e << endl; -})RP( - - )0 P(The most commonly encoun)HY(tered)YH( seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( excep)HY(tion)YH( is - )SM(xml_schema::seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH()ES(. It is thrown - when the XML seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( in the under)HY(ly)HY(ing)YH( XML writer - fails. It encap)HY(su)HY(lates)YH( various diag)HY(nos)HY(tics)YH( infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( - such as the file name, line and column numbers, as well as the - error or warning message for each entry. For more infor)HY(ma)HY(tion)YH( - about this and other excep)HY(tions)YH( that can be thrown during - seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH(, refer to - )R18 2 A(Section - 4.4, "Error Handling")EA( in the C++/Tree Mapping - User Manual.)EP( - - )0 P(Note that if you are seri)HY(al)HY(iz)HY(ing)YH( to )SM(std::ostream)ES( on - which excep)HY(tions)YH( are not enabled, then you will need to check the - stream state after the call to the seri)HY(al)HY(iza)HY(tion)YH( func)HY(tion)YH( in order - to detect any possi)HY(ble)YH( stream fail)HY(ures)YH(, for example:)EP( - - ) 15 47 PR(std::ofstream ofs \201"people.xml"\202; - -if \201ofs.fail \201\202\202 -{ - cerr << "people.xml: unable to open" << endl; - return 1; -} - -people \201ofs, p, map\202\202; - -if \201ofs.fail \201\202\202 -{ - cerr << "people.xml: write error" << endl; - return 1; -})RP( - - )0 P(The above example can be rewrit)HY(ten)YH( to use excep)HY(tions)YH( as - shown below:)EP( - - ) 13 66 PR(try -{ - std::ofstream ofs; - ofs.exceptions \201std::ofstream::badbit | std::ofstream::failbit\202; - ofs.open \201"people.xml"\202; - - people \201ofs, p, map\202\202; -} -catch \201const std::ofstream::failure&\202 -{ - cerr << "people.xml: unable to open or write error" << endl; - return 1; -})RP( - - )BR( -)BR( - -)WB NL -/TE t D NP TU PM 0 eq and{/Pn () D showpage}if end restore |